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- 2. 5’ 3’ phosphate Sugar Thymine Adenine Hydrogen bonds Guanine Cytosine Hydrogen bonds are used to hold together the bases. 3’ 5’
- 3. • In DNA, adenine (A) goes with thymine (T) and guanine (G) goes with cytosine (C). A, T, C, and G are all nitrogen bases. If A and T or C and G are not paired up together it will create a mutation and the DNA will not replicate. • Purines- Adenine, Guanine • Pyrimidines- Cytosine, Thymine
- 4. 5’ 3’ phosphate Strand two Strand one Sugar Thymine Adenine Guanine Cytosine DNA helicase 3’ 5’ When the strand is 5’ to 3’ it splits from the bottom up.
- 5. • DNA is split by DNA helicase. As DNA splits, free nucleotides bind to the exposed bases of the non-coding strand. This process is helped by RNA polymerase. • Strand one is the leading strand and strand two is the lagging strand.
- 6. 5’ 3’ phosphate Sugar Thymine Adenine Guanine Cytosine DNA helicase 5’ 3’ RNA polymerase helps the direction of synthesis.
- 10. 5’ 3’ phosphate Sugar Thymine Adenine Guanine Cytosine DNA helicase DNA polymerase 3’ 5’ DNA polymerase is the enzyme that rebuilds the two separated strands of DNA.
- 11. • The primary role of DNA polymerase is to accurately and efficiently replicate the genome in order to maintain the genetic information. • DNA polymerase adds nucleotides continuously on Strand one.
- 19. 5’ 3’ phosphate Sugar Thymine Adenine Guanine Cytosine DNA helicase DNA polymerase 3’ 5’ When DNA polymerase is done, it replicates the one strand of DNA into two.
- 20. 3’ 5’ DNA ligase stitches together the Okazaki fragments together. phosphate Sugar Thymine Adenine Guanine Okazaki Fragments Cytosine DNA helicase 3’ Okazaki Fragments DNA polymerase 5’ Telomerase is an enzyme that adds telomerase repeat sequences to the 3’ end of DNA strands.
- 21. • Okazaki fragments are formed because DNA polymerase which acts as the synthesizer of DNA can only work at one strand at a time. The fragments are short, newly synthesized DNA fragments that are formed by lagging template strand during DNA replication. • The fragments are “stitched together by the enzyme ligase.
- 22. • DNA needs to replicate. When cells divide, the new cells produced must have a full set of genes in order to function correctly. Genes are made of DNA so it is necessary to replicate the DNA before the cells divide. Cells divide for reproduction, growth and repair. DNA needs a complete set of genes for it to function properly.