This document discusses human blood components and their functions. It explains that human blood is made up of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Plasma carries dissolved substances around the body. Red blood cells carry oxygen through the blood in the form of oxyhemoglobin. White blood cells protect the body against disease. Platelets help the blood to clot and prevent blood loss. The document also covers blood groups, blood donation compatibility, and the proper handling and storage of donated blood.

1. Chapter 2 Blood Circulation And
Transport
Human Blood
Made by:
 Puteri Nurliyana
 Nur Ezlyin
 Aizatul

2. Introduction
A normal adult human has about 5 litres of blood
Blood is a fluid tissue that is made up of liquid
and solid component
The liquid component of blood is called plasma
and the solid component comprises blood cells
such as red blood cells, white blood cells and
platelets
Both components of blood can be separated
using a centrifuge
When blood is rotated in a spinning centrifuge, it
is separated into blood cells and plasma fluid

3. Centrifuge

4. Blood Components and Their Functions
Human blood is a suspension of red blood cells,white blood
cells,platelets and plasma

5. Blood Components and Their Functions
Plasma
- A pale yellowish fluid
- Consists of water (90%) and 10% dissolved substances,such as
nutrient,blood protein,minerals salts and hormones
Function: To carry dissolved substances and heat around the body
Red blood cells (erythrocytes)
- Have no nucleus
- Are biconcave disc-shaped
- Contains red pigments called the haemoglobin
Function: Carry oxygen in the form of oxyhaemoglobin

6. Blood Components and Their Functions
White Blood Cells (leucocytes)
- Have a nucleus
-Are irregular in shape
-Colourless
-Usually larger than the red blood cells
-The number white blood cells is less than the number of red blood cells in our
body
Function: Protct the body against diseases by fighting infection
Platelets
- Have no nucleus
- Tiny pieces of cells produced in the bone marrow
- Much smaller than the red or white blood cells
Function: Help in blood clotting to prevent blood loss

7. Blood Group
• Human blood can be
classified into four
different groups. The
four groups are
A,B,AB and O
• The blood group is
determined by the
type of protein on the
surface of the red
blood cells

8. Blood Group Donor To Recipient
• Transfusion is the process of transferring blood from a
donor to a recipient
• Donating and receiving of blood must be carried out
correctly accordind to the suitability and compatibility of
blood group
• When the blood of two incompatible groups are mixed
together, the red blood cells of the donor and recipient
will clump together. This condition is called agglutination
• Agglutination reduces the efficiency of red blood cells in
transporting oxygen. It also lead to death of the recipient.

9. Blood Donor To Recipient
•
Compatibility of blood among
the donors and the recipients
using ABO identification
system
•
Blood group O known as the
universal donor because it can
be accepted by a person of
any blood group. It can receive
blood from the donor who has
blood group O only
•
Blood group AB known as the
universal recipient because the
person can receive blood from
the donor of any blood. It can
donate to only group AB
recipient

10. The Importance Of Donating Blood
•
•
•
•
•
Blood is needed for major
surgery, childbirth, or cancer
treatment
Donating blood saves lives
and bring no harm to the donor
A person can donate blood
about 4-6 times a year
A suitable donor must
generally healthy, weighs 50kg
and should be above the age
of 18
A donor may give up to 0.5
litres of blood at one time.

11. Handling And Storage
• The blood is collected in a sterilised bag containing
sodium citrate which prevents clotting of the blood.
• The sterilised bag of blood then stored in a refrigerator at
5 º C for 10 days or longer if glucose is added
• A sample of the blood is removed from the bag of donated
blood. The sample is then tested for its group, the presence of
viruses such as the AIDS virus and other unwanted substances
will be rejected.
• Before blood is transfused, it is carefully tested against the
recipient's blood to make sure it is a good match. Then the
blood is transfused into the recipient through a vein in the
recipient's arm at the correct rate and temperature