1. Mrs.Jessy Jacob, Mrs.Puvaneswari, Mrs.Vijayalakshmi
Mrs.Subha, Mrs.Abinimol, Mrs.Sherin
FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING DEPARTMENT
NARAYANA HRUDAYALAYA COLLEGE OF NURSING BANGALORE
2. INTRODUCTION
One of the major environmental issues haunting people is
Global warming.
Everyone agrees that our planet is getting warmer.
Global Warming is one of the most dangerous situations, that the
earth has to suffer in the upcoming years
It's very important to consider this problem, because it is the
problem of human existence.
3. Global warming is a phrase that is used to describe the increase
in the earth ´s temperature.
This rise in temperature is attributed to an increase in greenhouse
gases ( Water vapor, carbon dioxide, and ozone, methane)
Levels of greenhouse gases have increased substantially over the
last century.
A huge amount of carbon dioxide is spreading day by day in our
environment.
4. MEANING
Global warming is an average increase in the temperature of the
atmosphere . It happens when greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide,
water vapor, nitrous oxide, and methane) trap heat and light
from the sun in the earth’s atmosphere. Global warming can
occur from a variety of causes, both natural and human induced .
6. Report by fourth assessment-
IPCC
GAS PRE INDUSTRIAL CURRENT INCREASE
LEVEL LEVEL SINCE 1750
CARBONDIOXIDE 280PPM 396 PPM 116PPM
METHANE 700 PPB 1745 PPB 1045PPB
NITROUS OXIDE 270 PPB 314 PPB 44PPB
CFC 0 533 PPT 533PPT
•Nitrous oxide absorbs 270 times more heat per molecule than
carbon dioxide
•Methane absorbs 21 times more heat per molecule than carbon
dioxide.
7. GREEN HOUSE GASES
Greenhouse gases are those that can absorb and emit
infrared radiation . The primary greenhouse gases in the
Earth's atmosphere are
Water vapor
Carbon dioxide
Methane
Nitrous oxide
Ozone.
Chlorofluorocarbons ( CFC)
9. Greenhouse
effect
The greenhouse effect is a process by which thermal radiation
from a planetary surface is absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse
gases, and is re-radiated in all directions. Since part of this
re-radiation is back towards the surface and the lower
atmosphere, it results in an elevation of the average surface
temperature
12. CAUSES OF GLOBAL
WARMING
•Natural causes
•Man-made or anthropogenic
causes
13. Natural causes
Climate Change Cycles- There are Cycles of cooling and
cycles of warming every 40,000 years
Wetlands – It is characterized by water-logged soils that contributes
atmospheric methane by methanogenesis (occurs in oxygen poor
environments).
14. Tundra geography - Freezing ground releases a large and
unexpected burst of methane into the air.
Cattle - Cow releases 70 and 120 kg of Methane per year
15. Solar Cycles - High solar activity are on average 0.2°C
warmer than times of low solar activity
Sunspots –Sunspots are relatively dark areas on the
radiating surface which elevates the radiating 'surface'
temperature
16. Volcanoes- Volcanoes release SO2, Cl2, HCl, H2O, Ash,
and CO2 into the atmosphere. Over the past 100 years,
the earth has warmed about one degree Fahrenheit
17. MAN MADE CAUSES
Power plant - Burning of fossil fuels (Coal, oil and natural gas)
for the purpose of electricity generation which releases carbon
dioxide carbon monoxide, methane, nitrous oxide.
18. Transportation/ Air pollution - Emission from
motor fuel accounts for 60% of carbon emissions over
the past 20 years.
19. Increased Population leads to global warming
because of increased need for food production,
animals , transportation etc
20. Agriculture - Rice paddies, bovine flatulence, organic
matter in the soil etc releases methane to the atmosphere
21. Deforestation - 1.6 billion tones of greenhouse gases are
released into the atmosphere each year by deforestation .
Trees collect the CO2 and they give back oxygen .
22. Construction of Building-causes global warming
because
The use of electricity increases
Emits CO2 while preparing of raw materials for
building
Garbage can liberate carbon dioxide and other gases
23. Fertilizers and Chemical Industry-
Thinning of ozone layer or ozone hole is due to man-made
chemicals like chlorofluorocarbons (CFC )
24. Plastics
Manufacture of plastics uses a lot of energy and
releases pollutants.
It do not biodegrade in the environment
Incineration produces more greenhouse gases.
26. Impact of global warming
Ice melting
The ice of the Arctic region is disappearing. Summer in the
Arctic could be ice free within 80 years. Melting of two massive
ice sheets in Antarctica and Greenland, Leads to Rise in sea
levels
27. Floods
Climate changes leads to warming of the sea.
The warm water take up more space than cool water
and surface level of sea’s increase.
28. Hurricanes
As the temperature of the oceans rises there is more
probability for frequent and stronger hurricanes
29. Extreme weather
Erratic weather patterns that are increasingly being
recorded around the world .
It leads to wildfires and tornadoes.
In 2007, more than 3,000 fires brought destruction to
Southeastern Europe
30. Droughts and heat waves
Although some areas of Earth will become wetter due to
global warming, other areas will suffer serious droughts and
heat waves.
31. Diminished food and water supplies
Reduced rainfall, severe droughts and loss of soil fertility
affects food and water supplies
It leads to disease, malnutrition, starvation and, ultimately,
death
32. Tsunamis
Extremely heavy, massive glaciers apply a considerable
amount of pressure to the Earth’s surface underneath them.
Diminished glaciers causes‘ freeing up’ of tectonic masses
and leads to massive earthquakes and deadly tsunamis.
33. Increased volcanic activity
Melting glaciers can cause frequent and more dangerous
episodes of volcanic activity
It releases tons of gases and solids into the atmosphere
35. Economic consequences
Natural calamities like floods , hurricanes etc causes
damage to life, infrastructure etc
Billions of dollars are required for rehabilitation
36. Health consequences
Vehicular fumes, industrial pollution and the stagnant hot air
associated with heat waves etc causes immediate and chronic
health problems such as emphysema, bronchitis and asthma
37. Outbreaks of deadly diseases
Diseases like Avian ‘Flu, Cholera, Plague and Tuberculosis will
be common.
38. Animal extinction
Polar Bears requires ice to live and
might eventually go extinct as ice melts
Sea turtles could go extinct as beaches
are flooded
Other species such as elephant may go extinct as
rainfall patterns change throughout the world
39. Animal attacks : Animals may leave their natural habitats
and come in contact with human settlements leading to many
deaths among humans
42. Largest glacier in South America is disappearing at a rate
of 200 meters each year.
50. Eat fresh, local and seasonal foods
Reduces carbon dioxide emissions by avoiding long
distance transportation , cold storage etc
51. Use alternate energy sources
Electricity generation is the dominant industrial source of
CO2 emissions.
In Alternate energy sources such as Hydroelectric
power, Solar ,Wind, Nuclear power etc CO2 emissions
are negligible because no fuels are burned.
Nuclear power : Releases one fiftieth of greenhouse
gas into the atmosphere when compared to a coal plant.
52. Landfill Gas
Causes nitrogen oxides as well as carbon dioxide emissions
The CO2 released from burning landfill gas is considered as a part
of the natural carbon cycle of the earth.
Producing electricity from landfill gas avoids the need to use non-
renewable resources to produce the same amount of electricity.
In addition, burning landfill gas prevents the release of methane, a
potent greenhouse gas into the atmosphere.
53. Biomass power plants
Biomass power plants emit nitrogen oxides and a small
amount of sulfur dioxide.
Burning of biomass produces carbon dioxide, but it is
considered as the part of the natural carbon cycle of the
earth.
The plants take up carbon dioxide from the air while they
are growing and then return it to the air when they are
burned, thereby causing no net increase
54. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle waste
Reduce waste by choosing reusable products instead of
disposables.
Buy products with minimal packaging
Use cloth bags for shopping
Donate unused house items rather than sending for land fill.
Make best out of waste.
Recycle paper, plastic newspaper, glass and aluminum cans.
If you reduce your household garbage by 10
percent, you can save 1,200 pounds of carbon
dioxide annually.
55. Replace regular light bulbs with compact fluorescent
light (CFL) bulbs.
CFL
uses two-thirds less energy
Give off 70 percent less heat.
Lasts 10 times longer than incandescent
bulbs
56. Minimize the use of electricity
Buy Energy-Efficient Products : Home appliances are now
available in a range of energy-efficient models.Replace old items
Avoid electronic exercising
Use full load while using dish washer or
washing machines. It saves energy, time and
water
57. Plant a Tree
During photosynthesis, trees and other plants absorb carbon
dioxide and give off oxygen.
A single tree will absorb approximately one ton of carbon
dioxide during its lifetime
58. Use "Off" Switch
Turn off lights when leave a room
Use only as much light as you need.
Turn off television, video player, stereo and
computer when not using them.
Switch off electronic equipments such as T.V, computers ,
fan, lights etc. when not using it
59. Save water
Reuse water
Turn off the water when not using it.
While brushing your teeth
shampooing the pet
washing car.
Install low-flow toilets in the home, or put a bottle of
water in the tank of your current toilet. The space the bottle
takes up in the bottom of the tank will permit you to useless
water, but keep the toilet functioning.
60. Use Less Air Conditioning
Dress lightly when it is hot rather than using air conditioner
or fan
Dress warmly when it is warm rather than using heaters
Control your climate naturally. watch the temperature
outside and open and close the windows accordingly.
Setting thermostat just 2 degrees lower in winter and higher
in summer could saves 2,000 pounds of carbon dioxide each
year.
61. Drive Less and Drive Smart
Walk short distances rather than using vehicles
Use energy efficient vehicles. Choose a vehicle that has
good mileage.
keeping the tires properly inflated improves the mileage
more than 3 percent and also keeps 20 pounds of carbon
dioxide out of the atmosphere.
Check out options for carpooling ,Public transport etc.
Reduce air travel.
62. Encourage Others
Share information about recycling and energy conservation
with friends, neighbors and co-workers
Encourage public officials to establish programs and policies
that are good for the environment.
63. CONCLUSION
Global warming is a deep rooted problem, and only a
collective effort of humanity can reduce its effects.
Global warming won't disappear overnight, but if each of
us follows the measures mentioned above we can prevent
global warming to some extent.
For us and for our future generations, each of us must
make the decision to take whatever steps are necessary to
prevent global warming
Together we can make a difference!
Likewise, the earth’s atmospheric gases affect the ability of the earth to radiate the Sun’s energy back into space. Nitrogen, Oxygen and Argon make up >99% of the earth’s atmospheric gases and are non-greenhouse gases. Water, Carbon Dioxide, and Methane make up <1% of the earth’s atmosphere, but are greenhouse gases , since they cause the earth to retain heat.
Mount Kilimanjaro is the poster child of the global warming movement, since most of the glacier has disappeared over the last 30 years. However experts agree that the shrinking of the Mount Kilimanjaro glacier is more the result of deforestation of the surrounding area than changes due to global warming.