1. American Colonies The settling of North America Written by: Alan Taylor Presentation by: Rachelle Alcantara History 140
2. Chapter 13: Men and Money William Orange got England into a war with France that cost them extreme amounts of money. The English were required to build a brand new much larger and professional army and navy. This took much funding which was provided by higher levels of taxation. During the 1690’s England created a military that was solely based on waging war. To uphold the Protestant regime, to maintain England’s hold over Ireland, to preserve their American Colonies and to defend the Dutch from a massive French invasion the English fought the Nine Years War from 1689 to 1697. Because of this war, for merly the lightest-taxed people in Europe, the English joined the French and the Dutch as the MOST heavily taxed. Taxes fell short with the growing military expenditures. As a result of all of this spending, by 1698 national debt reached 17 million and the annual interest payments absorbed nearly a third of the national revenues. The Bank of England was established by Parliament to manage the debt. Parliament could control foreign and military policy because of the new fiscal powers. War created both a formidable government and a new form of sovereignty that prevented the crown from exercising that expanded power without Parliament.
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4. By 1702, Louis XIV had rebuilt his military and reviewed his ambitions for Foreign expansion.
7. England was qualified as a first-rank power, but their war effort again faulted in the colonies.
8. In 1711, England sent a large expedition to assist New England in capturing Quebec from the sea. This resulted in nine hundred deaths. The English could not complete the deaths because of the harsh weather and sailed home sparing Quebec for the second time, thus frustrating and upsetting the New English.
9. The Queen and Parliament decided to cash in their early european victories before further warfare reversed them.
19. Preached emotionally and spontaneously to use their immediate sense of the Holy Spirit (and to shock and inspire their audience)
20. Often included emotional outbreaks during the worshipThis controversy split both the colonial elite and the common people. Both: included learned ministers, powerful magistrates, wealthy merchants, common farmers, artisans, and laborers.
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22. Believed that church institutions necessarily belonged to the world and had to accommodate to its inequalities in wealth, status, and learning
35. Even with all of this change, they could not reverse the popular enthusiasm for sampling many different traveling preachers of high social and theological diversity.
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37. Because of this many of the Indian villiages such as the Wichita and Pawnee became better armed then the mission Indians within the Hispanic orbit.
39. The Governor Valverde of New Mexico send Pedro de Villasur with 45 Hispanics and 60 Pueblo on an adventure northeastward across the Great Plains to attack the Pawnee. The Pawnee surprised the Hispanic-Pueblo encampment killing half the invaders including the governor. New Mexico never dared to strike across the Great Plains again.
40. In 1716, the Spanish built new missions in the hill country of east Texas to convert the people who lived there. The missionaries brought smallpox to the Caddo and they refused to convert to to Catholicism.
41. The Missionaries and their soldiers retreated to San Antonio, Texas. (founded by the Spanish in 1718) In 1760 only about 1,200 colonists lived in Texas and almost half of them in San Antonio.
42. In San Antonio the missions prospered, but only in San Antonio, and only for one year.
