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Mrs.Jessy Jacob, Mrs.Puvaneswari, Mrs.Vijayalakshmi
       Mrs.Subha, Mrs.Abinimol, Mrs.Sherin
         FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING DEPARTMENT
  NARAYANA HRUDAYALAYA COLLEGE OF NURSING BANGALORE
INTRODUCTION

 One of the major environmental issues haunting people is

  Global warming.
 Everyone agrees that our planet is getting warmer.

 Global Warming is one of the most dangerous situations, that the

  earth has to suffer in the upcoming years
 It's very important to consider this problem, because it is the

  problem of human existence.
 Global warming is a phrase that is used to describe the increase

  in the earth ´s temperature.
 This rise in temperature is attributed to an increase in greenhouse

  gases ( Water vapor, carbon dioxide, and ozone, methane)
 Levels of greenhouse gases have increased substantially over the

  last century.
 A huge amount of carbon dioxide is spreading day by day in our

  environment.
MEANING


Global warming is an average increase in the temperature of the
atmosphere . It happens when greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide,
water vapor, nitrous oxide, and methane) trap heat and light
from the sun in the earth’s atmosphere. Global warming can
occur from a variety of causes, both natural and human induced .
Earth’s Atmospheric Gases
                            Non-
Nitrogen (N2)            Greenhouse
                            Gases
Oxygen (O2)               >99%
Argon (Ar)


Water (H2O)
                          Greenhouse
                             Gases
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)     <1%

Methane (CH4)
Report by fourth assessment-
IPCC
       GAS         PRE INDUSTRIAL     CURRENT       INCREASE
                        LEVEL          LEVEL       SINCE 1750

 CARBONDIOXIDE           280PPM         396 PPM      116PPM
    METHANE             700 PPB        1745 PPB      1045PPB
 NITROUS OXIDE           270 PPB        314 PPB       44PPB

       CFC                  0           533 PPT      533PPT

•Nitrous oxide absorbs 270 times more heat per molecule than
carbon dioxide

•Methane absorbs 21 times more heat per molecule than carbon
dioxide.
GREEN HOUSE GASES
  Greenhouse gases are those that can absorb and emit
 infrared radiation . The primary greenhouse gases in the
 Earth's atmosphere are

Water vapor
Carbon dioxide
Methane
Nitrous oxide
Ozone.
Chlorofluorocarbons ( CFC)
GREEN HOUSE / GLASS HOUSE
Greenhouse
                 effect
The greenhouse effect is a process by which thermal radiation
 from a planetary surface is absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse
 gases, and is re-radiated in all directions. Since part of this
  re-radiation is back towards the surface and the lower
 atmosphere, it results in an elevation of the average surface
 temperature
Global warming
CONTRIBUTION TO GREENHOUSE GASES
CAUSES OF GLOBAL
     WARMING


•Natural causes


•Man-made or anthropogenic
causes
Natural causes
Climate Change Cycles- There are Cycles of cooling and
  cycles of warming every 40,000 years




Wetlands – It is characterized by water-logged soils that contributes
  atmospheric methane by methanogenesis (occurs in oxygen poor
  environments).
Tundra geography - Freezing ground releases a large and
  unexpected burst of methane into the air.




Cattle - Cow releases 70 and 120 kg of Methane per year
Solar Cycles - High solar activity are on average 0.2°C
  warmer than times of low solar activity




 Sunspots –Sunspots are relatively dark areas on the
  radiating surface which elevates the radiating 'surface'
  temperature
 Volcanoes- Volcanoes release SO2, Cl2, HCl, H2O, Ash,
 and CO2 into the atmosphere. Over the past 100 years,
 the earth has warmed about one degree Fahrenheit
MAN MADE CAUSES
 Power plant - Burning of fossil fuels (Coal, oil and natural gas)
  for the purpose of electricity generation which releases carbon
  dioxide carbon monoxide, methane, nitrous oxide.
 Transportation/ Air pollution - Emission from
 motor fuel accounts for 60% of carbon emissions over
 the past 20 years.
Increased Population leads to global warming
 because of increased need for food production,
 animals , transportation etc
Agriculture - Rice paddies, bovine flatulence, organic
  matter in the soil etc releases methane to the atmosphere
Deforestation - 1.6 billion tones of greenhouse gases are
 released into the atmosphere each year by deforestation .
Trees collect the CO2 and they give back oxygen .
Construction of Building-causes global warming
 because
 The use of electricity increases
 Emits CO2 while preparing of raw materials for
 building
 Garbage can liberate carbon dioxide and other gases
Fertilizers and Chemical Industry-
 Thinning of ozone layer or ozone hole is due to man-made
 chemicals like chlorofluorocarbons (CFC )
Plastics
 Manufacture of plastics uses a lot of energy and
 releases pollutants.
 It do not biodegrade in the environment
Incineration produces more greenhouse gases.
Global warming
Impact of global warming
Ice melting
 The ice of the Arctic region is disappearing. Summer in the
 Arctic could be ice free within 80 years. Melting of two massive
 ice sheets in Antarctica and Greenland, Leads to Rise in sea
 levels
 Floods
 Climate changes leads to warming of the sea.
 The warm water take up more space than cool water
 and surface level of sea’s increase.
Hurricanes
 As the temperature of the oceans rises there is more
 probability for frequent and stronger hurricanes
Extreme weather
 Erratic weather patterns that are increasingly being
  recorded around the world .
 It leads to wildfires and tornadoes.
 In 2007, more than 3,000 fires brought destruction to
  Southeastern Europe
Droughts and heat waves



Although some areas of Earth will become wetter due to
global warming, other areas will suffer serious droughts and
heat waves.
Diminished food and water supplies
Reduced rainfall, severe droughts and loss of soil fertility
 affects food and water supplies
It leads to disease, malnutrition, starvation and, ultimately,
 death
Tsunamis
 Extremely heavy, massive glaciers apply a considerable
   amount of pressure to the Earth’s surface underneath them.

 Diminished glaciers causes‘ freeing up’ of tectonic masses
 and leads to massive earthquakes and deadly tsunamis.
Increased volcanic activity
 Melting glaciers can cause frequent and more dangerous
 episodes of volcanic activity
 It releases tons of gases and solids into the atmosphere
Acidic oceans
Higher levels of CO2 causes ocean acidification


 It is bad for coral reefs and other species.
Economic consequences
 Natural calamities like floods , hurricanes etc causes
   damage to life, infrastructure etc

Billions of dollars are required for rehabilitation
Health consequences
 Vehicular fumes, industrial pollution and the stagnant hot air
  associated with heat waves etc causes immediate and chronic
  health problems such as emphysema, bronchitis and asthma
Outbreaks of deadly diseases



Diseases like Avian ‘Flu, Cholera, Plague and Tuberculosis will
be common.
Animal extinction

Polar Bears requires ice to live and
  might eventually go extinct as ice melts

Sea turtles could go extinct as beaches
  are flooded

Other species such  as elephant may go extinct as
 rainfall patterns change throughout the world
Animal attacks : Animals may leave their natural habitats
 and come in contact with human settlements leading to many
 deaths among humans
Global warming
Global warming
Largest glacier in South America is disappearing at a rate
of 200 meters each year.
Melting Glaciers – Mt. Kilimanjaro
Global warming
Global warming
Global warming
Global warming
Global warming
PREVENTION
Eat fresh, local and seasonal foods
Reduces carbon dioxide emissions by avoiding long
 distance transportation , cold storage etc
Use alternate energy sources
Electricity generation is the dominant industrial source of
 CO2 emissions.
 In Alternate energy sources such as Hydroelectric
 power, Solar ,Wind, Nuclear power etc CO2 emissions
 are negligible because no fuels are burned.
Nuclear power : Releases one fiftieth of greenhouse
 gas into the atmosphere when compared to a coal plant.
Landfill Gas
Causes nitrogen oxides as well as carbon dioxide emissions


The CO2 released from burning landfill gas is considered as a part
  of the natural carbon cycle of the earth.

Producing electricity from landfill gas avoids the need to use non-
  renewable resources to produce the same amount of electricity.

In addition, burning landfill gas prevents the release of methane, a
  potent greenhouse gas into the atmosphere.
Biomass power plants


Biomass power plants emit nitrogen oxides and a small
  amount of sulfur dioxide.

 Burning of biomass produces carbon dioxide, but it is
  considered as the part of the natural carbon cycle of the
  earth.

 The plants take up carbon dioxide from the air while they
  are growing and then return it to the air when they are
  burned, thereby causing no net increase
Reduce, Reuse, Recycle waste


 Reduce waste by choosing reusable products instead of
    disposables.
   Buy products with minimal packaging
   Use cloth bags for shopping
   Donate unused house items rather than sending for land fill.
   Make best out of waste.
   Recycle paper, plastic newspaper, glass and aluminum cans.
 If you reduce your household garbage by 10
    percent, you can save 1,200 pounds of carbon
    dioxide annually.
Replace regular light bulbs with compact fluorescent
light (CFL) bulbs.

CFL
 uses two-thirds less energy


Give off 70 percent less heat.


Lasts 10 times longer than incandescent
 bulbs
Minimize the use of electricity

Buy Energy-Efficient Products : Home appliances are now
 available in a range of energy-efficient models.Replace old items

Avoid electronic exercising



Use full load while using dish washer or
 washing machines. It saves energy, time and
 water
Plant a Tree




During photosynthesis, trees and other plants absorb carbon
 dioxide and give off oxygen.
 A single tree will absorb approximately one ton of carbon
 dioxide during its lifetime
Use "Off" Switch
Turn off lights when leave a room

Use only as much light as you need.

Turn off television, video player, stereo and

  computer when not using them.
 Switch off electronic equipments such as T.V, computers ,

  fan, lights etc. when not using it
Save water
 Reuse water


 Turn off the water when not using it.
        While brushing your teeth
           shampooing the pet
            washing car.

 Install low-flow toilets in the home, or put a bottle of
    water in the tank of your current toilet. The space the bottle
    takes up in the bottom of the tank will permit you to useless
    water, but keep the toilet functioning.
Use Less Air Conditioning
Dress lightly when it is hot rather than using air conditioner

  or fan
Dress warmly when it is warm rather than using heaters

Control your climate naturally. watch the temperature

  outside and open and close the windows accordingly.
 Setting thermostat just 2 degrees lower in winter and higher

  in summer could saves 2,000 pounds of carbon dioxide each
  year.
Drive Less and Drive Smart


 Walk short distances rather than using vehicles

 Use energy efficient vehicles. Choose a vehicle that has

    good mileage.
   keeping the tires properly inflated improves the mileage
    more than 3 percent and also keeps 20 pounds of carbon
    dioxide out of the atmosphere.
 Check out options for carpooling ,Public transport etc.

 Reduce air travel.
Encourage Others




Share information about recycling and energy conservation
  with friends, neighbors and co-workers

Encourage public officials to establish programs and policies
that are good for the environment.
CONCLUSION
Global warming is a deep rooted problem, and only a

 collective effort of humanity can reduce its effects.
Global warming won't disappear overnight, but if each of

 us follows the measures mentioned above we can prevent
 global warming to some extent.
For us and for our future generations, each of us must

 make the decision to take whatever steps are necessary to
 prevent global warming
Together we can make a difference!
THANK YOU

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Global warming

  • 1. Mrs.Jessy Jacob, Mrs.Puvaneswari, Mrs.Vijayalakshmi Mrs.Subha, Mrs.Abinimol, Mrs.Sherin FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING DEPARTMENT NARAYANA HRUDAYALAYA COLLEGE OF NURSING BANGALORE
  • 2. INTRODUCTION  One of the major environmental issues haunting people is Global warming.  Everyone agrees that our planet is getting warmer.  Global Warming is one of the most dangerous situations, that the earth has to suffer in the upcoming years  It's very important to consider this problem, because it is the problem of human existence.
  • 3.  Global warming is a phrase that is used to describe the increase in the earth ´s temperature.  This rise in temperature is attributed to an increase in greenhouse gases ( Water vapor, carbon dioxide, and ozone, methane)  Levels of greenhouse gases have increased substantially over the last century.  A huge amount of carbon dioxide is spreading day by day in our environment.
  • 4. MEANING Global warming is an average increase in the temperature of the atmosphere . It happens when greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, water vapor, nitrous oxide, and methane) trap heat and light from the sun in the earth’s atmosphere. Global warming can occur from a variety of causes, both natural and human induced .
  • 5. Earth’s Atmospheric Gases Non- Nitrogen (N2) Greenhouse Gases Oxygen (O2) >99% Argon (Ar) Water (H2O) Greenhouse Gases Carbon Dioxide (CO2) <1% Methane (CH4)
  • 6. Report by fourth assessment- IPCC GAS PRE INDUSTRIAL CURRENT INCREASE LEVEL LEVEL SINCE 1750 CARBONDIOXIDE 280PPM 396 PPM 116PPM METHANE 700 PPB 1745 PPB 1045PPB NITROUS OXIDE 270 PPB 314 PPB 44PPB CFC 0 533 PPT 533PPT •Nitrous oxide absorbs 270 times more heat per molecule than carbon dioxide •Methane absorbs 21 times more heat per molecule than carbon dioxide.
  • 7. GREEN HOUSE GASES Greenhouse gases are those that can absorb and emit infrared radiation . The primary greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere are Water vapor Carbon dioxide Methane Nitrous oxide Ozone. Chlorofluorocarbons ( CFC)
  • 8. GREEN HOUSE / GLASS HOUSE
  • 9. Greenhouse effect The greenhouse effect is a process by which thermal radiation from a planetary surface is absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases, and is re-radiated in all directions. Since part of this re-radiation is back towards the surface and the lower atmosphere, it results in an elevation of the average surface temperature
  • 12. CAUSES OF GLOBAL WARMING •Natural causes •Man-made or anthropogenic causes
  • 13. Natural causes Climate Change Cycles- There are Cycles of cooling and cycles of warming every 40,000 years Wetlands – It is characterized by water-logged soils that contributes atmospheric methane by methanogenesis (occurs in oxygen poor environments).
  • 14. Tundra geography - Freezing ground releases a large and unexpected burst of methane into the air. Cattle - Cow releases 70 and 120 kg of Methane per year
  • 15. Solar Cycles - High solar activity are on average 0.2°C warmer than times of low solar activity  Sunspots –Sunspots are relatively dark areas on the radiating surface which elevates the radiating 'surface' temperature
  • 16.  Volcanoes- Volcanoes release SO2, Cl2, HCl, H2O, Ash, and CO2 into the atmosphere. Over the past 100 years, the earth has warmed about one degree Fahrenheit
  • 17. MAN MADE CAUSES  Power plant - Burning of fossil fuels (Coal, oil and natural gas) for the purpose of electricity generation which releases carbon dioxide carbon monoxide, methane, nitrous oxide.
  • 18.  Transportation/ Air pollution - Emission from motor fuel accounts for 60% of carbon emissions over the past 20 years.
  • 19. Increased Population leads to global warming because of increased need for food production, animals , transportation etc
  • 20. Agriculture - Rice paddies, bovine flatulence, organic matter in the soil etc releases methane to the atmosphere
  • 21. Deforestation - 1.6 billion tones of greenhouse gases are released into the atmosphere each year by deforestation . Trees collect the CO2 and they give back oxygen .
  • 22. Construction of Building-causes global warming because  The use of electricity increases  Emits CO2 while preparing of raw materials for building  Garbage can liberate carbon dioxide and other gases
  • 23. Fertilizers and Chemical Industry- Thinning of ozone layer or ozone hole is due to man-made chemicals like chlorofluorocarbons (CFC )
  • 24. Plastics Manufacture of plastics uses a lot of energy and releases pollutants.  It do not biodegrade in the environment Incineration produces more greenhouse gases.
  • 26. Impact of global warming Ice melting The ice of the Arctic region is disappearing. Summer in the Arctic could be ice free within 80 years. Melting of two massive ice sheets in Antarctica and Greenland, Leads to Rise in sea levels
  • 27.  Floods Climate changes leads to warming of the sea. The warm water take up more space than cool water and surface level of sea’s increase.
  • 28. Hurricanes As the temperature of the oceans rises there is more probability for frequent and stronger hurricanes
  • 29. Extreme weather  Erratic weather patterns that are increasingly being recorded around the world .  It leads to wildfires and tornadoes.  In 2007, more than 3,000 fires brought destruction to Southeastern Europe
  • 30. Droughts and heat waves Although some areas of Earth will become wetter due to global warming, other areas will suffer serious droughts and heat waves.
  • 31. Diminished food and water supplies Reduced rainfall, severe droughts and loss of soil fertility affects food and water supplies It leads to disease, malnutrition, starvation and, ultimately, death
  • 32. Tsunamis  Extremely heavy, massive glaciers apply a considerable amount of pressure to the Earth’s surface underneath them.  Diminished glaciers causes‘ freeing up’ of tectonic masses and leads to massive earthquakes and deadly tsunamis.
  • 33. Increased volcanic activity  Melting glaciers can cause frequent and more dangerous episodes of volcanic activity  It releases tons of gases and solids into the atmosphere
  • 34. Acidic oceans Higher levels of CO2 causes ocean acidification  It is bad for coral reefs and other species.
  • 35. Economic consequences  Natural calamities like floods , hurricanes etc causes damage to life, infrastructure etc Billions of dollars are required for rehabilitation
  • 36. Health consequences  Vehicular fumes, industrial pollution and the stagnant hot air associated with heat waves etc causes immediate and chronic health problems such as emphysema, bronchitis and asthma
  • 37. Outbreaks of deadly diseases Diseases like Avian ‘Flu, Cholera, Plague and Tuberculosis will be common.
  • 38. Animal extinction Polar Bears requires ice to live and might eventually go extinct as ice melts Sea turtles could go extinct as beaches are flooded Other species such as elephant may go extinct as rainfall patterns change throughout the world
  • 39. Animal attacks : Animals may leave their natural habitats and come in contact with human settlements leading to many deaths among humans
  • 42. Largest glacier in South America is disappearing at a rate of 200 meters each year.
  • 43. Melting Glaciers – Mt. Kilimanjaro
  • 50. Eat fresh, local and seasonal foods Reduces carbon dioxide emissions by avoiding long distance transportation , cold storage etc
  • 51. Use alternate energy sources Electricity generation is the dominant industrial source of CO2 emissions.  In Alternate energy sources such as Hydroelectric power, Solar ,Wind, Nuclear power etc CO2 emissions are negligible because no fuels are burned. Nuclear power : Releases one fiftieth of greenhouse gas into the atmosphere when compared to a coal plant.
  • 52. Landfill Gas Causes nitrogen oxides as well as carbon dioxide emissions The CO2 released from burning landfill gas is considered as a part of the natural carbon cycle of the earth. Producing electricity from landfill gas avoids the need to use non- renewable resources to produce the same amount of electricity. In addition, burning landfill gas prevents the release of methane, a potent greenhouse gas into the atmosphere.
  • 53. Biomass power plants Biomass power plants emit nitrogen oxides and a small amount of sulfur dioxide.  Burning of biomass produces carbon dioxide, but it is considered as the part of the natural carbon cycle of the earth.  The plants take up carbon dioxide from the air while they are growing and then return it to the air when they are burned, thereby causing no net increase
  • 54. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle waste  Reduce waste by choosing reusable products instead of disposables.  Buy products with minimal packaging  Use cloth bags for shopping  Donate unused house items rather than sending for land fill.  Make best out of waste.  Recycle paper, plastic newspaper, glass and aluminum cans.  If you reduce your household garbage by 10 percent, you can save 1,200 pounds of carbon dioxide annually.
  • 55. Replace regular light bulbs with compact fluorescent light (CFL) bulbs. CFL  uses two-thirds less energy Give off 70 percent less heat. Lasts 10 times longer than incandescent bulbs
  • 56. Minimize the use of electricity Buy Energy-Efficient Products : Home appliances are now available in a range of energy-efficient models.Replace old items Avoid electronic exercising Use full load while using dish washer or washing machines. It saves energy, time and water
  • 57. Plant a Tree During photosynthesis, trees and other plants absorb carbon dioxide and give off oxygen.  A single tree will absorb approximately one ton of carbon dioxide during its lifetime
  • 58. Use "Off" Switch Turn off lights when leave a room Use only as much light as you need. Turn off television, video player, stereo and computer when not using them.  Switch off electronic equipments such as T.V, computers , fan, lights etc. when not using it
  • 59. Save water  Reuse water  Turn off the water when not using it.  While brushing your teeth  shampooing the pet  washing car.  Install low-flow toilets in the home, or put a bottle of water in the tank of your current toilet. The space the bottle takes up in the bottom of the tank will permit you to useless water, but keep the toilet functioning.
  • 60. Use Less Air Conditioning Dress lightly when it is hot rather than using air conditioner or fan Dress warmly when it is warm rather than using heaters Control your climate naturally. watch the temperature outside and open and close the windows accordingly.  Setting thermostat just 2 degrees lower in winter and higher in summer could saves 2,000 pounds of carbon dioxide each year.
  • 61. Drive Less and Drive Smart  Walk short distances rather than using vehicles  Use energy efficient vehicles. Choose a vehicle that has good mileage.  keeping the tires properly inflated improves the mileage more than 3 percent and also keeps 20 pounds of carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere.  Check out options for carpooling ,Public transport etc.  Reduce air travel.
  • 62. Encourage Others Share information about recycling and energy conservation with friends, neighbors and co-workers Encourage public officials to establish programs and policies that are good for the environment.
  • 63. CONCLUSION Global warming is a deep rooted problem, and only a collective effort of humanity can reduce its effects. Global warming won't disappear overnight, but if each of us follows the measures mentioned above we can prevent global warming to some extent. For us and for our future generations, each of us must make the decision to take whatever steps are necessary to prevent global warming Together we can make a difference!

Notas do Editor

  1. Likewise, the earth’s atmospheric gases affect the ability of the earth to radiate the Sun’s energy back into space.  Nitrogen,  Oxygen and  Argon  make up &gt;99% of the earth’s atmospheric gases  and are non-greenhouse gases.  Water,  Carbon Dioxide,  and Methane  make up &lt;1% of the earth’s atmosphere,  but are greenhouse gases , since they cause the earth to retain heat. 
  2. Mount Kilimanjaro is the poster child of the global warming movement, since most of the glacier has disappeared over the last 30 years. However experts agree that the shrinking of the Mount Kilimanjaro glacier is more the result of deforestation of the surrounding area than changes due to global warming.