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Railways Africa
   PUBLISHERS                        CONTRIBUTORS                                                                          SUBSCRIPTIONS
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EXPO CENTRE – JOHANNESBURG
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Call for papers.
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         W W W. R A I LWAY S A N D H A R B O U R S . C O M
Comment
The 18-day freight rail strike during      strike is supposedly over they remain          loosened on curves, for instance –
May and the largely parallel passenger     basically in the same position”.               probably account for something like
disruption – which began a week later      Obviously, he concluded, this is               R70 million in making good damage.
but took until 1 June before services      going to cause job losses - and that’s         Four burned out coaches set Prasa
normalised – pushed South Africa back      an interesting point. Strike-makers            back by almost R20 million alone.
a great deal more than most people         see only today’s paypacket, not the
seem to realise. For the first time in     diminished number of paypackets                Which brings us to the sting in the tail.
150 years, no passenger trains ran         tomorrow – nor the inflated cost of            South African Transport and Allied
anywhere in the entire country. That       every commodity, six months down               Workers’ Union (Satawu) general
went on for seven consecutive days,        the line. Raise the price of transport         secretary, Zenzo Mahlangu, is quoted
causing unprecedented hardship to          drastically – by three times the rate of       saying the “large increase” has created
thousands who could not get to work,       inflation, for example - and up goes           a basis from which “fair wage deals
severely impacting on industry and         the price of everything on the table           could be signed in future negotiations”.
commerce. Agriculture reported severe      likewise; costing that much more just to       How’s that for some pretty clear writing
transport dislocation. The inevitable      live, with jobs down and the country’s         on the wall?
consequence is reduced confidence in       economy roundly hammered.
the railway and more traffic lost to the
road.                                      Where is government to find massive
                                           unbudgeted millions, the sort of money
Some things are lost forever. Seven        needed to meet the huge adjustments
days’ worth of seats unsold on             agreed (like 12% at Prasa; even more
passenger trains, for instance, must       at Transnet)? What is the effect going         Phillippa Dean
represent a small fortune in revenue       to be on Prasa, repeatedly bewailing
that can never be recovered (not to        its desperate shortage of funding,             Footnote: Politicians in London are pressing for
mention the effect of a further two        its antiquated rolling stock? Recent           total driverless train operation, to remove what
weeks’ very restricted service on many     warnings say intercity service will            they term the unions’ “stranglehold” and their
routes).                                   collapse within two years, failing radical     ability to bring the city to a standstill. (See Pete the
                                           action. How many jobs are at risk in a         Pundit on page 6).
South African Shippers’ Council            pending Shosholoza Meyl demise –
executive director, L M Pelser, listed     and what will 12% pay increases be
some costly post-strike port realities     worth then?
(notably at Durban), such as ships
offloading containers but sailing minus    That isn’t all, of course. To achieve
the export boxes that did not make it      settlement, the negotiators had their
into the vessel-stack on time.             arms twisted to grant a R1,000 one-
                                           off payment to every employee, “to
“Cargo owners,” Pelser was quoted          compensate for pay lost during the
saying, “could not export or import        strike”. On top of that, dirty tricks during
during the strike and now that the         the strike – derailments caused by rails


Contents
Gautrain                            2

Racec                               4

Opinion: Pete the Pundit            6

Industry Comment                    8
                                                     Comfortable, quiet,         New CEO for                     Cape Town station
Africa Update                       10
                                                     fast – and now legal        RACEC                           revamped & Century
SA Rail News                        14                > Page 2                   > Page 4                        City opens
                                                                                                                 > Page 14
Gautrain Update                     18

Mishaps & Blunders                  24

Stamp Special                       30

Review                              32

Railway Heritage                    34
End of the Line                     36               Gautrain construction       Derailments during             Zambia’s Bushtracks
                                                     update                      transnet strike                changes loco
                                                     > Page 18                   > Page 24                      > Page 34


           www.railwaysafrica.com                                                         May 2010             RAILWAYS AFRICA                       1
GAUTRAIN



    GAUTRAIN :
    Comfortable, quiet, fast – and now legal
    On 2 June, Railways Africa had a second opportunity to           “We have done it just in time, with eight days to go to the start
    ride Gautrain: a comfortable, quiet and fast seven minutes       of the 2010 Fifa World Cup,” deputy minister Cronin pointed
    from Marlboro to OR Tambo International. The occasion was        out, but emphasised that the Gautrain contract had been
    a function in the airport station, where Bombela Operating       signed before the event was awarded to South Africa, and
    Company CEO, Alain Esteve, received the Railway Safety           had never been a World Cup project.
    Regulator’s safety permit from deputy minister of transport
    Jeremy Cronin.                                                   He quoted Passenger Rail Agency of South Africa (Prasa)
                                                                     CEO Lucky Montana’s observation that South Africa had
    “This is the critical moment when Gautrain graduates from        missed out on several technical “renaissances” in the world
    its construction phase to being an operating railway,” Cronin    of transport. With initiatives such as Gautrain, however, the
    explained. Conceding that he had been critical of the project    country could begin to catch up.
    in the past and had some “minor reservations”, he said he
    was not going to be a “party pooper” at this stage: “I share     MORE GAUTRAINS ELSEWHERE?
    along with all of you the excitement at what we are doing here   People from elsewhere in South Africa can be expected to
    with Gautrain and the steps we are taking with the project.”     want similar “wonderful coaches” in their own areas, Cronin
                                                                     said and he saw no reason why similar levels of technology
    A “FANTASTIC RIDE”                                               could not be implemented elsewhere.
    Cronin commented on the train’s ability to travel at 160km/h
    and said it was a “fantastic ride”, adding: “The Gautrain        A spokesman for the Railway Safety Regulator (RSR)
    agency has driven this with tremendous passion and skill.”       explained that although physically Gautrain differs from
                                                                     other rail systems in South Africa, the standards set for it are
    There were many positive things that could be said about         just as stringent.
    the project, he continued. It is probably the largest public-
    private-participation programme happening in South Africa,       RSR CEO, Mosenngwa Mofi, congratulated Bombela on
    and everyone involved had learned a lot: “Clearly, in the        fulfilling its legal obligations including the approved safety
    provision of major infrastructure, this is the way we have to    management system. He said: “We remain positive that our
    go, so in this, Gautrain has played a pioneering role”.          collective efforts at improving safety will lead to a Gautrain
                                                                     that is safe, secure and on track.”




                                                                                               Authorising the system to carry fare-paying
                                                                                               passengers meant that Gautrain was now up
                                                                                               and running – and fully legal


2     RAILWAYS AFRICA           May 2010                                                    www.railwaysafrica.com
GAUTRAIN




Deputy transport minister Jeremy Cronin and Alain Esteve, CEO of the Bombela
Operating Company proudly display Gautrain's Railway Safety certificate.




Railways Africa
www.railwaysafrica.com                                             /           /              /
             www.railwaysafrica.com                                                May 2010   RAILWAYS AFRICA   3
RACEC



    New CEO for RACEC
    On 31 May 2010, Charles John Harrod retired as chief                                                            Gary Lee Harrod
    executive officer of Racec Group Ltd. He has held this
    position since 2002 and steps down after a long and
    successful career with the company spanning 31 years.

    Charles Harrod began his career at the South African
    Transport Services (Sats – now Transnet Freight Rail) in 1966
    as draughtsman in the chief electrical engineer’s office. He
    left Sats in 1975 and joined the electrical contracting
    division of Racec four years later, in Johannesburg. His
    responsibilities were primarily railway electrification design
    and construction projects, later expanded into township
    reticulation, transmission line erection and underground
    locomotive line projects. Charles Harrod set up Racec‘s
    electrical division in 1987, which afterwards expanded
    into the Eastern Cape and subsequently became Racec
    Electrification.

    GROWTH WITH STABILITY
    Racec Electrification has grown into the major electrical
    reticulation contractor in the Western and Southern Cape,
    as well as being an important contributor to the success
    of the Racec group. In December 1988, Charles Harrod,
    together with key members of management, supported
    by Standard Corporate and Merchant Bank, successfully
    achieved a management buy-out of the group from Metkor.          going ahead in the near future. “So projects are coming
                                                                     together, and even during the tough economic times, we
    Charles was instrumental in Racec’s listing on the JSE           have managed to retain our skills. Racec has a reputation to
    Alternative Exchange in 2007. His successful conclusion          be proud of; we deliver on time and our quality is excellent,”
    of several acquisitions since listing has added significant      he says.
    value to Racec. During this time, the group has diversified
    its activities from pure platelaying into the electrification    ABOUT GARY LEE HARROD:
    sector and has broadened its presence throughout South           Gary Harrod was granted a Grinaker bursary in 1990
    Africa and into Africa.                                          to study at the University of Cape Town. He holds a
                                                                     BSc in construction management and has completed a
    Charles will continue to serve as a non-executive director       construction management programme at the University of
    of Racec, consulting on strategic and operational matters.       Stellenbosch MBA School. He is married with two children.

    IN SAFE HANDS                                                    Joining Racec Electrification in 1998 as contracts manager,
    Gary Lee Harrod succeeds Charles, his appointment                Gary was responsible for the supervision and co-ordination
    becoming effective on 1 June 2010. “I am looking forward         of multiple construction projects, and the implementation
    to the future. While we haven’t been left unscathed by the       of newly legislated government and company policies. He
    recession and it’s by no means over, the future is looking       has been actively involved in the overall management of
    much better.” Reflecting on his career at Racec, Gary,           the Racec group, of which he has been a director (as well
    concludes there have been a number of highlights, but he         as managing director of subsidiary Racec Electrification)
    is particular proud of his involvement in the listing process.   since 2002.
    A number of infrastructure projects, previously on hold, are




4     RAILWAYS AFRICA           May 2010                                                  www.railwaysafrica.com
SAL
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n Eliminates approximately 85% of relays in Electrical
    Cabinet. (Subject to locomotive manufacturer)

n MU, Control Stand, in engine room located sensors and
    devices, wiring harnesses are supplied.

n Required transducers and mounting hardware
    kits supplied.

n Complete system support by phone, web conference or on
    site by our Engineers.

n 20 years total system support.




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Tel: +001 (450) 424 4112 Fax: +001 (450) 424 4026
730 Cite des Jeunes Saint Lazare PQ J7T 2BS Canada
info.rmr@railroadbusiness.com www.railroadbusiness.com
OPINION



    PETE THE PUNDIT at the
    RAILWAY SALE-ROOMS, ABOARD THE FASTEST TRAIN IN
    AFRICA AND ON THE DOWNSIDE OF STRIKES
    It isn’t every day you can buy locomotives, passenger                               Its cruel, that’s what it is, and chanting “the right to strike
    coaches, freight wagons and other railway items too                                 is enshrined in the constitution” rubs salt into an already
    numerous to mention on auction. However, once a month                               nasty wound.
    for auctioning off desirable railway assets isn’t bad going.
    In fact, it’s good to know that people still pay money for                          At the other end of the scale, there are well-to-do entities
    railway artefacts; far too many go out at night and help                            bearing the brunt of weeks of determined inaction that
    themselves.                                                                         has absolutely nothing to do with them. Such as Rovos Rail,
                                                                                        in which one man (who invested all he had in what started
    For instance, all 382 wagons on offer at Transnet Freight                           out as a pipe-dream) has single-handedly done more for
    Rail’s sale that closed on 13 April were sold, Peter                                South African tourism than almost anyone we know.
    Bagshawe tells us. There was a loco too - class 14E 14-
    102 - though little more than a body-shell and frames were                          According to Rohan Vos, who has single-handedly created
    left, this being an accident casualty. The interior had been                        employment for hundreds, “The strike cost us dearly. We
    gutted and bogies were not included.                                                had to cancel two complete journeys to Cape Town. We
                                                                                        had to leave trains in Kimberley and fly people out. That
    Other bargain lots included                                                         happened to two trains. And we had to leave a train in
    seven Toyota rail trolleys,                                                         Durban.” This was due to Transnet staff not coming to work
    a Suzuki Samurai road/rail                                                          and locomotives not being available. “Signals were not
    trolley (all non-runners) and                                                       working, all sorts of things. It’s been a hugely difficult time
    a working Plasser SBR7411                                                           for us,” Vos told the press.
    rail ballast regulator with
    spares. A 1979 Funkey                                                               According to a Sapa report, Vos said the company had
    inspection trolley remained                                                         received numerous claims for costs, which it was honouring.
    unsold. At the auction which
                                  Loco 14-102 at Deelfontein on 26 October
    closed on 27 May 2010, 60 2005, after the Blue Train and the Trans-                 Perhaps we should be grateful to Maria Ramos for taking
    wagons went for R1,520,000, Karoo went bump in the night.                           SAA out of Transnet – otherwise the planes wouldn’t have
    together with an historic Photo: Die Burger.                                        been flying either.
    (though burned out) 1937
    2M1 motor coach converted for driver training. Two 1958                             LOOK MA, NO DRIVERS - AND NO STRIKES
    class 31 (GE U12B) diesel locos - 31-025 and 041 - are                              Recalling there were 20 days of UK rail strikes between 31
    believed to have fetched R131,000.                                                  December 2005 and 23 December 2009, the Conservative
                                                                                        group on the London Assembly has made a proposal to city
    Eight L1T coaches were knocked down for R175,000.                                   executive mayor Boris Johnson: Make all the London tube
                                                                                        trains driverless, fire all the drivers (thereby avoiding strike
                                                                                        disruptions) and save £141 million annually in wages.

                                                                                        The Victoria and Central lines already use driverless
                                                                                        technology, it is pointed out – as well as London’s Docklands
                                                                                        Light Rail system. Removing drivers on other lines, it is
                                                                                        suggested “would end the stranglehold militant unions have
                                                                                        on the city’s tube network and seriously curtail their ability
                                                                                        to bring London to a standstill. Driverless trains offer a safer,
                                                                                        faster, more efficient level of service.”


                                                                                         FASTEST TRAIN IN AFRICA
    The L1T coaches were part of the mid-eighties’ “Metroblitz” trains which linked
    Pretoria and Johannesburg in 42 minutes, reaching speeds of 160km/h. By way of
    comparison, Gautrain is to link Pretoria and Johannesburg in 42 minutes, reaching
    speeds of 160km/h. Snap!


    TRANSNET STRIKE COSTS ROVOS
    One can understand workers wanting to strike over
    differences with their employers. A growing number of
    people, however, find it difficult to reconcile so-called
    industrial action when it brings unimaginable hardship to
    innocent people who do not deserve its consequences.
    This is especially the case when hundreds of thousands                               Sorry guys: At 160km/h, Gautrain is not the fastest in
    are prevented from getting to work. Most victims are from                            Africa: all those press stories got it wrong. Alstom Prima II
    the poorest sector of the population, those to whom finding                          locomotives like this have been hauling 15-car Moroccan
    extra travelling money means even less on a table that                               trains at 160km/h since around 2008. Typical schedule:
    may be little more than bare at the best of times. And                               Rabat 13:25, Casablanca (91km) 14:30. Average 140km/h.
    adding an hour or two to an already overlong daily journey                           Current construction envisages TGV-type trains running at
    makes life just that much more unbearable.                                           320km/h by 2015.


6      RAILWAYS AFRICA                   May 2010                                                              www.railwaysafrica.com
INDUSTRY COMMENT



    Railway logistics
    Dave van der Meulen, managing member, Railway Corporate Strategy CC

    TYPES OF FREIGHT                                                                                                                                  logistics. Their fixed guideways
    Freight falls into two fundamental categories. First there is                                                                                     constrain the scope of movements in
    low-value, high-density freight, typically bulk agricultural                                                                                      which they can naturally participate:
    or mineral commodities prior to beneficiation. If the vehicle                                                                                     Participation at higher levels is
    profile is sufficiently large, it achieves heavy axle load on                                                                                     therefore at the discretion of logistics
    rail with relative ease. Secondly there is high value, low-                                                                                       integrators at these levels.
    density freight, typically intermediate or finished goods.
    As a rule, the higher the value added, the less dense the                                                                                         Consider now the time value of common bulk commodities.
    goods, though display and protective packaging contribute                                                                                         Prices per ton range from iron ore @ $US100-110, coal @
    to reducing density. It is often challenging to achieve a                                                                                         $150-200, to maize @ $150-300, while real discount rates
    heavy axle load on rail with high value-added freight.                                                                                            range from 3% to 5% per annum. The time value per hour
                                                                                                                                                      is therefore (discount rate)/(24x365): Dividing any discount
    In South Africa, and seemingly only in South Africa as a                                                                                          rate by 8,760 renders it negligible - a small fraction of one
    Google search will show, one comes across the term rail-                                                                                          cent per ton per hour, even at maximum price and rate. Such
    friendly freight. What does it mean? Freight is lifeless and                                                                                      freight typically moves from stockpile to stockpile, or silo to
    therefore cannot be friendly: Only people can be friendly. In                                                                                     silo, at the natural speed of the applicable transport mode.
    logistics, the freight owner or his agent is the customer, and
    the railway is a service provider. By the nature of business                                                                                      It is thus natural that heavy-haul railways should align
    relationships, the customer’s friendliness will recognise the                                                                                     themselves to business that demands a comparatively
    supplier with the best offering. Disappointingly, one seldom                                                                                      low level of logistics integration. Other than occasional
    comes across the reciprocal term, logistics-friendly rail. It is                                                                                  opportunities for direct loading to vessels, rail transport
    therefore useful to reflect on how freight railways relate to                                                                                     of bulk commodities is therefore largely decoupled from
    freight logistics.                                                                                                                                other activities in the logistics chain. Possibly lumpy
                                                                                                                                                      integration can work because the time value of commodities
    RAILWAYS IN THE WORLD OF LOGISTICS                                                                                                                transported in this way is low.
    Consider first the logistics industry hierarchy from the
    perspective of the level of integration provided by its                                                                                           Furthermore, volumes are so large that direct rail access
    members. First party logistics concerns the consignor                                                                                             at the points of origin and destination is taken for granted.
    or consignee, one of which owns the freight and possibly                                                                                          Such “door-to-door” rail service is frequently difficult to
    the means of transport as well. A second party logistics                                                                                          realise with high-value freight, which therefore gravitates to
    provider is an asset-based carrier that actually owns the                                                                                         road - unless the axle load is sufficiently high, and the haul
    means of transport, and which may offer limited value-added                                                                                       distance sufficiently long, to offset the cost of intermodal
    services such as track-and-trace. A third party logistics                                                                                         transshipment to or from rail at one or more intermediate
    provider, in addition to transport, offers basic value-                                                                                           nodes.
    added services, such as warehousing, pick-and-pack, and
    distribution. It owns at least one of them, and may contract                                                                                      IMPLICATIONS FOR RAIL
    the remainder to other parties, but it is not independent. A                                                                                      How does one achieve fundamental railway competitiveness,
    fourth party logistics provider is an independent, non-asset-                                                                                     and how does it relate to the logistics industry? Consider
    based integrator of a client’s supply and demand chains.                                                                                          now the degrees of freedom of movement of transport
                                                                                                                                                      modes, ie on how many mutually perpendicular axes a
    The more a logistics service provider is asset-based, the                                                                                         mode can move simultaneously.
    lower its level of integration; and the less a logistics service
    provider is asset-based, the higher its level of integration.                                                                                     Air transport supports three degrees of freedom of
    The implications for railways are clear: Their asset                                                                                              movement - forward, lateral, and vertical. At a price, it can
    intensiveness naturally positions them in second party                                                                                            offer high origin-destination flexibility and short journey
                                                                                                             SISHEN (861 km)
                                                                                                                                         VAAL RIVER
                                                                                                                                                      times. The latter stem not only from its inherently high
                               KARASBURG
                                                                                                                                                      speed, but also from its ability to minimise route distance by
                                                                                  UPINGTON       VROLIK (791 km)

                                                                                             ROOILYF
                                                                                                             VAAL RIVER
                                                                                                                                      KIMBERLEY
                                                                                                                                                      flying great circle routes over natural obstacles, eg Chicago
                                                                                                                                                      to Delhi over the Arctic Ocean. Hence, air transport ideally
                                  ORANGE RIVER

                                          AGGENEYS                     PADDAGAT               ORANGE RIVER


                                                                            KOLKE (531 KM)
                                                                                                                                                      complements high-integration logistics management for
                                                                                                                                                      high-value freight. Surface transport sacrifices the vertical
                                                                                                       PRIESKA
                                                                                                                                   ORANGE RIVER

                                                                     HALFWEG (445 KM)

                                                                SOUS (371 KM)
                                                                                                                                                      degree of freedom of movement. In so doing, it reduces
                               BITTERFONTEIN         KANAKIES (274 KM)
                                                                                        CARNARVON
                                                                                                                          DE AAR
                                                                                                                                                      the cost of transport, but the remaining two degrees of
                  ATLANTIC
                                                     CALVINIA                                                                          ROSMEAD        freedom, forward and lateral, require it to overcome surface
                   OCEAN                    KNERSVLAK (183 KM)
                                                                                                                                                      obstacles, eg circumnavigating the Cape of Good Hope
                                                                                                                                                      between Europe and Asia, and passing mountain ranges
                         LAMBERTS BAY
                      KREEFBAAI (91 KM)
                                                 OLIFANTS RIVER                                     BEAUFORT WEST
                           ELANDS BAY
                  DWARSKERSBOS (41 KM)
                                                                                                                                                      and bridging watercourses over land. This pitches surface
                      SALDANHA BAY
                                                 PIKETBERG
                                                                                                                                                      transport at lower value freight, or tends to confine its
                                                          WORCESTER
                                                                               OUDTSHOORN
                                                                                                                                                      contribution to high-integration logistics management for
                                                                                                                                                      high-value freight to local collection or delivery. Guided
                                                              ROBERTSON                                                   PORT ELIZABETH
                                                                      RIVERSDALE        GEORGE
                              CAPETOWN            PAARL

                                                                                             MOSSEL BAY

                                                                                                             INDIAN OCEAN
                                                                                                                                                      surface transport further sacrifices the lateral degree
                                                                                                                                                      of freedom of movement - the remaining single degree
                                                                                                                                                      of freedom only allows a vehicle to move forward (and
                                                                           SISHEN - SALDANHALINE
                                                                           OTHER RAILWAYS                                                             backward) on its guideway. This constrains the amount of
                                                                                                                                                      value that high-integration logistics management can add,
                                                                                                                               KM
                                                                                  100           200                          400

                                                                                                                                                      but can deliver lowest transport cost in high volume corridors.

    South Africa’s 861km heavy-haul export iron ore line from Sishen to Saldanha.

8     RAILWAYS AFRICA                                        May 2010                                                                                                       www.railwaysafrica.com
INDUSTRY COMMENT


A natural affinity between the degrees of freedom of
movement of a transport mode, and the level of logistics                    The      only      intermodal
integration that it can support, is therefore evident.                      load unit that has gained
                                                                            critical mass in global
KEY QUESTIONS                                                               logistics thus far is the
Confinement to a guideway is not necessarily insur-                         container, usually to ISO
mountable. Indeed, while a fixed guideway does challenge                    standards. Note, however,
the logistics of high-value freight movements, it concurrently              that the North American
offers attractive opportunities in particular applications.                 market considers 40-foot
The presence of a guideway supports precise application                     ISO     containers      small, Bi-modal: a “Roadrailer” in Australia.
of wheel loads, secure lateral direction, and combination                   hence emergence there
of vehicles into trains. These characteristics underlie the                 of the larger 48-foot and 53-foot US domestic
genetic technologies bearing, guiding, and coupling, that                   containers. ISO containers have a lock on the maritime
give railways an unbeatable competitive advantage in                        market, so will likely prevail there for a long time. However,
particular market spaces.                                                   as continental and intercontinental rail landbridges have
                                                                            emerged, and continue to emerge, it will be interesting to
Regarding freight rail, bearing and coupling support heavy                  observe whether US domestic containers become a global
haul. Bearing, coupling, and guiding support double-                        railway standard on routes that have no maritime sector.
stacked containers (think of it as heavy-haul with a dash of
speed). Two other prominent combinations are high-speed
intercity and urban rail, but passenger rail is outside the
scope of this piece. Heavy-haul has already made its mark
in South Africa, and to a lesser extent elsewhere in Africa.
Double-stacking of containers is at once conspicuous by
its absence from Africa, and an opportunity to enter a
logistics market space where rail walks tall.




                                                                               South African container train near Swartruggens. Photo: Eugene Armer.


   Double-stacking of containers in the USA: a concept conspicuous by its   CONCLUSION
                            absence from Africa.                            Where is rail logistics in South Africa headed? Most high-
                                                                            value freight has already left rail. Judging by the number
SOME CRITICAL INSIGHTS                                                      of side-tipper interlinks seen on the roads, even heavy
The foregoing analysis has not introduced any novel                         bulk commodities are moving to road. The fundamentals
concepts, but simply set out to explore effective                           of logistics are not going to adapt to suit railways in Africa.
railway positioning from a logistics perspective, so that                   Can the converse happen, ie can railways in Africa become
stakeholders may direct their aspirations and efforts                       logistics-friendly?
appropriately. As a caution, it is worth noting that over
the years there have been several attempts, possibly                        The foregoing discussion has indicated how railways can
misguided, to re-jig the natural relation between logistics                 fit into a national freight logistics task, or relate even
and railways. In principle, they have sought to combine                     further afield to continental and intercontinental horizons.
the origin-destination flexibility of road with the long-haul               Freight railways need to align the category of traffic they
economy of rail.                                                            convey with an appropriate level of logistics integration. The
                                                                            strong performance of heavy-haul and double-stacking in
They include bi-modal systems such as RoadRailer and                        the global railway renaissance rests on mutually supportive
RailRunner (United States), multiple units for containers                   alignment between level of logistics integration and rail
such as CargoSprinter (diesel, Germany) and Super Rail                      competitiveness.
Cargo (electric, Japan), automated single vehicles such
as CargoMover (Germany), and swap bodies (Europe). Bi-                      That does not mean that there are no other areas of rail
modal systems tend to need fixed routes with balanced                       logistics that could work. It does however suggest that
traffic flows to ensure that bogie or vehicle turnaround                    areas exist where natural rail competitiveness is not a
cycles remain balanced. However, for this reason they are                   good fit with the logistics challenges at hand. Before
not as flexible as many lay people believe: not one has yet                 attempting to position freight railways where they could
developed critical mass in mainstream logistics.                            not compete effectively, stakeholders would do well to
                                                                            recall Emerson’s assertion that nothing great was ever
Reflection on the relation between level of logistics                       achieved without great enthusiasm. As yet, there is no
integration and degrees of freedom of movement suggests                     empirical evidence in Africa of enthusiasm for a new take
where proponents of the above mentioned concepts may                        on aligning logistics and railways.
have lost the plot. Logistically, they try to elevate rail service
beyond its natural level of integration. Technically, they fail             It would therefore be useful to recognise the inherent
to achieve axle loads significantly higher than road, which is              limitations and opportunities of competitive railway logistics
not a sound foundation for rail competitiveness. While other                and then take the fight to issues that can potentially
explanations may exist, it is evident that there is prima facie             reposition freight railways in Africa and South Africa for
mismatch between their level of logistics integration and                   competitiveness and sustainability.
railway competitiveness.


             www.railwaysafrica.com                                                                   May 2010           RAILWAYS AFRICA               9
AFRICA UPDATE




     ALGERIA                                                         various regions of the country. Replying to suggestions that
     ALGERIAN 5-YEAR RAIL PROGRAMME                                  many construction projects undertaken by China in Africa
     Nearly $US38 billion has been allocated as part of Algeria’s    have run into problems, Shen Jiru of the Chinese Academy
     public investment programme for 2010-2014 to promote            of Social Sciences is quoted saying: “We are providing
     overall development in the transport sector. The main           free-interest loans and aid, and we are a reliable backup for
     objective is to upgrade and extend the railway network          Africa’s economic development.”
     between 2012 and 2015. Electric tramways are to be built
     in 14 towns. Part of the national reconstruction process        Ethiopian President Meles Zenawi defends the railway deal,
     launched ten years ago, the complete programme involves         saying “It’s in their (China’s) interest to spend tens of billions
     a budget of $US286 billion for 2010-2014.                       of dollars in Africa and it’s in our interest to have access to
                                                                     those tens of billions of dollars.”
     BOTSWANA
     TRANS-KALAHARI RAILWAY
     Consultants undertaking a pre-feasibility study into the
     proposed 1,500km Trans-Kalahari Railway (TKR) are
     expected to report by October. It is now suggested that
     the line should start at Lobatse and run through western
     Botswana to Walvis Bay in Namibia. The World Bank and the
     governments of Botswana and Namibia are involved, but it
     is expected that the $US1.4 billion project will be funded
     mainly by the private sector.

     Entities interested in the scheme include Canada’s Hana
     Mining, whose Ghantsi project has impressive resources
     in copper and silver. Its plans for commercial production in
     2015 would prefer a cost-effective route to an Atlantic port.   Locos at Dire Dawa on the existing 781km metre-gauge Ethio-Djibouti Railway,
     Australian company Discovery Metals Limited (DML), which               CFDE (Chemin de fer Djibouti-Ethopien). Photo: Dietmar Fiedel.
     is developing its Boseto Copper Project, would also use the
     proposed line as an export route. It foresees producing 3m      GHANA
     tonnes of copper annually, starting in December 2011.           GHANA: TEMA RAIL ON TARGET
                                                                     Current upgrading of the 10km Accra-Tema line should
     CIC Energy, which is developing an export coal mine and         be completed by July 2010, says resident engineer Enyo
     coal-fired power station in eastern Botswana, hopes to          Matrevi. Work is about 50% finished (as far as Asoprochona),
     produce between 16 million and 17 million tonnes of export      with the team working “round the clock” to meet the
     quality coal for the European market.                           schedule. The project, transport minister Mike Hamah
                                                                     explains, is in line with government plans to improve the
     EGYPT                                                           country’s railway, an important objective being to ease
     EGYPT TO SPEND E£40BN                                           traffic congestion. Extension of the suburban lines to
     A 10-year plan has been launched by the Egyptian Railway        include the Accra-Winneba, Achimota and Nsawam sections
     Authority (ERA) involving development projects worth E£40       is also set down as part of the immediate to medium-term
     billion over the period 2011-2020. These are to include the     phase.
     building of several new lines, according to a report in the
     Al-Mal newspaper, which points out that the existing network    A feasibility study is being undertaken to extend – in the
     is focused on the Nile delta area. Essentially, most lines      long term - the western line northwards to Paga on the
     radiate from Cairo.                                             border with Burkina Faso.

                                                                     More than $US2 billion is to be injected into the rail system
                                                                     to facilitate the movement of goods along the 306km
                                                                     Accra-Koforidua-Kumasi line.

                                                                     KENYA
                                                                     KENYA RE-TENDERS BUILDING OF THE NEW RAILWAY
                                                                     The first attempt by Kenya Railways Corporation to appoint
                                                                     experts to design the proposed new standard gauge line
                                                                     failed because their quotations exceeded the amount
                                                                     budgeted by government. According to press reports,
                                                                     “the project to design a new railway between Mombasa
                                                                     and Malaba with a branch line to Kisumu attracted interest
                      Egyptian train at a station in Cairo.
                                                                     from 16 firms.” A tender was in fact accepted and a contract
     ETHIOPIA                                                        awarded to the Italian firm Italferr but it was cancelled soon
     CHINESE HELP FOR RAIL BUILDING IN ETHIOPIA                      afterwards, “when the corporation realised the successful
     A loan of more than $US100 million from China is to help        bid at Sh1.2 billion was above the government’s Sh700
     Ethiopia build railways linking the capital, Addis Abeba, to    million-budget.”


10     RAILWAYS AFRICA               May 2010                                                  www.railwaysafrica.com
AFRICA UPDATE                                                                                                AFRICA UPDATE


     TRL director general Narasimhaswami Jayaram company
     According to the same source, “A South Korean said that           RVR commercial manager new diesel-electric Geoffrey
                                                                       including the acquisition of 40 in Kampala, multiple-
     two goods trains comprising 23 wagons would be conveying
     was awarded the tender by an evaluation committee but             Tindimwebwa saysthis, rates will still would be than those
                                                                       unit trainsets. Of the $200 million be lower raised by
     various commodities including second team that gave the
     that decision was quashed by a cement from the Tanga              charged an infrastructure bond and“Our rest would come
                                                                       issuing by road freight hauliers. the rates have been
     Cement Company.
     contract to the Italians.”                                        steady since last October before the fuel prices rose andnew
                                                                       from the government’s annual budget. The design of a the
                                                                       price of steel spiralled,” he points out, whereas the truckers
                                                                       line linking Jomo Kenyatta International Airport to the city
     TAZARA
     The parliamentary committee on infrastructure and                 raise rates every time the fuel price changes. “Also, we have
                                                                       centre is complete.
     transport chaired by Matungu MP, David Were, it is reported,
     TAZARA TARIFFS UPPED                                              had a negative result from the weakening dollar as most of
     New investigate the legality of the cancellation.
     is to fares applicable on the Tanzania-Zambia Railway came        our rates are in that currency. It has been losing value, while
     into effect on 1 July. Ticket prices on ordinary passenger        the prices of our inputs have been going up.”
     An official who did not want to be quoted told Business
     trains as well as the Tazara Express went up 20% while
     parcels and luggage rates that out of the 16 bidsfrom Dar-
     Daily (published in Nairobi) rose 30%. Travellers received,       ZAMBIA
     es-Salaam in Tanzania to Kapiri Mposhi in “Some of thepay
     only two firms met KRC’s requirements. Zambia now 14              RSZ TAKEN TO TASK
     Tsh72,600 ($US72) questioned the the Tazara Express, up
     bidders, however, in first class on integrity of the tender       In an editorial, The Times of Zambia takes Rail Systems of
     evaluation process, claiming that their financial bid
     from Tsh60,500 ($US60).                                           Zambia (RSZ), the concessionaire running Zambian Railways,
     documents had been tampered with even after they were             to task for buying “brand new motor vehicles worth $US1.4
     To Makambako (Iringa) from stages. ‘I received a costs
     eliminated in the preliminary Dar-es-Salaam now letter            million”, while apparently falling short in service delivery.
     Tsh29,000 me that instead ofhad been unsuccessful,’ said
     informing ($US29) my bid Tsh24,200 ($US24). To Rujewa             “While the company has every right to purchase vehicles for
     a bidder who cannot be named because he plans to take
     (Mbeya) the fare is now Tsh29,900 ($US29) instead of              operations, we feel their priorities are misplaced,” the paper
     part in future tendering. What surprised me was that our
     Tsh24,900 ($US24).                                                writes.
     financial bid envelope appeared to have been opened after
     we had been disqualified.’”
     Tazara managing director Clement Subulwa Mwiya points             “Gone are the days,”Nairobi commuter train. the railway network
                                                                                             it laments, “when
     out thatMay company’s policy is to adjust tariffs project is
     On 18 the it was announced that the design annually.              was the most reliable mode of transport in Zambia. “It was so
                                                                       GUINEA
     High operational costs are beinguntil 25 June to makein the
     being retendered. Bidders had experienced, notably their          reliable SERVICE ON GUINEA LINEline was Zambia’s favourite
                                                                       PUBLIC and cheap, that the rail REVIVED
     wage bill and A notice in local newspapersdiesel. Tazara is
     submissions. the continually rising cost of said the tender       mode of transport, offloadingand Liberia have agreed to
                                                                       The governments of Guinea goods and passengers in
     upgrading its facilities at a cost of $US10 million, he says,
     is for preliminary design, environmental and social impact        remote BSG Resources (Guinea) Ltd mining joint venture to
                                                                       permit areas where roads were inaccessible.
     and 18 locomotives are for the proposed currently whose
     assessment services being rehabilitated railway,                  build a new iron ore export line from the Simandou area of
     construction is to begin in 2012.                                 “The failure Guinea to provide safetyLiberian coast. In return,
                                                                       south-east by RSZ to Didia on the and reliability has forced
     UGANDA                                                            many Zambians to abandon rail transport in general freight
                                                                       the firm has agreed to revive passenger and preference for
     MAIN-LINE AT JINJA REOPENS RAILWAY
     SQUATTERS OBSTRUCT NAIROBI                                        the faster and more reliable road transport. ItChemins dethat
                                                                       service on the 662km metre-gauge line of was hoped fer
     The main-line to around NairobiKenya, closed near JinjaRift
           slum area Kampala from is a huge problem to on              when Zambia Railways was concessioned to RSZ, things
                                                                       de Guinée (CFG).
     14 May following the collapse of an in the way of ambitious
     Valley Railways (RVR) – and stands embankment due to a            would change for the better.”
     government plans to provide a fast, substantially upgraded
     blocked culvert, was reopened to traffic on 16 June. During       Brazilian mining firm Vale announced a $US2.5bn deal in
     the four weeks that thepresent, trains inoperable, freight was
     commuter service. At line remained cannot move safely at          [RSZ in terms of sorely run-down system a 51% is taking in
                                                                       April inherited a which it has acquired which interest a
     speeds above 20km/h.
     offloaded at Iganga and taken forward by road. According          great deal of holds and money to put right. Theto significant
                                                                       BSG, which time half the concession rights rosy past of
     to Rift Valley Railways (RVR) project manager Glenn Kleyn,        railways in thesources dates back to the days when it was
                                                                       undeveloped country of high-grade iron ore that could
     quoted by New Vision (published in Kampala) RVR general
     The Nation, published in the city, quotes a new three-            called Northern Rhodesia – but nobody Though Simandou is
                                                                       support a long-term mining project. will want to remember
     manager for the eastern region, James Nyambari, saying
     metre diameter galvanised iron culvert has been installed,        that. – editor] nearest access to the Atlantic is the coast
                                                                       in Guinea, the
     to provide adequate outlet the stormwater togarbage on the
     “the biggest headache is for dumping of drain into Lake           of Liberia.
     Victoria, about a kilometre downstream. to remove the trash
     track. People are employed almost daily
     from the railway and then wagons are used to take it away.”       The CFG line connects the capital Conakry on the coast
     Kleyn said the repair work was being done at mile 323. In         to 4 - 6 March 2009
                                                                           the Upper Niger and Kankan regions. The first 36km of
                                                                           Cape Town
     addition, overflows onto investigating a structure at mile 289
     Sewage the company is the track in some areas, making             route out of Conakry has seen occasional use but the
     towards Busembatia. resulting in wheel slip. Sometimes,
     it muddy and slippery,                                            remainder has seen no service in 15 years. Additional rights
     because of this, RVR has to double up locomotives to
                                                                       ZIMBABWE at Simandou are held by Rio Tinto, which
                                                                       to exploit ore
     “It (mile 289) is not in any alternatively, trains but we are
     obtain sufficient traction or immediate danger have to be         signed a “non-binding” memorandum of understanding
                                                                       NEW Chinalco in March 2010, agreeing to establish a joint
     investigating and drawing up designs,” he told the issued by
     split in two at Kibera station. A 30-day deadline paper.          with NRZ SERVICE
     the government on 21 March, requiring people to move              The National Railways of Zimbabwe (NRZ) has introduced
                                                                       venture covering the development and operation of mines
     from railway property, came and went. Kenyan director of          a new weekly passenger service to Chicualacuala, 500km
                                                                       plus associated rail and port infrastructure.
     UGANDA RATES INCREASE
     Amnesty International, Justus Nyang’aya, estimating that          south-east of Bulawayo on the line to Maputo. The existing
     Rift Valley Railways (RVR) asked increased freight rates
     50,000 people are involved, has for an extension saying:          Wednesday train to Chiredzi has been rescheduled to leave
                                                                       MOZAMBIQUE
     between Mombasa and Kampala proposed mass evictions
     “Without proper safeguards, the from $US80 per tonne to           Bulawayo at 14:00 on Wednesday instead of 21:00. Arriving
                                                                       MOZAMBIQUE RAILWAY MUSEUM
     $110.have a managing director Roy Puffet explained in July:
     will Former devastating impact on people’s access to              at 04:00 on Thursday, it the World 05:00 torecently visited
                                                                       Dr John Middleton of returns at Bank Mbizi junction,
     “The tariff adjustment was driven by continued upward costs
     water, sanitation, food and schools and could well create a       and continues from there to Chicualacuala. Following a
                                                                       Maputo and Moatize on business. He reported on sar-L:
     of energy, petroleum products and steel. The price of diesel
     humanitarian emergency.”                                          14:00 station at Maputoback to Bulawayo, arriving clean but
                                                                       “The departure, it runs always seems neat and on Friday
     has gone up by 24% in the last eight months and there is          morning. The Chiredzi-Bulawayo April wasretains its former
                                                                       a pleasant surprise found on 18 service the construction
     double digit inflation as well as dollar revaluation”. managing
     A recently completed study, says Kenya Railways                   timing on railway museum, although this has not yet opened.
                                                                       of a CFM other days of the week.
     director Nduva Muli, established it will cost about $US250        It is being created on the four bay-platform tracks at the
     million to revamp the commuter rail service in Nairobi,           west end of the station. All four are under the overall roof




                                                                                                                        Thermitrex (Pty) Ltd
                                                                                                                 Tel:    +27 (0)11 914 2540
                                                                                             www.thermitrex.co.za
18     RAILWAYS AFRICA   3 | 2008
             www.railwaysafrica.com                                                          www.railwaysafrica.com
                                                                                             May 2010   RAILWAYS AFRICA                        11
AFRICA UPDATE


     with the inner two within a building. Various hoardings            of the new GE locomotives at Kano. He was quoted saying:
     have been erected describing the work and the overall              “The arrival of the locomotive engine in Kano signifies the
     impression is of a well thought-out project. So far the            success of the first steps in our efforts towards launching a
     only large exhibits are three magnificently restored teak          new era in rail transport system in Nigeria.”
     bodied coaches and a van. Staff at the station indicated
     that locomotives would also be included and this probably          The delivery of the unit from Lagos - one of five received
     explains why Henschel Garratt 972 was brought down from            by the NRC recently - was in preparation for launching a
     Gondola to Maputo. Standing outside the museum was a               Challowa-Kano passenger service. Refurbished coaches are
     complete Hitachi railcar.                                          being supplied from Zaria.

     “Apart from the new line laid into Moatize station, the derelict   The loco, writes Phillip Oladunjoye in the Daily Independent,
     locomotives there do not appear to have been touched.              quoting Sijuwade, is a 2,500hp General Electric 7FDL12-
     The survival of the two Mallets is remarkable and given the        cylinder C25-EMPD model weighing 105.9 metric tons, with
     scrapping of all SAR Mallets, they should be preserved, the        a maximum speed capability of 103km/h. “The robustly
     perfect place being the new CFM museum.”                           built locomotive has design adaptability to the corporation’s
                                                                        existing 1,067mm cape gauge. All C25-EMPD locomotive
                                                                        engines were specifically manufactured to be resilient and
                                                                        dependable in tropical domain such as ours. They comply
                                                                        with Nigeria’s weight per axle and clearance characteristics.”

                                                                        In readiness for the Kano launch, Sijuwade said the
                                                                        corporation has completed construction of two new halt
                                                                        stations with platforms in Gandu-Albasa and Zawa-ciki.
                                                                        Signal and telecommunication facilities have been provided
                                                                        between Challowa and Kano, and six level crossings have
                                                                        been equipped with barriers.




                       Preserved loco at Maputo station.
     NAMIBIA
     TRANSNET STRIKE CRIPPLED TRANSNAMIB
     Struggling as it is with serious financial problems,
     TransNamib – the national railway of Namibia – was said
     to be losing N$500,000 every day as a result of the 18-day
     Transnet wage strike in South Africa during May 2010. It
     had a “paralysing impact” on building and mining, with
     supplies of cement and ammonia brought in from South
     Africa at a standstill.
                                                                                              New Nigerian GE loco.
     Under normal circumstances, TransNamib spokesperson,
     Ailly Hangula-Paulino, was quoted saying, between 300              SUDAN
     and 400 Transnet wagons are to be found on the Namibian            NILE VALLEY RAILWAYS
     rail system. While the strike continued, this rolling stock        Citadel Capital, a leading private equity firm in the Middle
     could not be moved back to South Africa, carrying cargo            East and Africa with $US8.3 billion in investments in 15
     such as zinc concentrate from Namibian mines. This resulted        industries spanning 14 countries, has signed a right-of-way
     in “very substantial” losses and commodity shortages.              agreement with the Sudanese Railway Corporation (SRC),
                                                                        the first step in fledgling rail operator Nile Valley Railways’
     NIGERIA                                                            (NVR) entry into the promising Sudanese market. The
     PLIGHT OF NIGERIA’S RAIL PENSIONERS                                agreement will allow NVR to offer freight services on SRC
     According to Nigerian Railways Corporation (NRC) managing          lines under a revenue-sharing agreement. SRC operates
     director, Adeseyi Sijuwade, the verification of pensioners         more than 4,500km of route linking the key coastal city
     begun in November 2009 has created a dependable                    of Port Sudan to Khartoum, Wadi Halfa on the Egyptian
     database reflecting the numerical strength of retirees             border and to South Sudan.
     (19,033) and the financial implications of their unpaid
     pensions. Those who have died were included, through               TANZANIA
     verification of their next-of-kin. He appealed to the              TRL OPERATIONS RESUME
     government to facilitate the payment of arrear railway             Tanzania’s 2,706km Central Line has resumed operations,
     pensions by means of legislation and appropriation during          after completion of emergency repairs following huge
     the second quarter of 2010.                                        damage caused by the El Nino rains that fell towards the
                                                                        end of 2009. Minister for infrastructure, Dr Shukuru
     President Goodluck Ebele Jonathan, Sijuwade said, is               Kawambwa, was quoted by East African Business Week
     favourably disposed to finding lasting solutions to the plight     saying that repairs cost some $US11 million).
     of railway pensioners and hoped that arrears would be paid
     off by the end of 2010. The matter has been dragging on for        LOANS TO TANZANIA
     many years, causing great hardship to retirees. Hundreds,          The African Development Bank (AfDB) has lent Tanzania
     according to representatives struggling on their behalf, died      $US235.45 million to finance infrastructure projects,
     in the interim without seeing monies due to them.                  including a feasibility study on the proposed Tanzania-
                                                                        Rwanda-Burundi standard-gauge railway. Senior finance
     NEW GE LOCO ARRIVES IN KANO                                        ministry official, Ramadhani Kijjah, was quoted saying:
     Nigerian Railway Corporation (NRC) managing director               “The construction of the Isaka-Kigali line in Rwanda and
     Adeseyi Sijuwade has welcomed the safe arrival of the first        Keza-Musongati line in Burundi will contribute to the


12     RAILWAYS AFRICA              May 2010                                                  www.railwaysafrica.com
AFRICA UPDATE


implementation of an efficient and low cost transport                            treasury Likolo Ndalamei, work has been done on 3km
system which will promote regional integration, development                      of line in the shunting yard, and on the terminal building,
of areas of high mining, industrial and agricultural potential”.                 which includes offices for the stationmaster, police, Zambia
He explains that “East Africa’s railways have suffered years                     Revenue Authority and the department of immigration. Water
of mismanagement and underinvestment by government,                              and power utilities have been connected, landscaping has
leaving them dilapidated, inefficient and costly to run.”                        commenced and all the level crossings have been completed.

                                                                                 Preliminary discussions on train services have been held
                                                                                 with government officials from Malawi and Central East
                                                                                 African Railways, (Cear), the concessionaire that runs the
                                                                                 Malawi railway network.

                                                                                 ZIMBABWE
                                                                                 CHINESE LOCOS FOR ZIMBABWE
                                                                                 The National Railways of Zimbabwe (NRZ) has signed a
                                                                                 deal with China North for the supply of 14 diesel-electric
                                                                                 locomotives.

                                                                                 “We are still to finalise payment modalities for the company
                                                                                 to start manufacturing,” NRZ public relations manager
                                                                                 Fanuel Masikati told the Xinhua news agency at the end of
                                                                                 May. There are also “long-term plans” to buy passenger
                                                                                 coaches from China. These would be used on routes
       Derelict coaches at Dar-es-Salaam. Photo: Richard Grönstedt.              linking Harare-Bulawayo, Bulawayo-Beitbridge, Harare-
TUNISIA                                                                          Bindura and Harare-Chinhoyi.
MAGHREB RAIL CONFERENCE IN TUNIS
Representatives of railway companies from the five                               STEAM TO PLUMTREE
Maghreb countries - Algeria, Libya, Morocco, Mauritania                          On 9 May, according to the Chronicle (published in
and Tunisia – participated in a conference in Tunis at the                       Bulawayo), more than 300 people, about 250 of them local
end of May whose theme was “The railway as a vehicle for                         tourists, boarded a special steam safari train on a trial run
Maghreb integration”.                                                            from Bulawayo to Plumtree. “The train departed from
                                                                                 Bulawayo main railway station at 10:00 amid pomp and
Transport    minister,    Abderrahim                                             fanfare,” the paper reported. “The tourists were offered
Zouari, called for unifying technical                                            world-class treatment by the well-organised railway staff.
choices in the Maghreb railway
and high-speed train projects, and                                               “The train arrived in Plumtree at 14:00, where tourists were
recommended the creation of a                                                    treated to a sumptuous lunch which included a braai.
Maghreb institute for the exchange of                                            Guests were treated to entertainment punctuated with
information and sharing of expertise.                                            refreshments and at 15:30 it was time for departure back to
                                                                                 Bulawayo where it docked at 19:00.”
Arab Maghreb Union (Amu) secretary-
general, Habib Ben Yahia, said that
the extension of the Maghreb railway
network, to ultimately link the Libyan
city of Tobruk with the Mauritanian
                                                   Signal technicians at work
capital Nouakchott, has always been
                                                                   in Tunisia.
among the Maghreb’s unification                     Photo: Richard Grönstedt
projects.

UGANDA
RVR IMPROVES FREIGHT SECURITY
Rift Valley Railways (RVR) is enhancing security
measures to ensure safer movement of containers
to the inland container depots (ICD) at Nairobi and Kampala.
To date, RVR acting chief marketing and commercial
manager, James Nganga, explains, 81 container wagons
have been fitted with protective steel bars, including a
complete train of 40 vehicles.
                                                                                              Garratt taking water at Bulawayo. Photo: NRZ.
Theft from containers in transit, according to the Kenya
international freight and warehousing association (Kifwa)                        National Railways of Zimbabwe (NRZ) public relations
and the Kenya shippers’ agents’ association, is masterminded                     manager Fanuel Masikati said this was a trial run ahead
by a cartel that manipulates port clearing systems and                           of the 2010 Soccer World Cup in South Africa: “Steam
breaks into containers. Recent investigations by Kifwa                           engines are popular with tourists and we are going to run
indicate that containers destined for Uganda, Rwanda and                         them more often. The response has been overwhelming as
Burundi are most at risk because of the lengthy time they                        we had people from as far as Harare who came to board
are in transit.                                                                  the train. It is also popular with visitors from the United
                                                                                 Kingdom, Unites States of America, New Zealand and
ZAMBIA                                                                           Australia.” He said there were about 50 bookings from
CHIPATA RAILWAY                                                                  outside the country from tourists who were coming for the
The Zambian government has not yet released the                                  World Cup.
K5 billion to the ministry of works and supply which is
needed to continue construction on the new Chipata-                              Currently NRZ has three operable steam locomotives. It is
Mchinji (Malawi) railway. According to secretary to the                          looking to refurbish seven others.

             www.railwaysafrica.com                                                                      May 2010           RAILWAYS AFRICA       13
SA RAIL NEWS



     South African Rail News
     TRANSNET RESULTS                                                 newly revamped at a cost in excess of R300 million, by
     Transnet Freight Rail (TFR) achieved better-than-expected        acting Metrorail regional manager Lindelo Matya. The VIPs
     results in the financial year to 31 March, despite a decline     then travelled by train to Century City, 9km to the east,
     in export coal traffic and general freight. Revenues rose        where a R450m newly constructed station was officially
     by 11.8% to R20.6 billion in the year ending 31 March, helped    opened on the Monte Vista-Bellville line. The facility is
     by an increased share of the intermodal market and rising        serving as one of several specially designated park-and-
     bulk volumes towards the end of the period.                      ride sites during the 2010 Fifa Soccer World Cup events.

     Export coal volumes decreased by 0.2% to 61.8 million
     tonnes, principally because of operational issues on the
     railway. However, export iron-ore volumes continued
     strongly upwards, rising 21.5% to 44.7 million tonnes - a 41%
     increase over 2005 levels. General freight declined from 78.4
     to 72.1mt.

     A successful cost cutting campaign saw operating expenses
     rising only 3.2% to R13.4 billion.

     CONCESSIONING THE BRANCH LINES
     TFR has confirmed plans to concession under-utilised
     routes to private operators. Expressions of interest were
     invited recently for the operation of 7,300km of branch lines,
     only 3,928km of which are currently operational.                      Cape Town station – revamped at a cost of more than R300 million.

     Each concessionaire will be required to make the necessary
     investment, maintain the lines to agreed standards, and
     operate rail services, which might be freight or passenger,
     or a combination. The possibility of leasing rolling stock to
     concessionaires is being looked at.

     Allen Jorgensen, media and research officer at the Railroad
     Association of SA, was quoted saying: “The conditions
     attached to the concessions have to be attractive enough
     to warrant the extensive capital spend needed to achieve
     commercial viability. In some cases, kilometres of track have
     been stolen and the operators would virtually have to build
     from scratch.”                                                    New R450m station at Century City, Cape Town. Note overhead concourse.
                                                                                                 Photo: Metrorail.
     Jorgensen pointed to the dependence of many lines on
     connectivity with the main-lines: “If your service cannot        STATION OPENS AT MOSES MABHIDA STADIUM
     connect with the Transnet service then your business could       On 7 June, a R140 million new station was opened at
     collapse.” Appointment of a regulator to ensure fairness of      Durban’s Moses Mabhida stadium by transport minister
     competition, he feels, would be “a vital precursor to entering   Sbu Ndebele and KwaZulu-Natal transport MEC Willies
     such private-sector partnerships.”                               Mchunu. Construction began in July 2009. The station
                                                                      will also serve the Absa rugby stadium nearby.
     [Jorgensen, who has published extensively on railways,
     was a director of the former Alfred County Railway (ACR)
     running inland from Port Shepstone - South Africa’s first         CLASS 91 DIESELS IN THE OFS
     experiment (1988) at independent operation of a branch
     line. It closed some years ago and ACR was liquidated in
     2004, in the face of untenable competition from heavy rigs on
     the road – and other reasons which make for uncomfortable
     reading. - Editor]




                                                                       Two class 91 diesel locomotives have been acquired by Rail Road Logistics
                                                                       (RRL) in the OFS, Jacque Wepener reports from Welkom. They were formerly
                                                                       Transnet Freight Rail (TFR) nos 91-011 and 91-012, now RRL 91-01 and 91-02
                                                                       respectively. The original 610mm gauge bogies are still in use – apparently
                       ACR’s popular Banana Express.                   they were cut in half and widened to suit 1,067mm. Each class 91 (GE 700hp
                                                                       type UM6B, 1973) was seen hauling eight loaded hopper cars – about 672
     CAPE TOWN STATION REVAMPED & CENTURY CITY OPENS                   tons altogether - but appeared to be “struggling”. Photo: Jacque Wepener.
     On 8 June, VIPs, including transport minister Sbu Ndebele,        [Subsequently it was reported that at least one reworked axle had failed in
                                                                       service. - Editor]
     were welcomed to an inspection of Cape Town main station,

14     RAILWAYS AFRICA            May 2010                                                       www.railwaysafrica.com
SA RAIL NEWS



GLENCAIRN & SIMON’S TOWN - not yet back on the map
Early in November 2009, exceptional spring tides under-                       “Rock is being sourced from Somerset West and we are
mined Cape Town’s scenic coastal railway to Simon’s Town.                     negotiating with Transnet Freight Rail to convey the material
The 6.3km of single track south of Fish Hoek had to be                        to Simon’s Town. It is hoped to re-open the line during May”.
closed to traffic, with buses substituting for the trains.
                                                                              During much of May, unfortunately, railway staff went out on
                                                                              strike and the line is still not open.




                                                                                Monday 15 March 2010: 10M3 set “H” - one of the first trains to approach
                                                                               Glencairn in nearly four months. The train-replacement bus to Simon’s Town
                                                                                          can be seen on the road above. Photo: Malcolm Bates.




Flashback: the line near Glencairn at Christmas 2009. Photo: Malcolm Bates.
Damage was less extensive along the first 3.6km to the little
station at Glencairn. During February 2010, piles of seasand
                                                                                 End of the line for now: the view south from Glencairn’s single platform.
covering much of the track were removed and test running
                                                                                                             Photo: Paul Kilfoil.
between Fish Hoek to Glencairn commenced. At the time
of going to press, it had not been decided when public
service to Glencairn was to be resumed, but a trainset has
been parked at Glencairn at weekends, Repairs to the line
nearer Simon’s Town will take somewhat longer, with the
cost estimated in the region of R10 million.

On 30 March, Metrorail’s Riana Scott told Railways Africa:
“Approval in principle has been provided to fund the
rehabilitation. The consulting engineers have completed the
design and tenders for the work are in progress. The work
entails repairs to the walls and track formation, concrete
sealing/infill of voids under the wall foundation caused
through scouring by wave action and the provision of a rock
revetment to protect the walls and wall foundations from
                                                                                                        Map courtesy of Metrorail.
wave action.


     COMPELLING INSIGHT FROM ORIGINAL RESEARCH
                                            www.railcorpstrat.com


             www.railwaysafrica.com                                                                      May 2010            RAILWAYS AFRICA                 15
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Railways Africa may 2010

  • 1.
  • 2. Railways Africa PUBLISHERS CONTRIBUTORS SUBSCRIPTIONS Phillippa Dean Andrew Lanham Paul Kilfoil Rates for 10 issues per annum (2010) Barbara Sheat South Africa R464-75 (incl VAT) Ashley Peter Richard Grönstedt Africa R593.35 EDITOR Boon Boonzaaier Shall Ford International R1 229.80 Rollo Dickson Dave van der Meulen (incl. Foreign Exchange) Dietmar Fiedel DESIGN & LAYOUT Send a cheque or money order to: Dylan Knott Railways Africa Grazia Muto Geoff Cooke PO Box 4794 Jacque Wepener RANDBURG 2125 ADVERTISING RSA Sue Klomp Jean Dulez John Batwell Or send an email to SUBSCRIPTIONS Malcolm Bates stationmaster@railwaysafrica.com Kim Bevan ISSN 1029 - 2756 Rail Link Communications cc The copyright on all material in this magazine is expressly reserved and vested in Rail Link Communications cc, P.O. Box 4794 Randburg 2125 unless otherwise stated. No material may be reproduced in any form, in part or in whole, without the permission of the publishers. Please note that the opinions expressed in this magazine are not necessarily those of the publishers of Rail Tel: +27 87 940 9278 Link Communications unless otherwise stated. E-mail: stationmaster@railwaysafrica.com Twitter: railwaysafrica Website: www.railwaysafrica.com Af filiated Associations & Societies RAILWAYS | HARBOURS | INTERMODAL | COMMUTER | MINING 6 – 8 April 2011 EXPO CENTRE – JOHANNESBURG Floorplan NOW OPEN! Call for papers. For further information, rates and booking details contact Phillippa Dean Tel: +27 72 340 5621 Email: phillippa@railwaysafrica.com W W W. R A I LWAY S A N D H A R B O U R S . C O M
  • 3. Comment The 18-day freight rail strike during strike is supposedly over they remain loosened on curves, for instance – May and the largely parallel passenger basically in the same position”. probably account for something like disruption – which began a week later Obviously, he concluded, this is R70 million in making good damage. but took until 1 June before services going to cause job losses - and that’s Four burned out coaches set Prasa normalised – pushed South Africa back an interesting point. Strike-makers back by almost R20 million alone. a great deal more than most people see only today’s paypacket, not the seem to realise. For the first time in diminished number of paypackets Which brings us to the sting in the tail. 150 years, no passenger trains ran tomorrow – nor the inflated cost of South African Transport and Allied anywhere in the entire country. That every commodity, six months down Workers’ Union (Satawu) general went on for seven consecutive days, the line. Raise the price of transport secretary, Zenzo Mahlangu, is quoted causing unprecedented hardship to drastically – by three times the rate of saying the “large increase” has created thousands who could not get to work, inflation, for example - and up goes a basis from which “fair wage deals severely impacting on industry and the price of everything on the table could be signed in future negotiations”. commerce. Agriculture reported severe likewise; costing that much more just to How’s that for some pretty clear writing transport dislocation. The inevitable live, with jobs down and the country’s on the wall? consequence is reduced confidence in economy roundly hammered. the railway and more traffic lost to the road. Where is government to find massive unbudgeted millions, the sort of money Some things are lost forever. Seven needed to meet the huge adjustments days’ worth of seats unsold on agreed (like 12% at Prasa; even more passenger trains, for instance, must at Transnet)? What is the effect going Phillippa Dean represent a small fortune in revenue to be on Prasa, repeatedly bewailing that can never be recovered (not to its desperate shortage of funding, Footnote: Politicians in London are pressing for mention the effect of a further two its antiquated rolling stock? Recent total driverless train operation, to remove what weeks’ very restricted service on many warnings say intercity service will they term the unions’ “stranglehold” and their routes). collapse within two years, failing radical ability to bring the city to a standstill. (See Pete the action. How many jobs are at risk in a Pundit on page 6). South African Shippers’ Council pending Shosholoza Meyl demise – executive director, L M Pelser, listed and what will 12% pay increases be some costly post-strike port realities worth then? (notably at Durban), such as ships offloading containers but sailing minus That isn’t all, of course. To achieve the export boxes that did not make it settlement, the negotiators had their into the vessel-stack on time. arms twisted to grant a R1,000 one- off payment to every employee, “to “Cargo owners,” Pelser was quoted compensate for pay lost during the saying, “could not export or import strike”. On top of that, dirty tricks during during the strike and now that the the strike – derailments caused by rails Contents Gautrain 2 Racec 4 Opinion: Pete the Pundit 6 Industry Comment 8 Comfortable, quiet, New CEO for Cape Town station Africa Update 10 fast – and now legal RACEC revamped & Century SA Rail News 14 > Page 2 > Page 4 City opens > Page 14 Gautrain Update 18 Mishaps & Blunders 24 Stamp Special 30 Review 32 Railway Heritage 34 End of the Line 36 Gautrain construction Derailments during Zambia’s Bushtracks update transnet strike changes loco > Page 18 > Page 24 > Page 34 www.railwaysafrica.com May 2010 RAILWAYS AFRICA 1
  • 4. GAUTRAIN GAUTRAIN : Comfortable, quiet, fast – and now legal On 2 June, Railways Africa had a second opportunity to “We have done it just in time, with eight days to go to the start ride Gautrain: a comfortable, quiet and fast seven minutes of the 2010 Fifa World Cup,” deputy minister Cronin pointed from Marlboro to OR Tambo International. The occasion was out, but emphasised that the Gautrain contract had been a function in the airport station, where Bombela Operating signed before the event was awarded to South Africa, and Company CEO, Alain Esteve, received the Railway Safety had never been a World Cup project. Regulator’s safety permit from deputy minister of transport Jeremy Cronin. He quoted Passenger Rail Agency of South Africa (Prasa) CEO Lucky Montana’s observation that South Africa had “This is the critical moment when Gautrain graduates from missed out on several technical “renaissances” in the world its construction phase to being an operating railway,” Cronin of transport. With initiatives such as Gautrain, however, the explained. Conceding that he had been critical of the project country could begin to catch up. in the past and had some “minor reservations”, he said he was not going to be a “party pooper” at this stage: “I share MORE GAUTRAINS ELSEWHERE? along with all of you the excitement at what we are doing here People from elsewhere in South Africa can be expected to with Gautrain and the steps we are taking with the project.” want similar “wonderful coaches” in their own areas, Cronin said and he saw no reason why similar levels of technology A “FANTASTIC RIDE” could not be implemented elsewhere. Cronin commented on the train’s ability to travel at 160km/h and said it was a “fantastic ride”, adding: “The Gautrain A spokesman for the Railway Safety Regulator (RSR) agency has driven this with tremendous passion and skill.” explained that although physically Gautrain differs from other rail systems in South Africa, the standards set for it are There were many positive things that could be said about just as stringent. the project, he continued. It is probably the largest public- private-participation programme happening in South Africa, RSR CEO, Mosenngwa Mofi, congratulated Bombela on and everyone involved had learned a lot: “Clearly, in the fulfilling its legal obligations including the approved safety provision of major infrastructure, this is the way we have to management system. He said: “We remain positive that our go, so in this, Gautrain has played a pioneering role”. collective efforts at improving safety will lead to a Gautrain that is safe, secure and on track.” Authorising the system to carry fare-paying passengers meant that Gautrain was now up and running – and fully legal 2 RAILWAYS AFRICA May 2010 www.railwaysafrica.com
  • 5. GAUTRAIN Deputy transport minister Jeremy Cronin and Alain Esteve, CEO of the Bombela Operating Company proudly display Gautrain's Railway Safety certificate. Railways Africa www.railwaysafrica.com / / / www.railwaysafrica.com May 2010 RAILWAYS AFRICA 3
  • 6. RACEC New CEO for RACEC On 31 May 2010, Charles John Harrod retired as chief Gary Lee Harrod executive officer of Racec Group Ltd. He has held this position since 2002 and steps down after a long and successful career with the company spanning 31 years. Charles Harrod began his career at the South African Transport Services (Sats – now Transnet Freight Rail) in 1966 as draughtsman in the chief electrical engineer’s office. He left Sats in 1975 and joined the electrical contracting division of Racec four years later, in Johannesburg. His responsibilities were primarily railway electrification design and construction projects, later expanded into township reticulation, transmission line erection and underground locomotive line projects. Charles Harrod set up Racec‘s electrical division in 1987, which afterwards expanded into the Eastern Cape and subsequently became Racec Electrification. GROWTH WITH STABILITY Racec Electrification has grown into the major electrical reticulation contractor in the Western and Southern Cape, as well as being an important contributor to the success of the Racec group. In December 1988, Charles Harrod, together with key members of management, supported by Standard Corporate and Merchant Bank, successfully achieved a management buy-out of the group from Metkor. going ahead in the near future. “So projects are coming together, and even during the tough economic times, we Charles was instrumental in Racec’s listing on the JSE have managed to retain our skills. Racec has a reputation to Alternative Exchange in 2007. His successful conclusion be proud of; we deliver on time and our quality is excellent,” of several acquisitions since listing has added significant he says. value to Racec. During this time, the group has diversified its activities from pure platelaying into the electrification ABOUT GARY LEE HARROD: sector and has broadened its presence throughout South Gary Harrod was granted a Grinaker bursary in 1990 Africa and into Africa. to study at the University of Cape Town. He holds a BSc in construction management and has completed a Charles will continue to serve as a non-executive director construction management programme at the University of of Racec, consulting on strategic and operational matters. Stellenbosch MBA School. He is married with two children. IN SAFE HANDS Joining Racec Electrification in 1998 as contracts manager, Gary Lee Harrod succeeds Charles, his appointment Gary was responsible for the supervision and co-ordination becoming effective on 1 June 2010. “I am looking forward of multiple construction projects, and the implementation to the future. While we haven’t been left unscathed by the of newly legislated government and company policies. He recession and it’s by no means over, the future is looking has been actively involved in the overall management of much better.” Reflecting on his career at Racec, Gary, the Racec group, of which he has been a director (as well concludes there have been a number of highlights, but he as managing director of subsidiary Racec Electrification) is particular proud of his involvement in the listing process. since 2002. A number of infrastructure projects, previously on hold, are 4 RAILWAYS AFRICA May 2010 www.railwaysafrica.com
  • 7. SAL “THE SUPERIOR” LOCOMOTIVE CONTROL UNIT n The SAL system is applicable to any locomotive produced, n Ancillary hardware exchange within five (5) days. such as GE, GM, Alstom, Bombardier and others. n Applicable to all Multi-Engine (Gen-set) n The Man Machine Interface (MMI) will be programmed to Locomotive Technologies!! display in ANY language. n The SAL system is the most advanced, complete and n The installation of the system will be adapted and designed cost effective Locomotive Intelligent Monitoring system specifically to customers requirements. by Microprocessor and Telemetry through GPRS on the market today! n Installed and operating successfully in Class 1 Railways on EMD & GE locomotives. n Eliminates approximately 85% of relays in Electrical Cabinet. (Subject to locomotive manufacturer) n MU, Control Stand, in engine room located sensors and devices, wiring harnesses are supplied. n Required transducers and mounting hardware kits supplied. n Complete system support by phone, web conference or on site by our Engineers. n 20 years total system support. GM291_AP Presslink SPEED MEASUREMENT AND LIMITING USING TELEMETRY THROUGH GPRS TOTAL LOGIC CONTROL DECREASING NUMBER OF RELAYS UP TO 85%* AXLE GENERATOR * SUBJECT TO LOCOMOTIVE MANUFACTURER DIGITAL EXCITATION CONTROL (MOTORING AND DYNAMIC BREAK) COMPLETE INTELLIGENT MONITORING SYSTEM BY MICROPROCESSOR COMPLETE ENGINE PROTECTION THROUGH SPEED, TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE MONITORING MAN-MACHINE INTERFACE FULL PROTECTION FOR DYNAMIC BREAK GRID zeit EVENT RECORDER DIGITAL COMMUNICATION WITH OPEN PROTOCOL ADHESION CONTROL AND TRACTION MOTORS PROTECTION COMPLETE POWER CONTROL AXLE ALTERNATOR REAL DIESEL FUEL CONSUMPTION MEASUREMENT PROTECTION AND CONTROL OF AUXILIARY EQUIPMENTS (COMPRESSOR, BLOWER, AUXILIAR GENERATOR, ETC) Tel: +001 (450) 424 4112 Fax: +001 (450) 424 4026 730 Cite des Jeunes Saint Lazare PQ J7T 2BS Canada info.rmr@railroadbusiness.com www.railroadbusiness.com
  • 8. OPINION PETE THE PUNDIT at the RAILWAY SALE-ROOMS, ABOARD THE FASTEST TRAIN IN AFRICA AND ON THE DOWNSIDE OF STRIKES It isn’t every day you can buy locomotives, passenger Its cruel, that’s what it is, and chanting “the right to strike coaches, freight wagons and other railway items too is enshrined in the constitution” rubs salt into an already numerous to mention on auction. However, once a month nasty wound. for auctioning off desirable railway assets isn’t bad going. In fact, it’s good to know that people still pay money for At the other end of the scale, there are well-to-do entities railway artefacts; far too many go out at night and help bearing the brunt of weeks of determined inaction that themselves. has absolutely nothing to do with them. Such as Rovos Rail, in which one man (who invested all he had in what started For instance, all 382 wagons on offer at Transnet Freight out as a pipe-dream) has single-handedly done more for Rail’s sale that closed on 13 April were sold, Peter South African tourism than almost anyone we know. Bagshawe tells us. There was a loco too - class 14E 14- 102 - though little more than a body-shell and frames were According to Rohan Vos, who has single-handedly created left, this being an accident casualty. The interior had been employment for hundreds, “The strike cost us dearly. We gutted and bogies were not included. had to cancel two complete journeys to Cape Town. We had to leave trains in Kimberley and fly people out. That Other bargain lots included happened to two trains. And we had to leave a train in seven Toyota rail trolleys, Durban.” This was due to Transnet staff not coming to work a Suzuki Samurai road/rail and locomotives not being available. “Signals were not trolley (all non-runners) and working, all sorts of things. It’s been a hugely difficult time a working Plasser SBR7411 for us,” Vos told the press. rail ballast regulator with spares. A 1979 Funkey According to a Sapa report, Vos said the company had inspection trolley remained received numerous claims for costs, which it was honouring. unsold. At the auction which Loco 14-102 at Deelfontein on 26 October closed on 27 May 2010, 60 2005, after the Blue Train and the Trans- Perhaps we should be grateful to Maria Ramos for taking wagons went for R1,520,000, Karoo went bump in the night. SAA out of Transnet – otherwise the planes wouldn’t have together with an historic Photo: Die Burger. been flying either. (though burned out) 1937 2M1 motor coach converted for driver training. Two 1958 LOOK MA, NO DRIVERS - AND NO STRIKES class 31 (GE U12B) diesel locos - 31-025 and 041 - are Recalling there were 20 days of UK rail strikes between 31 believed to have fetched R131,000. December 2005 and 23 December 2009, the Conservative group on the London Assembly has made a proposal to city Eight L1T coaches were knocked down for R175,000. executive mayor Boris Johnson: Make all the London tube trains driverless, fire all the drivers (thereby avoiding strike disruptions) and save £141 million annually in wages. The Victoria and Central lines already use driverless technology, it is pointed out – as well as London’s Docklands Light Rail system. Removing drivers on other lines, it is suggested “would end the stranglehold militant unions have on the city’s tube network and seriously curtail their ability to bring London to a standstill. Driverless trains offer a safer, faster, more efficient level of service.” FASTEST TRAIN IN AFRICA The L1T coaches were part of the mid-eighties’ “Metroblitz” trains which linked Pretoria and Johannesburg in 42 minutes, reaching speeds of 160km/h. By way of comparison, Gautrain is to link Pretoria and Johannesburg in 42 minutes, reaching speeds of 160km/h. Snap! TRANSNET STRIKE COSTS ROVOS One can understand workers wanting to strike over differences with their employers. A growing number of people, however, find it difficult to reconcile so-called industrial action when it brings unimaginable hardship to innocent people who do not deserve its consequences. This is especially the case when hundreds of thousands Sorry guys: At 160km/h, Gautrain is not the fastest in are prevented from getting to work. Most victims are from Africa: all those press stories got it wrong. Alstom Prima II the poorest sector of the population, those to whom finding locomotives like this have been hauling 15-car Moroccan extra travelling money means even less on a table that trains at 160km/h since around 2008. Typical schedule: may be little more than bare at the best of times. And Rabat 13:25, Casablanca (91km) 14:30. Average 140km/h. adding an hour or two to an already overlong daily journey Current construction envisages TGV-type trains running at makes life just that much more unbearable. 320km/h by 2015. 6 RAILWAYS AFRICA May 2010 www.railwaysafrica.com
  • 9.
  • 10. INDUSTRY COMMENT Railway logistics Dave van der Meulen, managing member, Railway Corporate Strategy CC TYPES OF FREIGHT logistics. Their fixed guideways Freight falls into two fundamental categories. First there is constrain the scope of movements in low-value, high-density freight, typically bulk agricultural which they can naturally participate: or mineral commodities prior to beneficiation. If the vehicle Participation at higher levels is profile is sufficiently large, it achieves heavy axle load on therefore at the discretion of logistics rail with relative ease. Secondly there is high value, low- integrators at these levels. density freight, typically intermediate or finished goods. As a rule, the higher the value added, the less dense the Consider now the time value of common bulk commodities. goods, though display and protective packaging contribute Prices per ton range from iron ore @ $US100-110, coal @ to reducing density. It is often challenging to achieve a $150-200, to maize @ $150-300, while real discount rates heavy axle load on rail with high value-added freight. range from 3% to 5% per annum. The time value per hour is therefore (discount rate)/(24x365): Dividing any discount In South Africa, and seemingly only in South Africa as a rate by 8,760 renders it negligible - a small fraction of one Google search will show, one comes across the term rail- cent per ton per hour, even at maximum price and rate. Such friendly freight. What does it mean? Freight is lifeless and freight typically moves from stockpile to stockpile, or silo to therefore cannot be friendly: Only people can be friendly. In silo, at the natural speed of the applicable transport mode. logistics, the freight owner or his agent is the customer, and the railway is a service provider. By the nature of business It is thus natural that heavy-haul railways should align relationships, the customer’s friendliness will recognise the themselves to business that demands a comparatively supplier with the best offering. Disappointingly, one seldom low level of logistics integration. Other than occasional comes across the reciprocal term, logistics-friendly rail. It is opportunities for direct loading to vessels, rail transport therefore useful to reflect on how freight railways relate to of bulk commodities is therefore largely decoupled from freight logistics. other activities in the logistics chain. Possibly lumpy integration can work because the time value of commodities RAILWAYS IN THE WORLD OF LOGISTICS transported in this way is low. Consider first the logistics industry hierarchy from the perspective of the level of integration provided by its Furthermore, volumes are so large that direct rail access members. First party logistics concerns the consignor at the points of origin and destination is taken for granted. or consignee, one of which owns the freight and possibly Such “door-to-door” rail service is frequently difficult to the means of transport as well. A second party logistics realise with high-value freight, which therefore gravitates to provider is an asset-based carrier that actually owns the road - unless the axle load is sufficiently high, and the haul means of transport, and which may offer limited value-added distance sufficiently long, to offset the cost of intermodal services such as track-and-trace. A third party logistics transshipment to or from rail at one or more intermediate provider, in addition to transport, offers basic value- nodes. added services, such as warehousing, pick-and-pack, and distribution. It owns at least one of them, and may contract IMPLICATIONS FOR RAIL the remainder to other parties, but it is not independent. A How does one achieve fundamental railway competitiveness, fourth party logistics provider is an independent, non-asset- and how does it relate to the logistics industry? Consider based integrator of a client’s supply and demand chains. now the degrees of freedom of movement of transport modes, ie on how many mutually perpendicular axes a The more a logistics service provider is asset-based, the mode can move simultaneously. lower its level of integration; and the less a logistics service provider is asset-based, the higher its level of integration. Air transport supports three degrees of freedom of The implications for railways are clear: Their asset movement - forward, lateral, and vertical. At a price, it can intensiveness naturally positions them in second party offer high origin-destination flexibility and short journey SISHEN (861 km) VAAL RIVER times. The latter stem not only from its inherently high KARASBURG speed, but also from its ability to minimise route distance by UPINGTON VROLIK (791 km) ROOILYF VAAL RIVER KIMBERLEY flying great circle routes over natural obstacles, eg Chicago to Delhi over the Arctic Ocean. Hence, air transport ideally ORANGE RIVER AGGENEYS PADDAGAT ORANGE RIVER KOLKE (531 KM) complements high-integration logistics management for high-value freight. Surface transport sacrifices the vertical PRIESKA ORANGE RIVER HALFWEG (445 KM) SOUS (371 KM) degree of freedom of movement. In so doing, it reduces BITTERFONTEIN KANAKIES (274 KM) CARNARVON DE AAR the cost of transport, but the remaining two degrees of ATLANTIC CALVINIA ROSMEAD freedom, forward and lateral, require it to overcome surface OCEAN KNERSVLAK (183 KM) obstacles, eg circumnavigating the Cape of Good Hope between Europe and Asia, and passing mountain ranges LAMBERTS BAY KREEFBAAI (91 KM) OLIFANTS RIVER BEAUFORT WEST ELANDS BAY DWARSKERSBOS (41 KM) and bridging watercourses over land. This pitches surface SALDANHA BAY PIKETBERG transport at lower value freight, or tends to confine its WORCESTER OUDTSHOORN contribution to high-integration logistics management for high-value freight to local collection or delivery. Guided ROBERTSON PORT ELIZABETH RIVERSDALE GEORGE CAPETOWN PAARL MOSSEL BAY INDIAN OCEAN surface transport further sacrifices the lateral degree of freedom of movement - the remaining single degree of freedom only allows a vehicle to move forward (and SISHEN - SALDANHALINE OTHER RAILWAYS backward) on its guideway. This constrains the amount of value that high-integration logistics management can add, KM 100 200 400 but can deliver lowest transport cost in high volume corridors. South Africa’s 861km heavy-haul export iron ore line from Sishen to Saldanha. 8 RAILWAYS AFRICA May 2010 www.railwaysafrica.com
  • 11. INDUSTRY COMMENT A natural affinity between the degrees of freedom of movement of a transport mode, and the level of logistics The only intermodal integration that it can support, is therefore evident. load unit that has gained critical mass in global KEY QUESTIONS logistics thus far is the Confinement to a guideway is not necessarily insur- container, usually to ISO mountable. Indeed, while a fixed guideway does challenge standards. Note, however, the logistics of high-value freight movements, it concurrently that the North American offers attractive opportunities in particular applications. market considers 40-foot The presence of a guideway supports precise application ISO containers small, Bi-modal: a “Roadrailer” in Australia. of wheel loads, secure lateral direction, and combination hence emergence there of vehicles into trains. These characteristics underlie the of the larger 48-foot and 53-foot US domestic genetic technologies bearing, guiding, and coupling, that containers. ISO containers have a lock on the maritime give railways an unbeatable competitive advantage in market, so will likely prevail there for a long time. However, particular market spaces. as continental and intercontinental rail landbridges have emerged, and continue to emerge, it will be interesting to Regarding freight rail, bearing and coupling support heavy observe whether US domestic containers become a global haul. Bearing, coupling, and guiding support double- railway standard on routes that have no maritime sector. stacked containers (think of it as heavy-haul with a dash of speed). Two other prominent combinations are high-speed intercity and urban rail, but passenger rail is outside the scope of this piece. Heavy-haul has already made its mark in South Africa, and to a lesser extent elsewhere in Africa. Double-stacking of containers is at once conspicuous by its absence from Africa, and an opportunity to enter a logistics market space where rail walks tall. South African container train near Swartruggens. Photo: Eugene Armer. Double-stacking of containers in the USA: a concept conspicuous by its CONCLUSION absence from Africa. Where is rail logistics in South Africa headed? Most high- value freight has already left rail. Judging by the number SOME CRITICAL INSIGHTS of side-tipper interlinks seen on the roads, even heavy The foregoing analysis has not introduced any novel bulk commodities are moving to road. The fundamentals concepts, but simply set out to explore effective of logistics are not going to adapt to suit railways in Africa. railway positioning from a logistics perspective, so that Can the converse happen, ie can railways in Africa become stakeholders may direct their aspirations and efforts logistics-friendly? appropriately. As a caution, it is worth noting that over the years there have been several attempts, possibly The foregoing discussion has indicated how railways can misguided, to re-jig the natural relation between logistics fit into a national freight logistics task, or relate even and railways. In principle, they have sought to combine further afield to continental and intercontinental horizons. the origin-destination flexibility of road with the long-haul Freight railways need to align the category of traffic they economy of rail. convey with an appropriate level of logistics integration. The strong performance of heavy-haul and double-stacking in They include bi-modal systems such as RoadRailer and the global railway renaissance rests on mutually supportive RailRunner (United States), multiple units for containers alignment between level of logistics integration and rail such as CargoSprinter (diesel, Germany) and Super Rail competitiveness. Cargo (electric, Japan), automated single vehicles such as CargoMover (Germany), and swap bodies (Europe). Bi- That does not mean that there are no other areas of rail modal systems tend to need fixed routes with balanced logistics that could work. It does however suggest that traffic flows to ensure that bogie or vehicle turnaround areas exist where natural rail competitiveness is not a cycles remain balanced. However, for this reason they are good fit with the logistics challenges at hand. Before not as flexible as many lay people believe: not one has yet attempting to position freight railways where they could developed critical mass in mainstream logistics. not compete effectively, stakeholders would do well to recall Emerson’s assertion that nothing great was ever Reflection on the relation between level of logistics achieved without great enthusiasm. As yet, there is no integration and degrees of freedom of movement suggests empirical evidence in Africa of enthusiasm for a new take where proponents of the above mentioned concepts may on aligning logistics and railways. have lost the plot. Logistically, they try to elevate rail service beyond its natural level of integration. Technically, they fail It would therefore be useful to recognise the inherent to achieve axle loads significantly higher than road, which is limitations and opportunities of competitive railway logistics not a sound foundation for rail competitiveness. While other and then take the fight to issues that can potentially explanations may exist, it is evident that there is prima facie reposition freight railways in Africa and South Africa for mismatch between their level of logistics integration and competitiveness and sustainability. railway competitiveness. www.railwaysafrica.com May 2010 RAILWAYS AFRICA 9
  • 12. AFRICA UPDATE ALGERIA various regions of the country. Replying to suggestions that ALGERIAN 5-YEAR RAIL PROGRAMME many construction projects undertaken by China in Africa Nearly $US38 billion has been allocated as part of Algeria’s have run into problems, Shen Jiru of the Chinese Academy public investment programme for 2010-2014 to promote of Social Sciences is quoted saying: “We are providing overall development in the transport sector. The main free-interest loans and aid, and we are a reliable backup for objective is to upgrade and extend the railway network Africa’s economic development.” between 2012 and 2015. Electric tramways are to be built in 14 towns. Part of the national reconstruction process Ethiopian President Meles Zenawi defends the railway deal, launched ten years ago, the complete programme involves saying “It’s in their (China’s) interest to spend tens of billions a budget of $US286 billion for 2010-2014. of dollars in Africa and it’s in our interest to have access to those tens of billions of dollars.” BOTSWANA TRANS-KALAHARI RAILWAY Consultants undertaking a pre-feasibility study into the proposed 1,500km Trans-Kalahari Railway (TKR) are expected to report by October. It is now suggested that the line should start at Lobatse and run through western Botswana to Walvis Bay in Namibia. The World Bank and the governments of Botswana and Namibia are involved, but it is expected that the $US1.4 billion project will be funded mainly by the private sector. Entities interested in the scheme include Canada’s Hana Mining, whose Ghantsi project has impressive resources in copper and silver. Its plans for commercial production in 2015 would prefer a cost-effective route to an Atlantic port. Locos at Dire Dawa on the existing 781km metre-gauge Ethio-Djibouti Railway, Australian company Discovery Metals Limited (DML), which CFDE (Chemin de fer Djibouti-Ethopien). Photo: Dietmar Fiedel. is developing its Boseto Copper Project, would also use the proposed line as an export route. It foresees producing 3m GHANA tonnes of copper annually, starting in December 2011. GHANA: TEMA RAIL ON TARGET Current upgrading of the 10km Accra-Tema line should CIC Energy, which is developing an export coal mine and be completed by July 2010, says resident engineer Enyo coal-fired power station in eastern Botswana, hopes to Matrevi. Work is about 50% finished (as far as Asoprochona), produce between 16 million and 17 million tonnes of export with the team working “round the clock” to meet the quality coal for the European market. schedule. The project, transport minister Mike Hamah explains, is in line with government plans to improve the EGYPT country’s railway, an important objective being to ease EGYPT TO SPEND E£40BN traffic congestion. Extension of the suburban lines to A 10-year plan has been launched by the Egyptian Railway include the Accra-Winneba, Achimota and Nsawam sections Authority (ERA) involving development projects worth E£40 is also set down as part of the immediate to medium-term billion over the period 2011-2020. These are to include the phase. building of several new lines, according to a report in the Al-Mal newspaper, which points out that the existing network A feasibility study is being undertaken to extend – in the is focused on the Nile delta area. Essentially, most lines long term - the western line northwards to Paga on the radiate from Cairo. border with Burkina Faso. More than $US2 billion is to be injected into the rail system to facilitate the movement of goods along the 306km Accra-Koforidua-Kumasi line. KENYA KENYA RE-TENDERS BUILDING OF THE NEW RAILWAY The first attempt by Kenya Railways Corporation to appoint experts to design the proposed new standard gauge line failed because their quotations exceeded the amount budgeted by government. According to press reports, “the project to design a new railway between Mombasa and Malaba with a branch line to Kisumu attracted interest Egyptian train at a station in Cairo. from 16 firms.” A tender was in fact accepted and a contract ETHIOPIA awarded to the Italian firm Italferr but it was cancelled soon CHINESE HELP FOR RAIL BUILDING IN ETHIOPIA afterwards, “when the corporation realised the successful A loan of more than $US100 million from China is to help bid at Sh1.2 billion was above the government’s Sh700 Ethiopia build railways linking the capital, Addis Abeba, to million-budget.” 10 RAILWAYS AFRICA May 2010 www.railwaysafrica.com
  • 13. AFRICA UPDATE AFRICA UPDATE TRL director general Narasimhaswami Jayaram company According to the same source, “A South Korean said that RVR commercial manager new diesel-electric Geoffrey including the acquisition of 40 in Kampala, multiple- two goods trains comprising 23 wagons would be conveying was awarded the tender by an evaluation committee but Tindimwebwa saysthis, rates will still would be than those unit trainsets. Of the $200 million be lower raised by various commodities including second team that gave the that decision was quashed by a cement from the Tanga charged an infrastructure bond and“Our rest would come issuing by road freight hauliers. the rates have been Cement Company. contract to the Italians.” steady since last October before the fuel prices rose andnew from the government’s annual budget. The design of a the price of steel spiralled,” he points out, whereas the truckers line linking Jomo Kenyatta International Airport to the city TAZARA The parliamentary committee on infrastructure and raise rates every time the fuel price changes. “Also, we have centre is complete. transport chaired by Matungu MP, David Were, it is reported, TAZARA TARIFFS UPPED had a negative result from the weakening dollar as most of New investigate the legality of the cancellation. is to fares applicable on the Tanzania-Zambia Railway came our rates are in that currency. It has been losing value, while into effect on 1 July. Ticket prices on ordinary passenger the prices of our inputs have been going up.” An official who did not want to be quoted told Business trains as well as the Tazara Express went up 20% while parcels and luggage rates that out of the 16 bidsfrom Dar- Daily (published in Nairobi) rose 30%. Travellers received, ZAMBIA es-Salaam in Tanzania to Kapiri Mposhi in “Some of thepay only two firms met KRC’s requirements. Zambia now 14 RSZ TAKEN TO TASK Tsh72,600 ($US72) questioned the the Tazara Express, up bidders, however, in first class on integrity of the tender In an editorial, The Times of Zambia takes Rail Systems of evaluation process, claiming that their financial bid from Tsh60,500 ($US60). Zambia (RSZ), the concessionaire running Zambian Railways, documents had been tampered with even after they were to task for buying “brand new motor vehicles worth $US1.4 To Makambako (Iringa) from stages. ‘I received a costs eliminated in the preliminary Dar-es-Salaam now letter million”, while apparently falling short in service delivery. Tsh29,000 me that instead ofhad been unsuccessful,’ said informing ($US29) my bid Tsh24,200 ($US24). To Rujewa “While the company has every right to purchase vehicles for a bidder who cannot be named because he plans to take (Mbeya) the fare is now Tsh29,900 ($US29) instead of operations, we feel their priorities are misplaced,” the paper part in future tendering. What surprised me was that our Tsh24,900 ($US24). writes. financial bid envelope appeared to have been opened after we had been disqualified.’” Tazara managing director Clement Subulwa Mwiya points “Gone are the days,”Nairobi commuter train. the railway network it laments, “when out thatMay company’s policy is to adjust tariffs project is On 18 the it was announced that the design annually. was the most reliable mode of transport in Zambia. “It was so GUINEA High operational costs are beinguntil 25 June to makein the being retendered. Bidders had experienced, notably their reliable SERVICE ON GUINEA LINEline was Zambia’s favourite PUBLIC and cheap, that the rail REVIVED wage bill and A notice in local newspapersdiesel. Tazara is submissions. the continually rising cost of said the tender mode of transport, offloadingand Liberia have agreed to The governments of Guinea goods and passengers in upgrading its facilities at a cost of $US10 million, he says, is for preliminary design, environmental and social impact remote BSG Resources (Guinea) Ltd mining joint venture to permit areas where roads were inaccessible. and 18 locomotives are for the proposed currently whose assessment services being rehabilitated railway, build a new iron ore export line from the Simandou area of construction is to begin in 2012. “The failure Guinea to provide safetyLiberian coast. In return, south-east by RSZ to Didia on the and reliability has forced UGANDA many Zambians to abandon rail transport in general freight the firm has agreed to revive passenger and preference for MAIN-LINE AT JINJA REOPENS RAILWAY SQUATTERS OBSTRUCT NAIROBI the faster and more reliable road transport. ItChemins dethat service on the 662km metre-gauge line of was hoped fer The main-line to around NairobiKenya, closed near JinjaRift slum area Kampala from is a huge problem to on when Zambia Railways was concessioned to RSZ, things de Guinée (CFG). 14 May following the collapse of an in the way of ambitious Valley Railways (RVR) – and stands embankment due to a would change for the better.” government plans to provide a fast, substantially upgraded blocked culvert, was reopened to traffic on 16 June. During Brazilian mining firm Vale announced a $US2.5bn deal in the four weeks that thepresent, trains inoperable, freight was commuter service. At line remained cannot move safely at [RSZ in terms of sorely run-down system a 51% is taking in April inherited a which it has acquired which interest a speeds above 20km/h. offloaded at Iganga and taken forward by road. According great deal of holds and money to put right. Theto significant BSG, which time half the concession rights rosy past of to Rift Valley Railways (RVR) project manager Glenn Kleyn, railways in thesources dates back to the days when it was undeveloped country of high-grade iron ore that could quoted by New Vision (published in Kampala) RVR general The Nation, published in the city, quotes a new three- called Northern Rhodesia – but nobody Though Simandou is support a long-term mining project. will want to remember manager for the eastern region, James Nyambari, saying metre diameter galvanised iron culvert has been installed, that. – editor] nearest access to the Atlantic is the coast in Guinea, the to provide adequate outlet the stormwater togarbage on the “the biggest headache is for dumping of drain into Lake of Liberia. Victoria, about a kilometre downstream. to remove the trash track. People are employed almost daily from the railway and then wagons are used to take it away.” The CFG line connects the capital Conakry on the coast Kleyn said the repair work was being done at mile 323. In to 4 - 6 March 2009 the Upper Niger and Kankan regions. The first 36km of Cape Town addition, overflows onto investigating a structure at mile 289 Sewage the company is the track in some areas, making route out of Conakry has seen occasional use but the towards Busembatia. resulting in wheel slip. Sometimes, it muddy and slippery, remainder has seen no service in 15 years. Additional rights because of this, RVR has to double up locomotives to ZIMBABWE at Simandou are held by Rio Tinto, which to exploit ore “It (mile 289) is not in any alternatively, trains but we are obtain sufficient traction or immediate danger have to be signed a “non-binding” memorandum of understanding NEW Chinalco in March 2010, agreeing to establish a joint investigating and drawing up designs,” he told the issued by split in two at Kibera station. A 30-day deadline paper. with NRZ SERVICE the government on 21 March, requiring people to move The National Railways of Zimbabwe (NRZ) has introduced venture covering the development and operation of mines from railway property, came and went. Kenyan director of a new weekly passenger service to Chicualacuala, 500km plus associated rail and port infrastructure. UGANDA RATES INCREASE Amnesty International, Justus Nyang’aya, estimating that south-east of Bulawayo on the line to Maputo. The existing Rift Valley Railways (RVR) asked increased freight rates 50,000 people are involved, has for an extension saying: Wednesday train to Chiredzi has been rescheduled to leave MOZAMBIQUE between Mombasa and Kampala proposed mass evictions “Without proper safeguards, the from $US80 per tonne to Bulawayo at 14:00 on Wednesday instead of 21:00. Arriving MOZAMBIQUE RAILWAY MUSEUM $110.have a managing director Roy Puffet explained in July: will Former devastating impact on people’s access to at 04:00 on Thursday, it the World 05:00 torecently visited Dr John Middleton of returns at Bank Mbizi junction, “The tariff adjustment was driven by continued upward costs water, sanitation, food and schools and could well create a and continues from there to Chicualacuala. Following a Maputo and Moatize on business. He reported on sar-L: of energy, petroleum products and steel. The price of diesel humanitarian emergency.” 14:00 station at Maputoback to Bulawayo, arriving clean but “The departure, it runs always seems neat and on Friday has gone up by 24% in the last eight months and there is morning. The Chiredzi-Bulawayo April wasretains its former a pleasant surprise found on 18 service the construction double digit inflation as well as dollar revaluation”. managing A recently completed study, says Kenya Railways timing on railway museum, although this has not yet opened. of a CFM other days of the week. director Nduva Muli, established it will cost about $US250 It is being created on the four bay-platform tracks at the million to revamp the commuter rail service in Nairobi, west end of the station. All four are under the overall roof Thermitrex (Pty) Ltd Tel: +27 (0)11 914 2540 www.thermitrex.co.za 18 RAILWAYS AFRICA 3 | 2008 www.railwaysafrica.com www.railwaysafrica.com May 2010 RAILWAYS AFRICA 11
  • 14. AFRICA UPDATE with the inner two within a building. Various hoardings of the new GE locomotives at Kano. He was quoted saying: have been erected describing the work and the overall “The arrival of the locomotive engine in Kano signifies the impression is of a well thought-out project. So far the success of the first steps in our efforts towards launching a only large exhibits are three magnificently restored teak new era in rail transport system in Nigeria.” bodied coaches and a van. Staff at the station indicated that locomotives would also be included and this probably The delivery of the unit from Lagos - one of five received explains why Henschel Garratt 972 was brought down from by the NRC recently - was in preparation for launching a Gondola to Maputo. Standing outside the museum was a Challowa-Kano passenger service. Refurbished coaches are complete Hitachi railcar. being supplied from Zaria. “Apart from the new line laid into Moatize station, the derelict The loco, writes Phillip Oladunjoye in the Daily Independent, locomotives there do not appear to have been touched. quoting Sijuwade, is a 2,500hp General Electric 7FDL12- The survival of the two Mallets is remarkable and given the cylinder C25-EMPD model weighing 105.9 metric tons, with scrapping of all SAR Mallets, they should be preserved, the a maximum speed capability of 103km/h. “The robustly perfect place being the new CFM museum.” built locomotive has design adaptability to the corporation’s existing 1,067mm cape gauge. All C25-EMPD locomotive engines were specifically manufactured to be resilient and dependable in tropical domain such as ours. They comply with Nigeria’s weight per axle and clearance characteristics.” In readiness for the Kano launch, Sijuwade said the corporation has completed construction of two new halt stations with platforms in Gandu-Albasa and Zawa-ciki. Signal and telecommunication facilities have been provided between Challowa and Kano, and six level crossings have been equipped with barriers. Preserved loco at Maputo station. NAMIBIA TRANSNET STRIKE CRIPPLED TRANSNAMIB Struggling as it is with serious financial problems, TransNamib – the national railway of Namibia – was said to be losing N$500,000 every day as a result of the 18-day Transnet wage strike in South Africa during May 2010. It had a “paralysing impact” on building and mining, with supplies of cement and ammonia brought in from South Africa at a standstill. New Nigerian GE loco. Under normal circumstances, TransNamib spokesperson, Ailly Hangula-Paulino, was quoted saying, between 300 SUDAN and 400 Transnet wagons are to be found on the Namibian NILE VALLEY RAILWAYS rail system. While the strike continued, this rolling stock Citadel Capital, a leading private equity firm in the Middle could not be moved back to South Africa, carrying cargo East and Africa with $US8.3 billion in investments in 15 such as zinc concentrate from Namibian mines. This resulted industries spanning 14 countries, has signed a right-of-way in “very substantial” losses and commodity shortages. agreement with the Sudanese Railway Corporation (SRC), the first step in fledgling rail operator Nile Valley Railways’ NIGERIA (NVR) entry into the promising Sudanese market. The PLIGHT OF NIGERIA’S RAIL PENSIONERS agreement will allow NVR to offer freight services on SRC According to Nigerian Railways Corporation (NRC) managing lines under a revenue-sharing agreement. SRC operates director, Adeseyi Sijuwade, the verification of pensioners more than 4,500km of route linking the key coastal city begun in November 2009 has created a dependable of Port Sudan to Khartoum, Wadi Halfa on the Egyptian database reflecting the numerical strength of retirees border and to South Sudan. (19,033) and the financial implications of their unpaid pensions. Those who have died were included, through TANZANIA verification of their next-of-kin. He appealed to the TRL OPERATIONS RESUME government to facilitate the payment of arrear railway Tanzania’s 2,706km Central Line has resumed operations, pensions by means of legislation and appropriation during after completion of emergency repairs following huge the second quarter of 2010. damage caused by the El Nino rains that fell towards the end of 2009. Minister for infrastructure, Dr Shukuru President Goodluck Ebele Jonathan, Sijuwade said, is Kawambwa, was quoted by East African Business Week favourably disposed to finding lasting solutions to the plight saying that repairs cost some $US11 million). of railway pensioners and hoped that arrears would be paid off by the end of 2010. The matter has been dragging on for LOANS TO TANZANIA many years, causing great hardship to retirees. Hundreds, The African Development Bank (AfDB) has lent Tanzania according to representatives struggling on their behalf, died $US235.45 million to finance infrastructure projects, in the interim without seeing monies due to them. including a feasibility study on the proposed Tanzania- Rwanda-Burundi standard-gauge railway. Senior finance NEW GE LOCO ARRIVES IN KANO ministry official, Ramadhani Kijjah, was quoted saying: Nigerian Railway Corporation (NRC) managing director “The construction of the Isaka-Kigali line in Rwanda and Adeseyi Sijuwade has welcomed the safe arrival of the first Keza-Musongati line in Burundi will contribute to the 12 RAILWAYS AFRICA May 2010 www.railwaysafrica.com
  • 15. AFRICA UPDATE implementation of an efficient and low cost transport treasury Likolo Ndalamei, work has been done on 3km system which will promote regional integration, development of line in the shunting yard, and on the terminal building, of areas of high mining, industrial and agricultural potential”. which includes offices for the stationmaster, police, Zambia He explains that “East Africa’s railways have suffered years Revenue Authority and the department of immigration. Water of mismanagement and underinvestment by government, and power utilities have been connected, landscaping has leaving them dilapidated, inefficient and costly to run.” commenced and all the level crossings have been completed. Preliminary discussions on train services have been held with government officials from Malawi and Central East African Railways, (Cear), the concessionaire that runs the Malawi railway network. ZIMBABWE CHINESE LOCOS FOR ZIMBABWE The National Railways of Zimbabwe (NRZ) has signed a deal with China North for the supply of 14 diesel-electric locomotives. “We are still to finalise payment modalities for the company to start manufacturing,” NRZ public relations manager Fanuel Masikati told the Xinhua news agency at the end of May. There are also “long-term plans” to buy passenger coaches from China. These would be used on routes Derelict coaches at Dar-es-Salaam. Photo: Richard Grönstedt. linking Harare-Bulawayo, Bulawayo-Beitbridge, Harare- TUNISIA Bindura and Harare-Chinhoyi. MAGHREB RAIL CONFERENCE IN TUNIS Representatives of railway companies from the five STEAM TO PLUMTREE Maghreb countries - Algeria, Libya, Morocco, Mauritania On 9 May, according to the Chronicle (published in and Tunisia – participated in a conference in Tunis at the Bulawayo), more than 300 people, about 250 of them local end of May whose theme was “The railway as a vehicle for tourists, boarded a special steam safari train on a trial run Maghreb integration”. from Bulawayo to Plumtree. “The train departed from Bulawayo main railway station at 10:00 amid pomp and Transport minister, Abderrahim fanfare,” the paper reported. “The tourists were offered Zouari, called for unifying technical world-class treatment by the well-organised railway staff. choices in the Maghreb railway and high-speed train projects, and “The train arrived in Plumtree at 14:00, where tourists were recommended the creation of a treated to a sumptuous lunch which included a braai. Maghreb institute for the exchange of Guests were treated to entertainment punctuated with information and sharing of expertise. refreshments and at 15:30 it was time for departure back to Bulawayo where it docked at 19:00.” Arab Maghreb Union (Amu) secretary- general, Habib Ben Yahia, said that the extension of the Maghreb railway network, to ultimately link the Libyan city of Tobruk with the Mauritanian Signal technicians at work capital Nouakchott, has always been in Tunisia. among the Maghreb’s unification Photo: Richard Grönstedt projects. UGANDA RVR IMPROVES FREIGHT SECURITY Rift Valley Railways (RVR) is enhancing security measures to ensure safer movement of containers to the inland container depots (ICD) at Nairobi and Kampala. To date, RVR acting chief marketing and commercial manager, James Nganga, explains, 81 container wagons have been fitted with protective steel bars, including a complete train of 40 vehicles. Garratt taking water at Bulawayo. Photo: NRZ. Theft from containers in transit, according to the Kenya international freight and warehousing association (Kifwa) National Railways of Zimbabwe (NRZ) public relations and the Kenya shippers’ agents’ association, is masterminded manager Fanuel Masikati said this was a trial run ahead by a cartel that manipulates port clearing systems and of the 2010 Soccer World Cup in South Africa: “Steam breaks into containers. Recent investigations by Kifwa engines are popular with tourists and we are going to run indicate that containers destined for Uganda, Rwanda and them more often. The response has been overwhelming as Burundi are most at risk because of the lengthy time they we had people from as far as Harare who came to board are in transit. the train. It is also popular with visitors from the United Kingdom, Unites States of America, New Zealand and ZAMBIA Australia.” He said there were about 50 bookings from CHIPATA RAILWAY outside the country from tourists who were coming for the The Zambian government has not yet released the World Cup. K5 billion to the ministry of works and supply which is needed to continue construction on the new Chipata- Currently NRZ has three operable steam locomotives. It is Mchinji (Malawi) railway. According to secretary to the looking to refurbish seven others. www.railwaysafrica.com May 2010 RAILWAYS AFRICA 13
  • 16. SA RAIL NEWS South African Rail News TRANSNET RESULTS newly revamped at a cost in excess of R300 million, by Transnet Freight Rail (TFR) achieved better-than-expected acting Metrorail regional manager Lindelo Matya. The VIPs results in the financial year to 31 March, despite a decline then travelled by train to Century City, 9km to the east, in export coal traffic and general freight. Revenues rose where a R450m newly constructed station was officially by 11.8% to R20.6 billion in the year ending 31 March, helped opened on the Monte Vista-Bellville line. The facility is by an increased share of the intermodal market and rising serving as one of several specially designated park-and- bulk volumes towards the end of the period. ride sites during the 2010 Fifa Soccer World Cup events. Export coal volumes decreased by 0.2% to 61.8 million tonnes, principally because of operational issues on the railway. However, export iron-ore volumes continued strongly upwards, rising 21.5% to 44.7 million tonnes - a 41% increase over 2005 levels. General freight declined from 78.4 to 72.1mt. A successful cost cutting campaign saw operating expenses rising only 3.2% to R13.4 billion. CONCESSIONING THE BRANCH LINES TFR has confirmed plans to concession under-utilised routes to private operators. Expressions of interest were invited recently for the operation of 7,300km of branch lines, only 3,928km of which are currently operational. Cape Town station – revamped at a cost of more than R300 million. Each concessionaire will be required to make the necessary investment, maintain the lines to agreed standards, and operate rail services, which might be freight or passenger, or a combination. The possibility of leasing rolling stock to concessionaires is being looked at. Allen Jorgensen, media and research officer at the Railroad Association of SA, was quoted saying: “The conditions attached to the concessions have to be attractive enough to warrant the extensive capital spend needed to achieve commercial viability. In some cases, kilometres of track have been stolen and the operators would virtually have to build from scratch.” New R450m station at Century City, Cape Town. Note overhead concourse. Photo: Metrorail. Jorgensen pointed to the dependence of many lines on connectivity with the main-lines: “If your service cannot STATION OPENS AT MOSES MABHIDA STADIUM connect with the Transnet service then your business could On 7 June, a R140 million new station was opened at collapse.” Appointment of a regulator to ensure fairness of Durban’s Moses Mabhida stadium by transport minister competition, he feels, would be “a vital precursor to entering Sbu Ndebele and KwaZulu-Natal transport MEC Willies such private-sector partnerships.” Mchunu. Construction began in July 2009. The station will also serve the Absa rugby stadium nearby. [Jorgensen, who has published extensively on railways, was a director of the former Alfred County Railway (ACR) running inland from Port Shepstone - South Africa’s first CLASS 91 DIESELS IN THE OFS experiment (1988) at independent operation of a branch line. It closed some years ago and ACR was liquidated in 2004, in the face of untenable competition from heavy rigs on the road – and other reasons which make for uncomfortable reading. - Editor] Two class 91 diesel locomotives have been acquired by Rail Road Logistics (RRL) in the OFS, Jacque Wepener reports from Welkom. They were formerly Transnet Freight Rail (TFR) nos 91-011 and 91-012, now RRL 91-01 and 91-02 respectively. The original 610mm gauge bogies are still in use – apparently ACR’s popular Banana Express. they were cut in half and widened to suit 1,067mm. Each class 91 (GE 700hp type UM6B, 1973) was seen hauling eight loaded hopper cars – about 672 CAPE TOWN STATION REVAMPED & CENTURY CITY OPENS tons altogether - but appeared to be “struggling”. Photo: Jacque Wepener. On 8 June, VIPs, including transport minister Sbu Ndebele, [Subsequently it was reported that at least one reworked axle had failed in service. - Editor] were welcomed to an inspection of Cape Town main station, 14 RAILWAYS AFRICA May 2010 www.railwaysafrica.com
  • 17. SA RAIL NEWS GLENCAIRN & SIMON’S TOWN - not yet back on the map Early in November 2009, exceptional spring tides under- “Rock is being sourced from Somerset West and we are mined Cape Town’s scenic coastal railway to Simon’s Town. negotiating with Transnet Freight Rail to convey the material The 6.3km of single track south of Fish Hoek had to be to Simon’s Town. It is hoped to re-open the line during May”. closed to traffic, with buses substituting for the trains. During much of May, unfortunately, railway staff went out on strike and the line is still not open. Monday 15 March 2010: 10M3 set “H” - one of the first trains to approach Glencairn in nearly four months. The train-replacement bus to Simon’s Town can be seen on the road above. Photo: Malcolm Bates. Flashback: the line near Glencairn at Christmas 2009. Photo: Malcolm Bates. Damage was less extensive along the first 3.6km to the little station at Glencairn. During February 2010, piles of seasand End of the line for now: the view south from Glencairn’s single platform. covering much of the track were removed and test running Photo: Paul Kilfoil. between Fish Hoek to Glencairn commenced. At the time of going to press, it had not been decided when public service to Glencairn was to be resumed, but a trainset has been parked at Glencairn at weekends, Repairs to the line nearer Simon’s Town will take somewhat longer, with the cost estimated in the region of R10 million. On 30 March, Metrorail’s Riana Scott told Railways Africa: “Approval in principle has been provided to fund the rehabilitation. The consulting engineers have completed the design and tenders for the work are in progress. The work entails repairs to the walls and track formation, concrete sealing/infill of voids under the wall foundation caused through scouring by wave action and the provision of a rock revetment to protect the walls and wall foundations from Map courtesy of Metrorail. wave action. COMPELLING INSIGHT FROM ORIGINAL RESEARCH www.railcorpstrat.com www.railwaysafrica.com May 2010 RAILWAYS AFRICA 15