Novweb

gzikph ;[wB wkf;e Btzpo 2012
R.N.I. NO. UPPUN/2008/25934 POSTAL REGISTRATION : SSP/LW/NP/353/2012-2014

gzikph ;[wB
gz i kph wkf;e
;kb 5 nz e 7
Btzpo 2012
BkBeFkjh eZ s e $ wZ x o

;z g kde sseok
;0 Bfozdo f;zx w'Irk ;z g kdeh 3
;zgkdeh ;bkjeko nBw' b ;[ w B 4
;0 pqfizdo gkb f;zx e-mail ;fsr[o{ ~ 6
;0 joGiB f;zx r[ o { BkBe d/ t L nkgD/ pko/ 6
;zgkdeh dcso gkme fbyd/ jB 7
215$295 @e# ;[GkF wkor ypoBkwK ns/ ;orowhnK 9
d[rktK byBT{ - 226004 nfwq s t/ b k 12
w'0 L 09336044069
Email : office@punjabisuman.com wjkokik oDihs f;z x ih 15
editor@punjabisuman.com r[ o { , Fpd r[ o { ns/ r[ o { gz E 17
advt@punjabisuman.com
punjabisuman_media@rediffmail.com
ekft ;[ w B - Xow dh Ykb-;q h r[ o { s/ r pjkdo 19
http://www.punjabisuman.com ekft ;[ w B - fuZ m hnK L r[ o { BkBe d/ BK 21
gzikph ;[wB w{ b wz s q 22
gqthB e/;otkBh fgqzNo, gpfbFo s/ ;q h r[ o { rq z E ;kfjp ftu okrK pko/ ikBekoh-5 23
;tstkfXekoh B/ nkc;/N fJzvhnk, Btz p o dk Fjhdh e? b z v o 25
182$4, bZb{wb o'v, wFerzi, byBT{
s'I Sgtk e/ dcso gzikph ;[wB pz d h S' V fdt; 26
215$295 @e# ;[GkF wkor d[rktK
byBT{ s'I gqekfFs ehsk. ez u B ek:k ;[ w B 27
;z g kde nkU gz i kph f;yhJ/ 28
;0 Bfozdo f;zx w'Irk f;Z y Xkowe gq F B' I s oh 30
b/yeK d/ ftukoK Bkb ;zgkde dk
;fjws j'Dk }o{oh BjhI j?. ;[ w B tor gj/ b h - 4 31
iatkch lqeu gzikph gV', gzikph fby', gzikph p'b'.
LoRokf/kdkjh] izdk'kd] eqnzd izohu dsljokuh }kjk
vkQlsV bf.M;k] 182@4] yYywey jksM] e'kdxat
y[kuÅ ls eqfnzr ,oa 215@295 d] lqHkk"k ekxZ]
nqxkok¡] y[kuÅ ls izdkf'kr fd;kA gfsqek 20 sohe se B fwbD s/ c'B okjh nkgDk ;jh vke gsk fgB e'v ;w/s
lEiknd % l0 ujsUnz flag eksaxk ;{fus eo' skeh ;jh gs/ s/ gfsqek d'pkok G/ih ik ;e/, ns/ gsk u/e ehsk ik ;e/.
(1)

BkBeFkjh ;zws - 544

bwrh mwhw mWJ gurpurb
gu r g` d I sR I gu r U gR M Q swihb jI 15
nvMbr
mMiGir mwih sohMdIAw hir ipr sMig joqI-joiq sR I gurU goibMd isMG jI 18
nvMbr
bYTVIAwh] iqn kI soBw ikAw gxI ij swihib
mylVIAwh] qnu mnu mauilAw rwm isau sMig swD
gu r g` d I sR I gu r U go i bM d isM G jI 24
nvMbr
shylVIAwh] swD jnw qy bwhrI sy rhin iekylVIAwh]ShIdI sR I gu r U qy g bhwdr swihb jI 24
nvMbr
pR k wS sR I gu r U nwnk dy v jI
iqn du K u n kbhU au q rY sy jm kY vis pVIAwh] ijnI 28
nvMbr
rwivAw pRBu Awpxw sy idsin inq KVIAwh] rqn ieiqhwsk idhwVy
jvy h r lwl hir kM i T iqnw jVIAwh] nwnk bWCY DU i V jnm mwqw swihb kOr jI 1 nvMbr
iqn pR B srxI dir pVIAwh] mMiGir pR B u AwrwDxw pMjwbI sUbw idvs 1 nvMbr
bhuiV n jnmVIAwh]10] bMdI CoV idvs (dIvwlI) 13 nvMbr
Gkt L- fijVk wB[Zy r[o{ dh ;zrs ftu ofj e/ ShIdI bwbw dIp isM G jI ShId 13 nvMbr
joV mylw A`cl swihb (btwlw) 22 nvMbr
gowkswk dh :kd ftu i[Vdk j?, T[; dk sB wB ;dk ShIdI BweI mqI dws jI, BweI idAwlw jI,
fyfVnk ofjzdk j?, T[j wB[y b'e-gob'e ftu F'Gk yZNdk BweI sqI dws jI
Z 24 nvMbr
j?, T[j ftekoK d/ jZfbnK tb'I ;dk ;[u/s ofjzdk j?. go jnm swihbzwdw zorwvr isMG jI 28 nvMbr
srkwrI Cu`tIAW qy hor idhwVy
fijVK wB[Zy gowkswk dh :kd G[bkJh oydk j? T[; dh ivSvkrmw idvs 14 nvMbr
T[wo d[yK ftu phsdh j?, ekwkfde eJh t?oh T[; ~ ;dk bwl idvs
Z 14 nvMbr
x/oh oyd/ jB. muh`rm (qwjIey) 25 nvMbr

(2)


frnkB[ fXnkB[ feS[ eow[ B ikDk, ;ko B ikDk s/ o h .
;G s/ tvk ;fsr[ o [ BkBe fifB eb okyh w/ o h.. (750)
nB/e d[yK ftu ftbe oj/ ihtK dh fjod/ s'I T[mdh j{e ;[De/ nkgD/ ojfwsK
Z
ns/ pyfF;K d/ yikB/ ~ gqdkB eo nkgDhnK swkw FeshnK dk wkbe pDk e/ nekb
g[oy tkfjr[o{ B/ nkg ;fsr[o{ BkBe ;kfjp ~ fJ; ir ftu gqekFwkB j'D dh nkfrnk
gqdkB ehsh. ;z;ko d/ d[yh ihtK d/ ;dhthI efbnkD bJh r[o{ ;kfjp B/ pj[s rzGhosk Bfozdo f;zx w'Irk
Bkb ;'u ftuko eoe/ X[o dh pkDh dk g;kok ehsk. Gkos d/ nkw b'eK ~ gow/Fo
d/ BK s/ Xow dk u'bk gfjB e/ ;dhnK s'I b[fZ Nnk ik fojk ;h. b'e nfrnkB tF e{V gquko ~ ;Zu ikD rb
Bkb bkJh fcod/ ;h. ekbgfBe d/th d/tsktK dhnK w{osK Xow wzdok ftu ;Ekgs eoe/ gZEoK dh g{ik j'
ojh ;h. Sbhnk g{ikoh rohpK dh y{B g;hB/ dh ewkJh vekoB bJh ;zx gkV e/ TZu/ ;[oK ftu j'e/ d/d/ fe I
s[jkv/ nZr/ oZyh w{osh GrtkB j?, fJj s[jkvk b'e gqb'e ;tko/rh. FoXk ;fjs fJ; dh g{ik eo' fJ; nZr/
ehwsh G/Nk oy'. f;X/ ;kd/ b'ek B/ fJ; Sb ~ ;spuB eoe/ gqtkB ehsk ns/ w{osh ~ GrtkB ;wM e/ nkgDk
;G e[M nogD eo fdZsk.
ukbke g[ikohnK B/ G'b/ Gkb/ b'eK ~ ektK e[fsnK dh, ;ZgK ;{oK dh nDfrDs gF{ gShnK dh g{ik
eotkJh. gZEoK, gjkVK, Xosh, ;{oi, uzd, jtk, gkDh, fdq;N ns/ nBfdq;N ;kohnK FeshnK dh g{ik dk j[ew
fdZsk. i'o F'o Bkb gquko eoe/ nkw wB[yK dh soe Fesh ~ e[d eo fdZsk frnk ns/ wB[y i' nkgD/ r[DK
z Z
eo e/ ;p ihtK s' ;q'wDh j?, g;{nK s'I th BhtK ubk frnk ns/ gF[nK ;ZgK nkd nZr/ wB'ekwBktK bJh sob/
eoD br fgnk. epho dk; ih B/ T; t/b/ d/ jkbks ~ w[Zy oZy e/ nktki p[bzd ehsh -
jw r'o{ s[w r[nko r[;kJh iBw iBw oytko/.. epj{z B gkfo T[skfo uokfJj[ e?;/ y;w jwko?.. (482)
wkB'I r"o{ ns/ r[nkoK dh g[eko ;[D ns/ gqtkD eoe/ nekb g[oy B/ @@r[ o { BkBe ir wkfj
gmkfJnk..## ;op FeshnK d/ wkbe ns/ ofjpo r[o BkBe d/t ih B/ pV/ jh fgnko Go/ sohe/ Bkb ;jh
dbhbK d/d/ G'b/ b'eK ~ gF{nK, gzShnK, o[yK, p[sK ntskoK, gkyzvh fpu'fbnK Bkb'I wB[yK ~ w'V e/ nekb g[oy
I Z Z
Bkb i'fVnk. T[jBK ;wMk fdZsk fe pyfFFK d/D tkbk ;kvk b/yk i'yk oyD tkbk e/tb fJe tkfjr[o{ j? i'
;kohnK FeshnK ~ g?dk eoD tkbk ns/ T[jBK dk wkbe j?. T[jBK w{b dh gSkD eokJh, nbr nbr
FeshnK ~ g{iD dh pikJ/ T[jBK d/ wkbe ~ g{i,' T[;dk f;woB eo'. T[j fe;/ j'w, iZr, dkB g[B iK foFts
z
dk G[yk BjhI j?. p; T[;d/ fgnko ftu fGie/ sB wB Bkb, T;d/ r[D rkJ/ ikD. wB[y d/ ihtB ftu gbNk
Z Z
nkT[Dk F[o{ j' frnk, nB/eK B/ ftnesh g{ik, w{osh g{ik ns/ ntsko tkd dh r[bkwh trkj wkoh. r[o{ wjkoki
B/ gZEo fdb g[ikohnK tb'I nekb dk ftek; o'eD dh w[fjw ~ mZb gkJh. g[ikohnK dk ;p s'I tZvQk jfEnko
FoXk jhD j'D dk fJbikw brkBk ;h. e'Jh soeFhbsk dk ;jkok b? e/ b[ND s'I puDk ukj/ s/ T[; ~
FoXkjhD, Bk;se ns/ gkgh efje/ p/fJZis ehsk iKdk ;h, T[gd/F fdZsk iKdk ;h, d/y' GkJh Xow sK FoXk
ns/ ftFtk; s/ jh fNfenk j?, fiZE/ FoXk BjhI T[E/ Xow BjhI.
r[o{ ;kfjp dh gktB pkDh B/ b[N/fonK d/ pyhJ/ T[X/V fdZs/, r[o{ ;kfjp B/ izi{ B gke/ ny'sh FoXk
~ ;ZN wkoh, rzrk ftu yb' e/ ;{oi ~ gkDh d/zfdnK ~ ;jh ;/X d/ e/ FoXk ~ ;ZN wkoh, T[jBK T[bN/ gk;/
nkgfDnK y/sK ~ gkDh d/d/ ;p e[M ;wMk fdZsk. ;iD dh ;oK ftu j' ojh mZrh tkbh FoXk, wbe Gkr' dh
I
dkB g[B eoB dh FoXk, irB BkE g[oh ftu w{osh nZr/ j' ojh nkosh dh FoXk, rfJnk ftu fgzv gZsb dhtk
Z
(3)

fefonk nkd dh FoXk, i'rhnK dh r[ck ftu tV e/ Grsh tkbh FoXk, op e/tb wZe/ ftu j? ekihnK dh FoXk
w{oy jkewK dh FoXk, g[ikohnK dh Xkr/ sthsK dh FoXk nkd swkw FoXk ~ r[o{ wjkoki B/ nkgDhnK dbhbK
Bkb sko sko eo ;[ZfNnk ns/ e[co ns/ gkyzv s/ nkXkos FoXk ~ p/godk eo e/ oy fdZsk.
nZi fco f;ZyK ftu e[M feogkBXkoh ny'sh ;zsk v/odkoK eoe/ fJjh nzBh FoXk g{oh sok jkth j' u[eh
/
j? i' e'Jh r[owfs dk XkoBh ftnesh r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp dh pkDh d/ gowkD ;kjwD/ oy e/ dbhb oy/ sK T[;s/
FoXk ns/ ftFtk; s'VB tkbk Bk;se, efw:{fB;N nkd cst/ d/ fdZs/ iKd/ jD. r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp fijVh
fijVh FoXk s'I s'Vd/ oj/ T[; gqsh fJj bkbuh, r'rVK tXkJh p?m/ v/odko eh efjDr/. i' T[jBK dk jh BK
/
b?e/ nkgDhnK d[ekBK ubk oj/ jB ns/ r[o{ T[gd/F d/ fybkc ftnesh g{ik ns/ nzX ftFtk; tb gzE ~
Xe/b oj/ jB. r[o{ ~ wZBD dk j'Iek d/D tkb/ r[o{ dh BjhI wBd/ ns/ e[V dk gquko tXkJh iKd/ jB.
r[od[nkfonk d/ e[M gqpzXeK B/ th wjzsk ns/ w;zdk ~ wks fdZsh j'Jh j?. r[od[nkfonk d/ gqpzX ~ fsikos
ns/ f;nk;s dk t;hbk pBk fbnk frnk j?. FoXk d/ BK s/ fpbfvzrk dh T[;koh, nyzv gkmK dhnK bVhnK,
bzro ns/ nBQh eow eKvk tkbh goftosh s/ finkdk fXnkB j?, Gb/ pkp/ BkBe dh T[ukoh X[o dh pkDh nB[;ko
;zrsK ~ r[o{ xo s'I ;/X fwb/ iK Bk fwb/. p; j[D r[o{ wjkoki nZr/ nodk; j? s/o/ xo d/o j/ go nzXo BjhI,
/
fJjBK v/odkoK ns/ ny'sh gqpzXeK s'I i' w;zd jh jB gzE ~ w[esh fdbkT[ ns/ fJjBK ofjs s'I jhD/ b'eK ~
/
nkdoF wzB e/ nkw wB[Zy dh gfss g[D/ tb tXdh goftosh ~ mb br ;e/.

gfjbk woD ep{ f b ihtD eh Sfv nk;.
j' j [ ;GBk eh o/ D { e k sT[ nkT[ jwko/ gkf;.. (1102)
GkJh wsh dk; bJh j[ew j'fJnk fe fJ;~ nko/ Bkb uho e/ d' ckV eo fdT[, r[o{ d/ ;kwQD/. d'F
fJj bkfJnk fe pkjwD e[b ftZu iBw b?e/ th pkjwDh ohsK ~ SZvhQ p?mk j? r[o{ d/ fgZS/ br e/ bkj'o s'I fdZbh
se w[rbK d/ S/D/ tikT[D dh rb eodk j?. T[; ftu ;ukJh dh Fesh j[bko/ wkodh ;h T[j i'I efjzdk ;h
;p eo ;edk ;h go r[o{ B/ fJ}kis BjhI fdZsh, fejk nzdobh Fesh BjhI fdykT[Dh, wsh dk; s{z r[of;Zyh
XkoB eoh j?. gzith gksFkjh dh Fjhdh :kd eokJh, s/ok GkDk whmk bkr/ dk T[gd/F :kd eokfJnk i' nkgD/
fwZso, r[of;y ~ fdZsk ;h. wsh dk; pkjwB i' r[o{ s'I ;'Mh gke/ eoweKvk ~ G[b frnk ;h, GkD/ ~ fwZmk wBD
Z
dk T[gd/F fwfbnk s/ y[Fh y[Fh ig[ih dk gkm eodk eodk nko/ Bkb d' ckV j' frnk. r[o{ B/ th f;o d/ fdZsk
go ;h B T[uoh n?;/ r[o{ s'I pfbjko ikJhn? s/ r[o{ dh wfs ~ XkoD eohn/.
iT[ sT[ gq / w y/ b D ek ukT[ . . f;o[ Xfo sbh rbh w/ o h nkT[ . .
fJs wkofr g?o[ Xohi/.. f;o dhi? ekfD B ehi?.. (1412)

nBw' b ;[ w B
1- i' g[oF fe;/ iht dk e'Jh nzr Gzr eo/ T[; ~ nrb/ iBw T[; nzr s'I jZE X'B/ jh g?Id/ jB.
2- fi; ~ w"s u/s/ j? T[; ~ oZp BjhI G[bdk ns/ fi; ~ oZp G[b ikt/ T[; ~ w"s ft;o iKdh j?.
3- i' ngB/ nkg s'I g[Sdk oj/ fe feE'I nkfJnK, feT[I nkfJnK, s/ feZE/ ikBk j?, T[j ed/ e[okj/ BjhI g?dk.
I
4- wkV/ ezwK s'I T[jh pzdk pu ;edk j? i' w's s/ nktkrtB ~ u/s/ oZy/ ns/ oZp ~ nzr ;zr ikB/.
5- i' g[oF d/j d/ nZr ftu ;VB dk fdqF nZyK nZr/ oZy/ T[j d/j bJh gkg eoB s'I pu iKdk j?.
frnkBh T{Xw f;zx ih
(4)


DAVP

(5)


e-mail r[o{ BkBe d/t L nkgD/ pko/
3210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321

;fsr[ o { ~
3210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321
3210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321
r[ o { BkBe d/ t L nd{ Z s h :ksoh
3210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321
3210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321
3210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321
3210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321
3210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321
Guru Nanak Dev : The Unique Traveller
3210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321
3210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321
3210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321

gow g{iBh: pkpk BkBe ih, r[ o w[ f y y' i s GJ/ T[ d k;h,
tkfjr[o{ ih ek ykb;k, tkfjr[o{ ih eh csfj.. doFB e? skJh G/ y fBtk;h,
nkg ih dh feogk ;dek uVdhnK ebK ftu jK ih. t?;/ sK nkg ;ku tyo e/ jw tDiko/ ,
ih ~ gsk jh j'Dk j? fe nkg ih dk, fJ; b'e dk iBw fdjkVk nk fojk BkBe r[ o w[ f y T[ s of; gko/ . okwebh, 939
j?. pkpk ih edh fJBQK fdBK ftu nke/ B}ko/ t/y. s[;hI nkgD/ ihtB ekb
' "I left my home in search of the righteous
ftu edh nkgDk fJj' fijk iBw fdB BjhI wBkfJnk j'Dk. and am following this course
nkg ih d/ iBw fdjkV/ dh y[Fh ftu fgSb/ eJh fdBK s'I jo w[jb/
Z to evolve a new philosophy of life.
ftu gqGks-c/ohnK fBeb ojhnK jB fi; ftu frD/-u[D/ r[o{ fgnko/,
Z Begin a pedlar of Truth,
fgnko ftu pkDh rkT[d/ fdZ;Dr/. pkeh pj[s/ sK p'M/ iK eZSK ftu jZE
I I trade in Truth.
gkJh EK-EK s/, ukj d/ Bkb GKs-GKs dhnK ykD-ghD dhnK uhiK dk It is only through the righteous
nkBzd b?D nkT[d/ jB. eZuh pkDh okjhI nkg ih dh T[;ss ehsh iKdh
I that I shall be able
j?. nkg ih B/ b'eK ~ ftnesh s'I jN, e/tb fJe nekb g[oy dh g{ik to ferry my following across
dh gqoDK ehsh go, nZi eb gqGks-c/oh p[bkT[D ;w/I nkg dh s;tho
/ the Ocean of Existence Ramkali, 939
3210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321
nZr/ nodk; eod/ nkw t/fynk ik ;edk j?.
3210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321
r[ o { BkBe d/ t L ft;wkfds g[ o y
3210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321
3210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321
3210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321
3210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321
pkpk ih fJj g[op fJe fdB BjhI g{ok wjhBk wBkfJnk ikt/rk 3210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321
3210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321
Guru Nanak Dev : The wonderstruck
3210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321
3210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321
Gkt/I ;t/o/ nk;k-dh-tko d/ ehosB ;w/I ;zrs B j't/ go, bzro t/b/ g{ok
3210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321

t/ f y ftvkD[ ,
w/bk i'pB s/ j[dk j?. j't/ th feUI B, fJFfsjko ftu pkeh gq'rokw sK
z ofjnk ft;wkd[ ! nk;k, 464
S'N/ nyoK ftu Sgdk j? go bzro ns[N tos/rk, ;zrsK dh ;/tk g{Vh- O, I am amazed
S'b,/ yho nkfd Bkb ehsh ikt/rh, tZv/ nZyoK ftu Skfgnk iKdk j?. pkpk at the wonders of the universe. Asa, 464
ih i/ nkg nkgD/ iBw fdB wBkT[D tkb/ wjhB/ ftu i/ edh c/ok gkU w/ o / ;kfjpk !
sK, fJe go/FkBh }o{o j't/rh fe GkJh wodkBk ih i' nkg ih ~ rb
efjD bJh wkj"b pBkT[D fjZs nkgDh G[y dh nkV b?d/ ;h T[; bJh
Z I s/ o / u' i ftvkDk ! ;' o m, 596
Wonderous are Your plays,
e'Jh BtK pjkBK bZGDk gJ/rk. feT[fI e ykD-ghD dh feXo/ e'Jh ewh
my Lord ! Sorath, 596
BjhI j[dh.
z 3210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321
3210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321
r[ o { BkBe d/ t L oZ p ih d/ fbykoh
3210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321
3210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321
3210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321
jK ;Zu, fJe rb sK G[b jh frnk nkg ih dh rZb, T[gd/F Gkt/
Z 3210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321
3210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321
3210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321
Guru Nanak Dev : The writer, God's Scribe
3210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321
I e'Jh B wzBh ikJ/ go ;zrsK nkg ih d/ g[op s/ BtK ;{N gkT[Dk BjhI 3210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321
3210987654321098765432121098765432109876543210987654321

G[bdhnK. FkfJd fJj ;"u fe, s[;hI fJj Bk nky'I fe w/o/ iBw fdB s/ BkBe ekrd bZ y wDk gfV gfV ehu? GkT[ ,
T[j G?Vk fijk g[okDk ;{N gk nkJ/ ;h. pj[fsnK ~ fsnko t/y e/ fJUI w;{ s' f N B nktJh, b/ y fD gT[ D [ ubkT[ ,
brdk j? fit/I doFB eoD BjhI < doFB d/D nkJ/ j'D. fet/I b'eK d/ Gh s/ o h ehwfs B gt? , jT[ e/ t v[ nkyk BkT[ !
nkeoFD dk e/do pfDnk ikJ/, fJjh wZ[y ftFk j[dk j?.
I Z z If I were to study thousands of learned
s[;hI nkg jh e[M feogk eo' sK, FkfJd e[M ;'Mh gt/ pkeh ;G books
mhe j? fJ;/ pko/ j'o jkbks nrb/oh fuZmh ftu fbykrK feT[fI e d/o j' and understand all their import.
ojh j? w/oh th gqpzXek tb'I ;/tk brh j?. If I were to write with an ocean of ink
G[ZbK u[ZeK dh w[nkch. and with the speed of the wind,
;G ~ csfj . I would still be unable, O God,
nkg ih dk g[Zso to estimate Your value
w/ok e-mail gsk L- briji.kiram@gmail.com
Or Say how Great is Your name ! Siri, 15
@feow#
(6)


gkme fbyd/ jB HHHHHHHHH ehsh j? skfe ;zrsK fJ; ~ rkT[D s/ ;otD eoB s/ fJ;
s'I bkjk b? ;eD. ;' okrh f;zxK ~ wkoehN ftu ;hvh nkfd
r[ o pkDh dk j[ z d k nX{ o k ehosB ! uZbD dh xZN s/ gzE d/ Gb/ dh f}nkdk ;'uDh ukjhdh j?.
r[o{ noiB d/t ih B/ ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih d/ okrh f;zx' f]nkb efonk i/, i/ s[;h fJ;/ soQK fes/ fes/
;zgkdB ;w/I okr d/ Bkb-Bkb fes/ fes/ X[BhnK i' g[oksB fbwh so}K ~ rbrZv eo e/ iK pVh ubkeh Bkb E'Vk
;w/I s'I jh rkJhnK ik ojhnK ;B, T[BQK ftu th r[opkDh obk e/ ehosB eo'r/ sK s[;h sK nwho j' ikt'r/ go gZE
rkT[D dh skehd okrhnK ns/ ;zrsK ~ ehsh. r[opkDh pVk |ohp j' ikt/rk, r[opkDh d/ r[DK gZy'I.
dk ehosB eod/ ;w/I fJj fXnkB }o{o ofynk iKdk ;h fe vk0 oDihs f;zx, np'jo
fes/ okr r[opkDh s/ Gko{ Bk j' ikt/, ;dk r[opkDh jh gq p z X e fXnkB d/ D
okr s/ Gko{ oj/. go n;'; nZi d/ ehosBhJ/ okrK s'I sK 1- fgSbh fdBQh fJe okrh f;zx tb'I r[opkDh dh
nDikD j? jh B/ go fJe j'o nDj'Dh fJj j' ojh j? fe ;h0 vh0 dk b'ekogD fJe nBwZshn? gqFk;fBe nfXekoh
f}nkdkso ehosBhJ/ r[opkDh d/ e[ZM e[ jh FpdK dk s'I eokfJnk frnk id fe T[; t/b/ r[owfs d/ fJe wjkB
ehosB eo oj/ B/. r[opkDh T[j gke gftZso ;zd/F iK ftdtkB ns/ d' wjkB ehosBhn/ ;wkrw ;EkB s/ w'id ;B {
T[j j[ew j? fi; ~ ;zrs B/ fJeZbk ;otD jh BjhI eoBk fiBQK s'I b'ekogD eokfJnk ik ;edk ;h. Gfty ftu
;r'I fiT{Dk j? s/ ihtB nzdo T[skoBk th j?. go nZi e[b r[opkDh ;zpXZs g[;seK ns/ ;hvhnK d/ ftw'uB ns/
b'ekogD ;w/I fXnkB ofynk ikJ/.
fwbk e/ ;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ih d/ brGr 300 nzrK 2- fJe ;EkBe Xkowe iE/pdh i' b'e GbkJh d/
z
(gzfBnK) dk jh ehosB j' fojk j? ns/ 1100 s'I tZX nzrK pV/ nZS/ eZw eo ojh j? B/ nkgD/ BK ftu wksk e"Ibk BK
dk ehosB BjhI j' fojk wsbp 1100 s'I tZX gzfBnK d/ i'fVnk j'fJnk j? f;Zy r[onK d/ fJfsjk; ftu e/tb, r[o{
{
;zdF s'I ;zrsK ~ tKfMnK ofynk ik fojk j?. p; T[jh Fpd
/ wksk iK r[o{ gsBh ~ jh f;ZyK bJh wksk dk doik gokgs
tko tko gVQ/ ik oj/ jB fijV/ ;"y/ gVQ/ ik ;ed/ jB iK j?. phph e"bK ~ phph Fpd Bkb jh T[ukfos ehsk frnk
efj bt' fe fiBQK dh ezg'}hFB okrh f;zx B/ fsnko eo j?. p/Bsh j? fe gqpXe nkgDh ;z;Ek dk Bk r[owfs nB[;ko
z
oyh j?. pkeh pu frnk r[opkDh dk gftZso j[ew, ;zrhs phph e"bK GbkJh e/Ido oZyD dh feogk eoB.
okjhI ;zrsK ~ e"D ;otD eotkJ/rk < fJj o} okrh f;zx 3- gqpXe ;ZiD ;N/iK s/ nfwqs gquko, ofjs nkd
z
dk jh pDdk j? fe fJj T[BKQ gqsh th ngDk o} gSkDB. r[owfs dhnK i' th rZbK eod/ jD T[; s/ nkg th nwb
eoD sd jh mhe j?. r[o{ wjkoki tb'I ;BwkBs eoD bJh
fJj fe;/ ~ BjhI efjDk ukjhdk fe pkeh r[opkDh ;zrs f;o'g/ ns/ g[o;eko e/tb s/ e/tb ofjs wo:kdk ftu
nkg gVQ bt/. fJj mhe BjhI. ;zrhs Bkb wBK s/ f}nkdk gqge r[of;yK s'I jh fdtkJ/ ikD. gzE nZi th nfwqsXkoh
Z
n;o th j[dk j? s/ fXnkB d/Dk gt/rk fe r[o{ ;kfjpkB B/
z f;yK s'I g{oh soQK ;yDQk BjhI j'fJnk j?.
g{oh r[opkDh ekft o{g ftu s/ okrwJh eo e/ T[ukoD i;tzs f;zx ezXkoh, byBT{
FoXk ;[wB
i' T[ g fiT[ ;' fpBf; j? go' nki[ e? ekfb ..
BkBe jfo r[ B rkfJ b/ Skfv ;rb iz i kb..
;tortk;h phph irdhF e"o ih, fwZm p'bV/ ;po ns/ ;zs'y dh w{os, jo n'eV I
t/b/ ns/ ;[y ftu th r[o{ wjkoki dh n'N b?e/ ;qh ;[ywBh ;kfjp d/ gkm ns/ fBozso ;kfji
I
gkm Bkb nkgD/ nkg ~ i'Vh ofynk, nkgD/ Go/ g[o/ gqtko g[so ;0 joihs f;zx, ;0 oDihs
Z
f;zx, ~jk, g'so/ g'sohnK ns/ nkgD/ gsh ;0 pbd/t f;zx ;Zpotkb gqXkB okw rfVnk
fpokdkoh byBT{ ns/ Fkpek gqXkB ;qh r[o{ f;zx ;Gk nkbwpkr byBT{ ~ fwsh 30-09-2012
~ j'J/ n?e;hv?N ftu r[o{ wjkoki d/ GkD/ nB[;ko ;dhthI ftS'Vk d/ rJ/ jD. fwsh
;t0 phph irdhF e"o 04-09-2012 ~ f;qrko Bro r[od[nko/ fty/ nzfsw nodk; t/b/ Gkoh frBsh ftZu ;zrsk w"id
z {
(1954-2012) ;B. @@gzikph ;[wB## tb'I ;oXKibh nogs j? ns/ nodk; j? fe tkfjr[o{ nkgD/ uoDk
ftu phph ih ~ fBtk; pyFD ns/ gqtko ~ GkDk wZBD dk pb pyFB.
(7)


UP ADD

(8)


5, 6 Áå¶ 7 ÁÕå±ìð é±§ Çåzñ¯Úé ÇÃ§Ø ÃÅÔéÆ é±§
ÃzÆ Ã°ÖîéÆ ÃÅÇÔì Ã¶òÅ Ã°ÃÅÇÂàÆÁÅº íÅðå çÅ îÅä ê°ðÃÕÅð
çÅ CIòÅº Ãðì ÇÔ§ç ÃîÅ×î ñ§çé, íÅðå ç¶ ÃÅìÕÅ Õ±àéÆåµ× å¯º À°çîÆ
ìä¶ Çåzñ¯Úé ÇÃ§Ø ÃÅÔéÆ é±§ íÅðå Áå¶ ìðåÅéÆÁÅ
ìÇá§âÅ, ÃzÆ Ã°ÖîéÆ ÃÅÇÔì Ã¶òÅ Ã°ÃÅÇÂàÆ íÅÂÆ ÇòÚ À°é·Åº çÆÁÅº ôÅéçÅð Ã¶òÅòÅº ñÂÆ ÒíÅðå çÅ îÅäÒ
ØéµÂÆÁÅº ÜÆ òñ¯º CIòÅº Ãðì ÇÔ§ç ÃîÅ×î ÃzÆ ×°ð± ê°ðÃÕÅð éÅñ ÃéîÅÇéå ÕÆåÅ Ç×ÁÅ ÔË¢ Ã. ÃÅÔéÆ é±§
×z§æ ÃÅÇÔì ÜÆ çÆ Ô÷±ðÆ ÇòÚ ÃzÆ Ã°ÖîéÆ ÃÅÇÔì ç¶ ÇÂÔ ÃéîÅé Áå¶ Ã¯é åî×Å ÇìzÇàô ÇÂ÷ñÅÃ ê§ÜÅìÆ
êÅá ìó± ÃÅÇÔì çÆÁÅº ìµÚÆÁÅº é¶ ê°ðÅåé ÃÅÜÅº éÅñ Ã°ÃÅÇÂàÆ òñ¯º ÕðòÅÂ¶ ÚËÇðàÆ êz¯×ðÅî ÇòÖ¶ íÅðåÆ
Áð§í ÕÆåÅ Áå¶ Ã§×åÅº é¶ Ã§×åÆ ð±ê ÇòÚ êÇó·ÁÅ- ÔÅÂÆ ÕÇîôé ÇòÚ î§åðÆ (åÅñî¶ñ) ÁËÃ. ÁËÃ. ÇÃµè±
Ã°ÇäÁÅ¢ èÅðÇîÕ ÃîÅ×î ÃæÅéÕ ôÇÔð ç¶ ÖÅñÃÅ òñ¯º êzçÅé ÕÆåÅ Ç×ÁÅ¢ ÃéîÅé êµåð î°åÅìÕ Çåzñ¯Úé
ÃÆéÆÁð ÃËÕ§âðÆ ÃÕ±ñ ç¶ Ö¶â ×ðÅÀ°ºâ é¶ó¶ î°ñåÅéÆÁÅº ÇÃ§Ø çÅ ñ×ê× B@ ÃÅñ Õ±àéÆåµ× Ã¶òÅ çÅ ÇðÕÅðâ
ìÔ°å ÔÆ ôÅéçÅð ÇðÔÅ ÔË Áå¶ À°é·Åº é±§ íÅðå ÇòÚ
ê°ñ é÷çÆÕ ÔÅÜÆ ðåé ÃÅÇÔì ÇòÖ¶ Ô¯ÇÂÁÅ ÔË¢ ÇÜÃ
ÕÂÆ ÃÖôÆÁåÅº å¯º ÕÅëÆ ÃéîÅé Çîñ¶ Ôé Áå¶ íÅðå
ÇòÚ íÅðå òðô çÆÁÅº 206 ÃzÆ Ã°ÖîéÆ ÃÅÇÔì Ã¶òÅ ç¶ ðÅôàðêåÆ òñ¯º À°é·Åº é±§ ÁÅêä¶ ÜÆòé é±§ Öåð¶
Ã°ÃÅÇÂàÆÁÅº ç¶ ñ×í× 10,000 îËºìðÅ çÆ ôî±ñÆÁå ÇòÚ êÅ Õ¶ Ã¶òÅòÅº ÇéíÅÀ°ä ìçñ¶ ìÔÅçðÆ ê°ðÃÕÅð
Ô¯ÂÆ¢ êÇÔñ¶ Ççé çÅ ÃîÅ×î D òÜ¶ ô°ð± Ô¯ Õ¶ ç¶ð ðÅå éÅñ ÃéîÅÇéå ÕÆåÅ Ç×ÁÅ ÔË¢ ÇÂÃ î½Õ¶ Ô¯ð ÚÅð
åµÕ ÚµÇñÁÅ¢ ÃzÆ Ã°ÖîéÆ ÃÅÇÔì ç¶ êÅá À°êð§å ÕÆðåé Ã§Ãç îËºìðÅº ñ¶ìð êÅðàÆ ç¶ Çòð¶ºçð ôðîÅ Áå¶ à¯ðÆ
çðìÅð ÃÜÅÇÂÁÅ Ç×ÁÅ ÇÜÃ ÇòÚ íÅÂÆ ñÖÇò§çð ÇÃ§Ø, êÅðàÆ ç¶ êÅñ À°µêñ, òêÅðÆ ÜÃìÆð ÇÃ§Ø Áé§ç å¶
ÇÕôé ÇÃ§Ø, íÅÂÆ ×°ðå¶Ü ÇÃ§Ø ìÇá§âÅ å¯º ÇÂñÅòÅ ðÅÇÜ§çð ÇÃ§Ø Ú¯êóÅ (îðé À°êð§å) é±§ òÆ ÃéîÅÇéå
ÕÆåÅ Ç×ÁÅ¢
íÅÂÆ ðÅÇÂ ÇÃ§Ø Ô÷±ðÆ ðÅ×Æ åõå ÃzÆ çîçîÅ ÃÅÇÔì
òÅÇñÁÅº é¶ Ã§×åÅº é±§ ×°ð± ÜµÃ ðÅÔÆº êzí± ÚðéÅº éÅñ ÃzÆ ÔÇðî§çð ÃÅÇÔì ÒÚ Ô°ä
Ü¯ÇóÁÅ¢ ÇÂÃ å¯º ìÅÁç ÕòÆ çðìÅð ÒÚ Çêz§ÃÆêñ Ú§éä
ÇÃ§Ø ÚîÕ Ôð×¯Çì§çê°ðÆ, ÇÂ§Ü: ÕðîÜÆå ÇÃ§Ø é±ð ÒÇê§éÆ êzôÅçÒ òÆ Çîñ¶×Å
Üñ§èð, Ã: ÔðÆ ÇÃ§Ø ÜÅÚÕ ñ°ÇèÁÅäÅ, Ã: ÜË ÇÃ§Ø Á§ÇîzåÃð, åõå ÃzÆ êàéÅ ÃÅÇÔì, åõå ÃzÆ
êðòÅéÅ ôÅÔìÅç îÅðÕ§âÅ Áå¶ Ã: îÇÔ§çð ÇÃ§Ø ìÅòÅ Ô÷±ð ÃÅÇÔì, ÃzÆ Ô¶îÕ°§à ÃÅÇÔì å¶ Ô¯ð ç±ð-ç°ðÅâ¶ ÃÇæå
ÇçµñÆ òÅñ¶ å¯º ÇÂñÅòÅ Ô¯ð òÆ éÅîÆ ÕòÆ ÁÅêäÆÁÅº ×°ðèÅîÅº çÆ åð·Åº ç¶ô-Çòç¶ô å¯º ÃµÚÖ§â ÃzÆ ÔÇðî§çð
×°ðîÇå ÕÇòåÅòÅº ðÅÔÆº Ã§×åÅº é±§ ÇéÔÅñ ÕÆåÅ¢ ÃÅÇÔì ÇòÖ¶ îµæÅ à¶Õä ÁÅÀ°ä òÅñÆÁÅº Ã§×åÅº çÆÁÅº
íÅòéÅòÅº ç¶ îµç¶é÷ð ôz¯îäÆ Õî¶àÆ ÃµÚÖ§â ÃzÆ ÔÇðî§çð
6 nes{po ~ d'gfjo 1 ti/ s'I F[o{ j'e/ 6$7
ÃÅÇÔì å¯º ÒÇê§éÆ êzôÅçÒ ô°ð± Õð ÇçµåÅ Ç×ÁÅ ÔË¢ ÇÂÃ
nes{po oks Go dhtkB ;fink fi; ftZu ;qh ;[ywBh ;kfjp å¯º ÇÂñÅòÅ ÃµÚÖ§â ÃzÆ ÔÇðî§çð ÃÅÇÔì ÇòÖ¶ ôðèÅñ±ÁÅº
d/ gkm s'I nkozG eoe/ GkJh r[o fJepkb f;zx, ji{oh okrh òµñ¯º í¶à ÕÆå¶ ÜÅä òÅñ¶ ÕóÅÔ êzôÅç çÆ ç¶× é±§ í¯×
GkJh r[od/t f;zx GkJh sfizdo f;zx yzB/ tkb/, GkJh ñÅÀ°ä çÅ ÃæÅé ìçñÕ¶ çðôéÆ ÇâúãÆ Õð ÇçµåÅ
irw'jB f;zx gfNnkb/ tkfbnK B/ o;fGzB/ ehosB Bkb Ç×ÁÅ ÔË¢ Ú½æ¶ êÅåôÅÔ ×°ð± ðÅîçÅÃ ÜÆ ç¶ êzÕÅô ê°ðì
;zrsK ~ fBjkb ehsk. dopko ;kfjp s'I nkJ/ f;zx ;kfjp î½Õ¶ ôz¯îäÆ Õî¶àÆ òµñ¯º ÃzÆ ÔÇðî§çð ÃÅÇÔì çÆ êzÕðîÅ
frnkBh wkB f;zx B/ r[owfs ftukoK Bkb ;zrsK ~ ÇòÖ¶ ÕóÅÔ êzôÅç êzÅêå Õðé òÅñÆÁÅº ÇÖóÕÆÁÅº å¯º
êÇÔñÅº C ÇÖóÕÆÁÅº ÇÃð¯êÅ Áå¶ Çê§éÆ êzôÅç ñÂÆ H
i'fVnk. 7 nes{po nfwqs t/b/ fBsB/w ns/ ;qh ;[ywBh
ÁÕå±ìð Ã¯îòÅð Òå¯º Ö¯ñÆÁÅº ×ÂÆÁÅº Ôé Áå¶ ÁðçÅÃ
;kfjp d/ gkm T[gozs ftFkb Bro ehosB Ffjo d/ nbr- ÕðÕ¶ ÒÇê§éÆ êzôÅçÒ ÇåÁÅð Õðé çÅ Õ§î ÁÅð§í Õð
nbr fjfFnK s'I j'dk j'fJnk ;wkrw ;Eb s/ tkg; nk
I ÇçµåÅ Ç×ÁÅ ÔË¢
e/ ;wkrw dh ;zg{oDsk j'Jh.
(9)


îñÅñÅ çÆ Õ°ðìÅéÆ
-ìðÇÜ§çð ÇÃ§Ø Ôîçðç
êÅÇÕÃåÅé ÒÚ îñÅñÅ ï±Ãø÷ÂÆ ÇÂÕ ÁÇÜÔÅ ÇÂÃ Çîôé ÒÚ ê±ðÆ åð·Åº Ãøñ éÔÆº Ô¯ ÃÕÆ¢ êÇÔñ¶
éÅºÁ ìä Õ¶ À°µíÇðÁÅ ÔË, ÇÜÃ çÆ Ôð êÅÃ¶ ÚðÚÅ ÔË¢ êÅÇÕÃåÅéÆ ÔÅÕîÅº é¶ åÅº ÇÂé·Åº ÁµåòÅçÆ Ã§×áéÅº
ÇÂÔ éÅºÁ ÇÃðø êÅÇÕÃåÅé åµÕ ÔÆ ÃÆîå éÔÆº ÇðÔÅ, ç¶ î¯ã¶ Òå¶ ì§ç±Õ ðµÖÆ ÃÆ êð Ô°ä À°é·Åº çÆ ÇÂÃ
Ã×¯º ç°éÆÁÅ íð ç¶ ç¶ôÅº ÒÚ ÜÅÇäÁÅ ÜÅä ñµ×Å ÔË¢ ì§ç±Õ çÅ î±§Ô ø½Ü òµñ Áå¶ ÃðÕÅð òµñ é±§ ÔÆ Ô¯
ÇÂÔ éÅºÁ êÅÇÕÃåÅé ç¶ ç°ÖÅºå éÅñ Ü°ÇóÁÅ Ô¯ÇÂÁÅ Ú°µÕÅ ÔË¢ êÅÇÕÃåÅéÆ ÃðÕÅð å¶ ÃîÅÜ åÅº ÁÇÜÔÆ
ÔË ¢ ÇêÛñ¶ ÕÂÆ çÔÅÇÕÁÅº å¯ º êÅÇÕÃåÅé çÅ Ú°ä½åÆ é±§ Õì±ñ Õðé çÅ ÔÆÁÅ éÔÆº Õð ÃÇÕÁÅ êð
ØàéÅÕzî ì¶Ôµç Ú½ºÕÅÀ°ä òÅñÅ ÇðÔÅ ÔË¢ ÇÂÃ ç¶ô ÁÇÜÔÅ ÔÆÁÅ Õðé çÆ À°çÅÔðé ìä ×ÂÆ ÔË îñÅñÅ
çÅ ì¶óÅ ÇÂÃ ç¶ îñÅÔÅº é¶ ÔÆ ×ÇÔð¶ Áå¶ ÁôÅºå ï±Ãø÷ÂÆ¢ AD ÃÅñÅº çÆ ÇÂÃ Õ°óÆ é¶ ÇêÛñ¶ Õ°Þ
êÅäÆÁÅº ÒÚ À°åÅð ÇçµåÅ ÔË¢ ÇçôÅÔÆä Ô¯ÇÂÁÅ ÇÂÔ òÇð·ÁÅº ÒÚ ÁµåòÅçÆÁÅº ç¶ îéÃ±ÇìÁÅº çÅ ÃÅÔîäÅ
ì¶óÅ ÁÇå çÆÁÅº Ø°§îäØ¶ðÆÁÅº ÒÚ ëÇÃÁÅ é÷ð Õðé ÇòÚ Ü¯ çñ¶ðÆ ÇçÖÅÂÆ ÔË, À°Ã çÆ À°çÅÔðé
ÁÅÀ°ºçÅ ÔË¢ ÇÂÃ¶ ñÂÆ êÅÇÕÃåÅé ÁµÜ ÇÂÕ ÁÃÇæð Øµà ÔÆ ÇîñçÆ ÔË¢ çðÁÃñ åÅÇñìÅé é¶ ÃòÅå
ç¶ô ìÇäÁÅ Ô¯ÇÂÁÅ ÔË¢ ÇÂÃ çÅ íÇòµÖ è°§çñÅ é÷ð ØÅàÆ ÒÚ Õ°óÆÁÅº é±§ ÇÃµÇÖÁÅ éÅ ç¶ä ç¶ øðîÅé
ÁÅÀ°ºçÅ ÔË¢ ÇÂÃ çÆ ×°µæÆ ì¶Ôµç ×°§ÞñçÅð Ô¯ÂÆ ÜÅºçÆ ÜÅðÆ Õð Ççµå¶ Ãé¢ À°é·Åº ç¶ ÃÕ±ñ ãÇÔ-ã¶ðÆ Õð
ÔË¢ ÇÂÃ¶ ñÂÆ ÇÂÃ ç¶ íÇòµÖ ìÅð¶ Áé¶ÕÅº åð·Åº çÆÁÅº Ççµå¶ Ãé¢ êð îñÅñÅ é¶ Ã°Ú¶å ð±ê ÒÚ éåÆÇÜÁÅº
ÇÕÁÅÃ-ÁðÅÂÆÁÅº ñ×ÅÂÆÁÅº ÜÅ ðÔÆÁÅº Ôé, Ü¯ ÇÕ çÆ êzòÅÔ éÅ Õðç¶ Ô¯Â¶ ÇÂé·Åº ÁµåòÅçÆÁÅº é±§
êÅÇÕÃåÅé ç¶ ÔµÕ ÒÚ éÔÆº ÜÅºçÆÁÅº¢ Ü¶Õð ÇÂÃ ç¶ ò§×ÅÇðÁÅ¢ À°Ã é¶ ñóÕÆÁÅº çÆ ÇÃµÇÖÁÅ Áå¶ Ö°µñ·¶-
î½Ü±çÅ ØàéÅÕzî é±§ ç¶ÇÖÁÅ ÜÅò¶ åÅº ÁÇÜÔÆÁÅº â°µñ·¶ ÃîÅÜ çÆ ÇÃðÜäÅ ñÂÆ ÇéèóÕ Ô¯ Õ¶ Þ§âÅ
ÇÕÁÅÃÁðÅÂÆÁÅº ÇòÚ òµâÅ ÃµÚ é÷ð ÁÅÀ°ºçÅ ÔË¢ Ú°µÇÕÁÅ¢ ÇìÜñÂÆ îÆâÆÁÅ å¶ ÁõìÅðÅº ÒÚ À°Ã é¶
ÁµÜ Ü¶Õð ÇÂÔ ç¶ô ÇÂé·Åº ÃÇæåÆÁÅº ÒÚ¯º ÇÕÃ¶ åð·Åº ì¶Ö½ø Ô¯ Õ¶ ÁÅêä¶ ÇòÚÅð ç¶ä¶ ô°ð± Õð Ççµå¶¢ êð
À°°µíðéÅ òÆ ÚÅÔ¶, åÅº òÆ ÇÂÃ ç¶ À°µíðé çÆ òµâÆ À°Ã é±§ òÆ Ô¯ðÅº òÅº× ÃìÕ ÇÃÖÅÀ°ä ñÂÆ åÅÇñìÅé
ÁÅÃ é÷ð éÔÆº ÁÅÀ° º çÆ¢ ÇÂæ¯ º ç¶ ÃîÅÜ ÒÚ ç¶ ÁµåòÅçÆÁÅº òµñ¯º ×¯ñÆÁÅº îÅðÆÁÅº ×ÂÆÁÅº, ÇÜÃ
ÁµåòÅçÆÁÅº é¶ Ú¯ÖÆ Ø°ÃêËá Õð ñÂÆ ÔË¢ ñ¯Õ âð¶ ÕðÕ¶ ÁµÜ À°Ô Ç÷§ç×Æ å¶ î½å çÆ ñóÅÂÆ ñó ðÔÆ
Áå¶ ÃÇÔî¶ Ô¯Â¶ Ôé¢ ÃðÕÅð ì¶Ôµç Õî÷¯ð é÷ð ÔË¢ êð ÇÂÃ ØàéÅ é¶ êÅÇÕÃåÅé ÇòÚ ÁµåòÅçÆÁÅº
ÁÅÀ°ºçÆ ÔË¢ ø½Ü ç¶ ÁÅêä¶ îéÃ±ì¶ Ôé¢ ÁµåòÅçÆ å¯º Û°àÕÅðÅ êÅÀ°ä çÆ ÇÂÕ éòÆº ñÇÔð é±§ ÷ð±ð
Üéî ÇçµåÅ ÔË¢ Õ°Þ èÅðÇîÕ ÁÅ×±ÁÅº é¶ òÆ ÇÂé·Åº
Ã§×áé Ççé¯º-Ççé î÷ì±å Ô¯ ðÔ¶ Ôé å¶ ê±ðÆ åð·Åº
ÁµåòÅçÆÁÅº ç¶ ÇÖñÅø ëåò¶ ÜÅðÆ ÕÆå¶ Ôé¢ ÁÅî
×µÜ-òµÜ Õ¶ ÁÅêäÆÁÅº ÇÔ§ÃÕ Ãð×ðîÆÁÅº é±§ Á§÷Åî
ñ¯Õ À°é·Åº çÆÁÅº Õð±ð ÕÅðòÅÂÆÁÅº Çòð°µè À°á Öó·¶
ç¶ ðÔ¶ Ôé¢ ÁµåòÅç ç¶ ×ó· òÜ¯º ÃòÅå ØÅàÆ çÅ
Ô¯Â¶ Ôé¢ ñµ×çÅ ÔË ÇÕ ÁÅÀ°ä òÅñ¶ Ãî¶º ÇòÚ ÇÂÔ
éÅºÁ ì¶Ôµç îôÔ±ð Ô¯ Ú°µÕÅ ÔË, ÇÜµæ¶ åÅÇñìÅé é¶ ÁµåòÅçÆ Ã§×áé ÇÂÕµñ¶-ÕÇÔð¶ ðÇÔ ÜÅä×¶¢ À°é·Åº
B@@G ÇòÚ Õì÷Å Õð ÇñÁÅ ÃÆ Áå¶ ø½Ü é¶ B@@I Á§çð êËçÅ Ô¯ÂÆ ÇéðÅôÅ êÅÇÕÃåÅé ñÂÆ ÇÂÕ Ú§×Å
ÇòÚ ÇÂÕ ø½ÜÆ ÕÅðòÅÂÆ å¯º ìÅÁç ÇÂÃ é±§ Õ°Þ Ôµç Ã°é¶ÔÅ ÃÅìå Ô¯ ÃÕçÆ ÔË¢ ÇìéÅº ôµÕ ÁÅÀ°ä òÅñ¶
åµÕ î°Õå ÕðòÅÇÂÁÅ ÃÆ¢ Ô°ä Çëð À°æ¶ åÅÇñìÅé Ãî¶º ÒÚ îñÅñÅ çÆ À°çÅÔðé êÅÇÕÃåÅé çÆ éòÆº
ÁÅêä¶ êËð î÷ì±å Õðç¶ ÜÅ ðÔ¶ Ôé¢ ø½Ü é¶ À°é·Åº é±§ êÆó·Æ ñÂÆ ÇÂÕ òµâ¶ À°åôÅÔ çÅ Ã¯îÅ ÃÅìå Ô¯ò¶×Æ¢
À°æ¯º Õµãä ñÂÆ ê±ðÅ ÷¯ð ñÅÇÂÁÅ ÃÆ¢ êð À°Ô ÁÅêä¶ (nihs s' I ;kGko)
(10)


ÚðÇÚñ çÆ íÇòµÖìÅäÆ é±§ ÁÃÆº ÃÔÆ ÇÃµè Õð ÇçµåÅ!
îËº ÚÅÔ°§çÅ ÔÅº ÇÕ îËº ÁÅêä¶ êÅáÕÅº ÖÅÃ àËÕÃ ñµ×ä å¯º éÔÆº ìÚ¶×Æ¢ ÇÃðë ÔòÅ î°øå Çîñ¶×Æ
ÕðÕ¶ é½ÜòÅé êÆó·Æ éÅñ ÇòÜ¶ºçð ×°êåÅ ç°ÁÅðÅ Áå¶ ÇÂé·Åº ñµÖÅº í°µÖ¶ ñ¯ÕÅº çÅ Ö±é Â¶àñÆ ç¶ ÇÃð Òå¶
í¶Ü¶ ×Â¶ ÇÂÕ ÇçñÚÃê ñ¶Ö ç¶ ÇÂÃ ÇÔµÃ¶ é±§ ÃÅºÞÅ Ô¯ò¶×Å¢Ò ÇéÃÇÚå å½ð Òå¶ ÃÅâÆ ÇÕÃ¶ éÅñ Õ¯ÂÆ å°ñéÅ
ÕðÅº, ÒÜç¯º ÇÂ§×ñËºâ ç¶ êzèÅé î§åðÆ Õñ¶î¶ºà Â¶àñÆ éÔÆº ÔË¢ ÁÃÆº ìÔ°å ÇîÔéå ÕÆåÆ ÔË Áå¶ ÇéÃÇÚå
é¶ AIDG ÇòÚ íÅðå çÆ ÁÅ÷ÅçÆ Ãì§èÆ Çìµñ ê¶ô ð±ê éÅñ ÇÂÃ ×µñ é±§ ÃÔÆ ÇÃµè ÕÆåÅ ÔË¢
ÕÆåÅ Áå¶ ìðåÅéòÆ êÅðñÆîËºà ÇòÚ ÇÂÃ Òå¶ ìÇÔÃ ÇòÁÅÜ çÅ í°×åÅé
Ô¯ ðÔÆ ÃÆ åÅº ÇÂ§×ñËºâ ç¶ ï°µèÕÅñÆé êzèÅé î§åðÆ Üéðñ ïÅÔÆÁÅ ÖÅé êÅÇÕÃåÅé ç¶ ÇÂÇåÔÅÃ
Ãð Çò§Ãàé ÚðÇÚñ é¶ ×°µÃ¶ éÅñ ÇÂÔ ÇàµêäÆ ÕÆåÆ ÇòÚ Ãí å¯º Ç÷ÁÅçÅ ð§×Æñ¶ Ãé¢ À°é·Åº çÆÁÅº ìÔ°å
ÇÕ Ò(íÅðå é±§ ÁÅ÷ÅçÆ ç¶ä éÅñ) ñ°µÇÚÁÅº, ìçîÅôÅº ÃÅðÆÁÅº Á½ðåÅº Çîµåð Ãé, ÇÜò¶º ÇÕ é±ðÜÔÅº,
Áå¶ î°øåÖ¯ðÅº ç¶ ÔµæÅº ÇòÚ ÃµåÅ ÚñÆ ÜÅò¶×Æ¢ ÁÕñÆî Áõåð, åðÅéÅ ÁÅÇç¢ À°Ô ôðÅìÆ Áå¶
ÃÅð¶ íÅðåÆ é¶åÅ îÅî±ñÆ ÕÅìñÆÁå òÅñ¶ Áå¶ ÇåäÕ¶ ÁµïÅô Ãé¢ ëÆñâ îÅðôñ îÅéÕ ôÅÔ é¶ çµÇÃÁÅ
çÆ åð·Åº Ô¯ä×¶¢ À°é·Åº çÆ ÷ìÅé ÇîµáÆ Ô¯ò¶×Æ Áå¶ ÃÆ ÇÕ ïÅÔÆÁÅ é¶ î¶ð¶ å¯º î¯àð ÃÅÂÆÕñ ÖðÆÇçÁÅ
Ççñ ÇòÚ ìçîÅôÆ Ô¯ò¶×Æ (íÅò î±§Ô ÒÚ ðÅî-ðÅî ÃÆ êð À°Ã òÕå À°Ã é¶ îËé±§ E@@ ð°êÂ¶ éÔÆº Ççµå¶
ì×ñ ÇòÚ Û°ðÆ) À°Ô ÃµåÅ ñÂÆ ÁÅêÃ ÒÚ ñóé×¶ Ãé êð ìÅÁç ÇòÚ À°Ã é¶ îËé±§ ÁÅêäÅ ÁµèÅ ç¶ô
Áå¶ íÅðå ðÅÜéÆåÕ èó¶ì§çÆ ÇòÚ ×°ÁÅÚ ÜÅò¶×Å¢ ç¶ ÇçµåÅ¢ (íÅðå)
êÅäÆ çÆ ì¯åñ å¯º ð¯àÆ ç¶ à°µÕó¶ åµÕ Õ¯ÂÆ òÆ ÚÆ÷ - y[ ; tz s f;z x

ukbhjk
eJh fdBK s'I r[od[nko/ iKdh f;wo ~ Bkb dh o[ektNK d{o eo fdzdk j?.## f;wo B/ fejk @@ub' i/
r[nKYD r[ow[y phph B/ g[ZfSnk, @@e[V/ f;wo, s{z nZi o[ektN Bk th j't/ sK nkgD/ nkg ~ fJe pzXB ftu sK
;t/o/ feXo rJh ;h <## pzBQ fbnk Bk < i/ fBZsB/w eoBk jh pzXB brdk j? sK fJj
ukuh ih, @@w?I r[od[nko/ ukbhjk eZND iKdh jK. sK j'o th tZvk pzXB j? fe BjhI < fco fizBhnK ;wZf;nktK
40 gkm ;[Zy/ jB, efjzd/ B/ 40 gkm eoB Bkb (ukbhjK jZb eoBhnK j'DrhnK T[B/ jh ukbhj/ eZND/ g?Dr/, feT[fI e
eZND Bkb) pj[s ckfJdk j[dk j?. o'} Bzr/ g?ohI r[od[nko/
z ;tkoE fgS/ ]kfjF g?dk j[dh j? s/ ykjFK dh g{osh bJh
z
ikJhdk j? s/ Bkb/ T[E/ ig[ ih ;kfjp dk gkm eohdk sK fJj' ezw eoBk g?dk j?. go i/ t?;/ jh fpBK ;tkoE
I
J/.##HHHH f;wo B/ itkp fdZsk. d/ r[opkDh gVQd/ ojhJ/ s/ pzXB s'I th w[es ofjzfdnK jo
@@g[Zso f;wo ! f;Zyh ftu ubhfjnK dh e'Jh EK uh} dh gqkgsh j[zdh oj/ sK fco fejVk ;;sk ;"dk j?,
BjhI j?. fJj sK fJe @;"dpk}h# j' rJh fe ukbQhJ/ eZN
/ ukbhjk iK pkDh. r[o{ ;kfjpK B/ sK ;w[uh pkDh ftu jh
Z
bU s/ ckfJdk b? bt'. i/ Gbk fe;/ ekoB eoe/ o[ektN d[yK-w[;hpsK ~ nkfynk j? L
Z
g? ikJ/ sK fco ckfJd/ s'I tKM/ j' rJ/ Bk <## ukuh B/ @@d{y o'r ;zskg T[so/ ;[Dh ;uh pkDh..##
nkgDh Fzek oZyfdnK fejk. rtKYD ukuh B/ ;wMkfJnk.
BjhI ukuh ih, @@J/dK j' jh BjhI ;edk fe ukbhj/ j[D f;wo ~ rtKYD ukuh d/ ej/ puBK dk e'Jh itkp
ftu o[ektN g? ikt/ < gqwkswk nkg ikDh ikD j?, T[j BjhI ;[M fojk ;h.
Z
ikDdk j? fe fJ;B/ gkm eoBk wzfBnk j? s/ fJ; bJh T[j r[ogqhs f;zx
(11)


nzfwqs t/bk frnkBh noiB f;zx
r[o{ BkBe d/t ih dk tke j? L- gfjo, oks d/ S/ s'I B"I ti/ sZe, Grsh d/ g"d/ ~ c[Zb
nzfwqs t/bk ;u[ BkT[[ tfvnkJh thuko[.. brd/ jB. fgSb/ gfjo, ;t/o/ fszB s'I S/ ti/ sZe, T[;
(ig[ ih ;kfjp, gzBk 2) g"d/ ~ cb brd/ jB. fijV/ wB[Zy ikrd/ jB T[j
Gkt nzfwqs t/b/ TZm e/ @gqwkswk d/ Bkw dh nkgD/ wkbe e'b'I Bkw dh dks gqkgs eod/ jB,
tfvnkJh #s/ ftuko eo'. fJj T[Zso r[o{ ih fJ; s'I fit/ L
gfjbhnK d' s[eK ftu ehs/ gqFB s'I T[gozs fdzd/ jB. gfjb? gjo? c[bVk cb[ Gh gSk okfs..
gfjbhnK d' s[eK fJj jB L i' ikrzfB bjzfB ;/ ;kJh ezB' dkfs..
c/ f o fe nr? oyhn? fis[ fd;? dopko[ . . (gzBk 1384)
w[ j " fe p' b D[ p' b hn? fis[ ;[ f D Xo/ fgnko[ . . F/y cohd ih sK fJZE'I sZe efjzd/ jB fe oks
(gzBk 2) t/b/ Bkw dh e;s{oh tzvh iKdh j?, fijVh ;Zs/ j'J/ wB[yK
[ Z
Gkt fco gqwkswk nZr/ fejVh G/Nk oyhJ/ fi; ~ fe;/ Gkn th Bjh fwbdh. fizBKQ d/ B?D BhIdo tkb/
Bkb T[; dk dopko fdZ; gt/ ns/ w{zj s'I fejVK p'b jB T[jBK ~ fJj fwbDh w[Feb j? fit/I L
p'bhJ/ fi; p'b ~ ;[D e/ T[j tkfjr[o{ ;kv/ Bkb fgnko cohdk okfs eE{oh tzvhn? ;[fsnK fwb? B GkT[..
eo/ < fJjBK d'jK gqFBK dk T[Zso ;kfjp B/ nkg jh fizBK B?D BhIdktb/ fszBK fwbD[ e[nkT[..
fdZsk j? L (gzBk 1382)
nzfwqs t/bk ;u[ BkT[ tfvnkJh thuko[.. r[opkDh dk tke j? -
(ig[ ih ;kfjp, gzBk 2) Mkbkx/ T[ f m Bkw[ ifg fBf; pk;[ o nkokfX.
jo Xow iK w}jp ftu nzfwqs t/b/ ~ wjkB ekoQk s[M? B fpnkgJh BkBe fwN? T[gkfX..
fejk frnk j?. e'Jh fJ; ~ #pqjw wj{os# efjzdk j? (gzBk 255)
ns/ e'Jh ;[GkQ ;kde. r[opkDh ftu fJ; ;w/I ~ nzfwqs r[o{ ;kfjp dk j[ew j? L
t/bk fejk frnk j?. nzfwqs t/bk shi/ gfjo s'I T[gozs BkT[ gqGks? ;pfd fXnkJhn? S'vj[ d[Bh gohsk..
ns/ ;{oi uVQB s'I gfjbK d/ ;w/I ~ fejk frnk j?. fJ; gq D tfs BkBe dk;fB dk;k ifr jkfonk fsfB ihsk..
t/b/ ~ u"Ek gfjo th fejk frnk j? L (gzBk 1330)
uT[E? gjfo ;pkj e? ;[ofsnk T[gi? ukT[.. r[o{ j[ew j? L
fsBk dohnktk f;T[ d';sh wfB w[fy ;uk BkT[.. fuVh u[jeh gj[ c[Nh trfB pj[s[ sozr..
(gzBk 146) nuoi o{g ;zsB ou/ BkBe Bkwfj ozr..
Gkt ;[pQK d/ u"E/ gfjo oZp ftu ;[os i'VB (gzBk 319)
tkfbnK d/ wB ftu ukn g?dk j[dk j?. T[jBK b'eK dh
z ;qh r[o{ rqE ;kfjp ih ftu fJeZsh okr jB.
z
T[; t/b/ dfonktK Bkb d';sh j[zdh j?. Gkt T[j ;G s'I gfjbk okr ;qh okr j? fijVk oks dk okr j?
fJFBkB eod/ jB ns/ T[jBK d/ wB s/ w{j ftu ;Zukz Gkt fJj okr oks F[o{ j'D t/b/ gfjb/ gfjo rkfJnk
Bkw j[zdk j?. iKdk j?. ;G s'I nkyoh okr goGksh okr j? i' gj[
F/y cohd ih efjzd/ jB fe oks d/ gfjb/ c[ZND t/b/, ;t/o d/ ;w/I dk okr j?. r[opkDh dk ;qh
(12)

okr s'I nkozG j'Dk fJj dZ;dk j? fe wB[y d/ ;kjwD/
Z ;t/o/ nzfwqs t/b/ @s{z jh s{z jh#, @s/ok s/ok dk ikg eo
fJj jB/o/ tkbk okr j?. i/ fJj Bkw-pkDh dh o'FBh oj/ jB. wksk B/ fejk, @@g[so ! s/oh ;koh oks ikrfdnK
Z
ftu nkgDk ;co nkozG eo/ sK t/y/rk fe fJ; d/ bzx rJh j?, j[D sK }ok nkokw eo b?.## T[Zso
;kjwD/ gqG{ d/ gqrN j'D dh goGks nkt/rh. pkDh dh fwfbnk, @@wK ! t/y S'Nk fijk gghjk fJe ;ko ghnk ghnk
o'FBh ftu fJ; dk ;G nfrnkB-jB/ok d{o j' ikt/rk. p'b fojk j?, T[jdk ghnk pZdb T[; ~ fdZ; fojk j?
r[o{ rqE ;kfjp ih dh pkDh dh ;wkgsh ;w/I fJ;/ bJh
z sd th T[j T[; ~ brksko p[bk fojk j?. T[; S'N/
fJe s[e j? L fij/ gzSh dk jm t/y ! fco w?I sK fJe wB[Zy jK ! w/ok
sw ;z;ko[ uoB bfr sohn?. ghnk th nfdZy j?. i/ gzSh ;koh oks BjhI ;[Zsk sK w?I
;G[ BkBe pqjw g;ko'.. fet/I ;" ;edk jK. nk wK ! s{z th w/o/ Bkb p?m ! n;hI
(gzB 1429) d'tI/ fwb e/ nkgD/ fgnko/ gqG{ ~ fJ; gghj/ tKr g[ekohJ/
;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih gzikj ;kb dh T[wo se ! T[j gqhsw-fgnkok }o{o ;[D/rk s/ nzfwqs-ib dh
;z;ko dk oNB eod/ oj/ ns/ nyhob/ thj ;kb T[jBK pyfFF eo/rk -
B/ eoskog[o okth d/ feBko/ r[}ko/. T[E'I d/ o'}kBk pkphjk nzfwqs t/b? p'fbnk sK dfo ;[Dh g[eko..
gq'rokw dk t/otk GkJh r[odk; ih fJ; gqeko dZ;d/ w/ x ? B' c[ o wkB[ j' n k to;j[ feogk Xkfo ..
jB L (gzBk 1285)
;' do[ nkosh rkthn? nz f wq s t/ b ? ikg[ T[ u kok. fJe nwho ;/m ;[pQk ;kde T[Zm e/ ;?o eoB
(tko 1, gT[Vh 38) bJh nkgD/ pkr ftu frnk.
wksk fsqgsk ih B/ r[o{ BkBe d/t ih ~ S'N/ GKs-GKs d/ c[ Z b , xkj #s/ sq / b d/ s[ g e/ ,
j[fz dnK nkfynk, @@g[so ! i/ s{z j'o e'Jh ezw BjhI eoBk
Z nmy/bhnK eodh jtk, ufj-ujkT[d/ gzSh t/y e/ T[;
I
sK S'Nh-w'Nh d[ekB jh y'bQ b? !## r[o{ ih B/ T[Zso d/ wB ftu BFK fijk Sk frnk. gzShnK d/ fwZm/ p'bK
fdZsk L @@ wksk ih ! d[ekB #s/ w?I y'bQh jh j'Jh j?.## s/ ;[ohbhnK nktk}K dk ;zrhs T[; d/ wB ~ nfijk
wksk ih B/ j?okB j' e/ g[fZ Snk L @@g[so ! s/oh
Z Gk frnk fe T[; B/ nkgD/ B"eoK ~ j[ew fdZsk fe fJBQK
d[ekB feZE/ j? s/ ed'I y[bQdh j? < w?I sK T[j ed/ sZeh gzShnK ~ fgzifonk ftu pzd eoe/ xo b? ub' ! fJjBK
BjhI.## dk nzfwqs t/b/ dk ;zrhs w?I xo jh ;[fDnk eoKrk.
r[o{ ih B/ T[so fdZsk, @@wK ! w/oh d[ekB ;t/o/
Z B"eoK B/ ikb gkJ/ s/ gzShnK ~ geV e/ fgzifonK ftu
fszB ti/ y[bQdh j?, nzfwqs t/b/.## pzd eo fdZsk. fgzio/ xo ftu oZy fdZs/ rJ/. ;/m o'}
wK B/ g[fZSnk L @@T[; t/b/ e'Jh ;"dk th b?D ;t/o/ T[mdk s/ T[jBK dk ;[do ;zrhs ;[D e/ y[F jzdk.
Z z [
nkT[Zdk j?<## T[Zso fdZsk fe wK T[; t/b/ fJzB/ rkje fgzifonK ftu pzd gzShnK ~ uzrh y[oke fwbD bZrh.
j[d/ jB fe T[jBK ~ ;"dk d/D dh tkoh w[Feb j' iKdh
z frohnK yk-yk e/ T[j gzSh fdBK ftu w'N/ sk}/ j' rJ/
j?. r[o{ ih dk Gkt joh-Bkw dh d[ekB s'I ;h ns/ go j"bh-j"bh T[jBK dk ufjujkT[Dk s/ rkT[Dk pzd
nzfwqs t/b/ nkg ;Zu/ Bkw dh tfvnkJh eoB s/ eokT[D j' frnk. ;/m B/ j[ew fdZsk fe fJBQK ~ fgzifonK ftu'I
dk ;"dk eod/ ;B. SZv fdT[ feT[fI e j[D fJj ;zrhs ;[DkT[D d/ :'r BjhI
fJe fdB wksk fsqgsk ih B/ t/fynk fe ;"D- oj/. fgzifonK d/ p{j/ y'bQ fdZs/ rJ/ go gzShnK d/ goK
Gkdo'I d/ wjhB/ ftu T[jBK d/ fgnko/ g[Zso BkBe ih ftu gotk} eoB dh skes ]sw j' u[eh ;h. T[jBKZ

(13)

~ eZ[s/, fpZbhnK, pk}K s/ j'o ikBtoK B/ wko e/ yk p/dkoh n;s, f}zdrhJ/, ;kfjpkfB F"e.
fbnk. nfijk wB[y fijVk y{p yKdk-ghIdk s/ ;oho ~
Z r' : k jokw eodB n} nkfJz d k ykfp ;[ G Q k .
sK gkbdk j? go nzfwqs t/b/ gqG{ d/ Bkw dk ;zrhs BjhI Gkt i' oZp d/ fgnko/ jB T[jBK bJh ikrd/
rkT[dk T[; dk jkb fJBQK p/;o/ gzShnK tkbk jh j[dk
I [ z ofjDk jh f}zdrh j?. Bzd bkb B/ r[o-uoBK ftu gj[u
{ z
j?. T[; ~ d[yK, rwK, fuzsktK d/ e[s/ fpZb/ cV e/ nkgDk
Z Z e/ ;t/o d/ ;"D ~ jokw wzB fbnk j? iK ;t/o ~ Bk ;"D
nkjko pDk b?Id/ jB. fJ;/ bJh pkDh dk c[owkB dh ;j[z yk bJh j?.
j? L fJE'I gsk bZrdk j? fe r[o{ ;kfjpkB, GrsK s/
cohdk jT[ pfbjkoh fsB gzyhnK izrfb fizBk tk;[. r[of;ZyK B/ nzfwqs t/b/ ikrD dh fezBh wjkBsk s/
eeo[ u[rfB Efb t;fB op B S'vfB gk;[.. tfvnkJh dZ;h j?. r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih nBzdg[o SZv
(gzBk 1383) u[e/ jB. t?ohnK dhnK c"iK r[o{ ih d/ fgZS/ nk ojhnK
Z
GkJh Bzd Bkb ih Fkw ~ fJe Fkjh wjZb e'bI' jB. ;o;k Bdh ftu s{kB B}o nk fojk j?. j[D
bzx oj/ ;B. Fkjh wfjb ftu ;[o j'J/ ;k}K d/ nzfwqs t/bk j' frnk j? r[o{ ih B/ nk;k dh tko bkT[D
;zrhs #s/ nbkg j' fojk ;h. ;[okjh s/ ikw s/ :[tshnK dk j[ew fdZsk. pkoK gfjoK (SZsh xzN) s'I EZe/ s/ G[y/
/ Z
dk Bku-fBqs wfjb dk ozr pDk oj/ ;B. oks bzx fgnk;/ ;kEh Bkb jB. T[; t/b/ th r[o{ ;kfjp s/ ;ko/
rJh. nzfwqs t/b/ T[Zm e/ GkJh Bzd bkb T[;/ o;s/ f;Zy nzfwqs t/bk BjhI y[Mk oj/ Gkt/I d[FwD d/ jwb/ dk
z
fJFBkB eoB Bdh tZb ik oj/ ;B. t/fynk fe ;k} vo pfDnk j'fJnk j?. i'rh nZbkj:ko yK B/ T[;
s/ ;kfozd/ u[g jB, ;[okjh s/ ikw w{X/ gJ/ jB, fBqseko
Z ;w/I dk fdqF pV/ ;z[do FpdK ftu fpnkB ehsk j? L
s/ doFe ;[s/ jB, go wfjb dk dhtk bZN bZN pb
Z Ek ;o g/ tes nk frnk nk;k eh tko ek
fojk j? s/ o'FBh d/ fojk j?. nkg B/ fejk L ;k}' I e/ }ho' pw ek, uVQ k T[ T[ s ko ek
;[pjk dw r':k swkFkfJ nihp. wBFk Ek ebrhXo e/ fdb/ p/ eoko ek
i[wbk nkbw y[skU p/dko Fwnk. w" e k fwb/ s' eo b/ I GiB eodrko ek
Gkt, n? Bzd bkb ! ;t/o t/b/ nihp swkFk ip wkjt pzdrh j{J/ BkBe e/ ikBFhI
t/y fojk jK. ;koh d[BhnK ;" rJh j? go dhtk ni/ th nk N{N/ ]kb;k g/ nukBe eJh bJh.
ikr fojk j?. fJ;/ soQK dht/ tKr bZyK ftu'I e'Jh e'Jh pkpk F/y cohd ih sK nzfwqs t/b/ T[Zm e/
wB[y nzfwqs t/b/ ikrdk j? s/ nkgD/ fgnko/ gqhsw ftu
Z GiB-pzdrh ~ jh ihtB dk o{g wzBd/ jB. i/ fJj BjhI
i[Vdk j? pkeh ;koh d[BhnK nfrnkBsk dh BhId ftu j/ sK w"s jh mhe j?.
rtkuh j[zdh j?. T[m[ cohdk T[i{ ;kfi ;[pj fBtki r[ikfo..
GkJh Bzd bkb ih s'I fJe fdB f;ZyK B/ g[fZ Snk i' f;o[ ;KJh Bk fBt? ;' f;o[ efg T[skfo..
fe b'e shoEK #s/ iKd/ jB s/ T[E/ ik e/ e'Jh Bk e'Jh (gzBk 1381)
;j[z yk b?d/ jB fe fJj p[ok ezw BjhI eoKr/, iK wk;
I ns/
iK Fokp iK i{nk SZv fdnKr/. s[;hI nBzdg[o ;kfjp cohdk fgSb okfs B ikfrUfj ihtdV' w[fJUfj ..
d/ shoE #s/ nk e/ ebrhXo d/ uoBK ftu gj[zu e/ i/ s? op[ ft;kfonk s ofp B ft;foUfj..
fejVh p[okJh iK n?p SZvD dh ;j[z ykXh j? < GkJh (gzBk 1383)
;kfjp dk T[Zso ;hL

(14)

iBw fdjkV/ s/ ftF/FHHHHHHH
wjkokik oDihs f;z x ih
- gq:kr BokfJD fsqgkmh
d' ;dhnK gfjbk gzikp dh Xosh #s/ iBw/ se c?bh ;bsBs dh goik ~ fJe fBnK-g/wh b'eszsoh
q
d/F d/ wjkB ;g{s wjkokik oDihs f;zx ;[:r gqFk;e,
' ns/ :'r Fk;e d/ o{g ftu ;zs'y ns/ y[Fjkbh gqdkB
wjkB :'Xk, Xow fBogZy Fk;e ns/ wkBtsk d/ r[DK ehsh. okiBhse fdqFNhe'D s'I wjkokik oDihs f;zx
Bkb gohg{oD F];hns d/ o{g ftu ;dk :kd ehs/ B/ f;Zy-Xow dk XkoBh j[zd/ j'J/ th oki d/ y/so ftu
ikDr/. T[jBK d/ wodT{-g[D/ dh Skg Gkosh fJfsjk; ;ko/ XowK dk ;wkB-o{g Bkb ;BwkB ehsk ns/ :'rsk
#s/ nzfes j' u[eh j?. dk nkdo ehsk. T[jBK d/ dopko ns/ oki ftu ;ot-
gzikp dhnK fJjBK ;cbsktK dh BhIj brgr TZu gdthnK ;GBk bJh gqkgs ;B. T[jBK d/ ;G s'I
500 ;kb gfjbK r[o{ BkBe d/t ih d/ fuzsB B/ ns/ tXhe ftFtk;-gkso wzsoh ;B - eho n}h}[dhB, fiBQK
Z
wro'I f;ZyK d/ r"otwJh ;odko, wjkokik oDihs f;zx B/ ihtB Go wjkokik ;kfjp dh tckdkoh Bkb ;/tk
B/ oZyh ;h. nkg 13 Btzpo, 1980 ~ r[ioKtkbk ftu ehsh. v'rok okik fXnkB f;zx nkgDh gqfsGk ns/
iBw/. oDihs f;zx 10 ;kb dh T[wo ftu jh nkgD/ ;tkwh Grsh d/ Bks/ gqXkB wzsoh gd se gj[u. w/om
z /
fgsk d/ Bkb fGzB-fGzB ;?fBe d"fonK #s/ ikD br gJ/ dk fJe pqkjwD iwKdko y[Fjkb f;zx th fJ;/ soQK d/
;B. 12 ;kb dh T[wo ftu fgsk d/ nekb-ubkDk eo nkgD/ r[DK d/ ekoB T[u gdK #s/ g[ik. eJh :{oghnK
Z Z
ikD #s/ ;koh f}zwtkoh T[jBK d/ w'fYnK #s/ nk gJh fi;
I/ ~ th wjkokik d/ dopko ns/ Fk;B ftu gqwy ;EkB Z[
~ T[jBK B/ g{oh soQK fBGkfJnk. 19tK ;kb bZrd/ jh fwfbnk. t?Is{ok i' fJNbh tk;h ;h, T[jBK dk gqXkB
T[jBK B/ bkj"o #s/ ep}k eoe/ 19 thI ;dh d/ nozG ;?Bkgsh pfDnk. fJ; soQK fiE'I se Fk;B d/ y/so dk
ftu ;ko/ Gkos #s/ nzri/}K dk ep}k j' ikD s'I pknd ;zpzX ;h, fjzd{, w[;bwkB, Jh;kJh, f;Zy ;GBK bJh
th ;[sso gzikp ftu nkgD/ FeshFkbh ns/ ;[sso oki
z z wjkokik oDihs f;zx d/ oki ftu ;wkB nt;o gqkgs
dh BhIj oZyh. ;B. n;b ftu Gkos ftu T[ j Xow fBogZ y
wjkokik oDihs f;zx s'I gfjbK gzikp d/ okiBhse gqpX dk fJe w[Ybk, pj[s jh ;cb gq:'r
z
nB/e fJbke/ f;ZyK dhnK nZv'-nZv fw;bK d/ nXhB ;h.
;B, fiBQK ftu nkg;h w/b-i'b BjhI ;h. (wjkokik) nkgDh iBsk dh nkofEe dFk ;[XkoB bJh
oDihs f;zx 1792 JhH ftu nkgD/ fgsk dh fw;b d/ wjkokik oDihs f;zx B/ i' wjZstg{oB :sB ehs/ T[jBK
w[yh pD/ ns/ nrb/ 6 ;kbK ftu T[jBK B/ ;fsb[i d/ bJh d/ F ;dk T[ j BK dk d/ D dko oj/ r k. gz i kp
gZSw dhnK ;kohnK f;Zy fw;bK ~ J/esk dh wkbk ftu ftF/F o{g Bkb fe;kB ;{pk j?. fJ; bJh nkgDk oki
go' fdZsk ns/ ncrkB Fk;e Fkj }wkB d/ Xkt/ ~ ;Ekgs eoB s'I pknd wjkokik oDihs f;zx B/ fe;kBK
n;cb eo fdZsk. 1801 JhH ftu ;kohnK fw;bK B/ dh jkbs ;[XkoB tZb ;G s'I f}nkdk fXnkB fdZsk.
T[jBK ~ nkgDk ns/ gzikp dk @@wjkokik# gqtkB eo fJj ;[Gkte th ;h, feT[fI e T[j y[d fJe nkw fe;kB
fbnk. wjkokik oDihs f;zx B/ fJ; s'I fgZSI' fgFkto, gfotko ftu'I ;B ns/ fe;kBK dh dFk s'I Gbh-GKs ikD{z
w[bskB, eKrVk, eFwho ns/ j'o nB/e gqd; nkgD/ / ;B. ;zGt j? fe T[j Gkos d/ gfjb/ ni/j/ Fk;e ;B
oki ftu fwbk bJ/. fijBK B/ ekFs eoB tkfbnK ~ }whB dk wbehns
fijBK ;cbsktK bJh wjkokik oDihs f;zx jZe d/D d/ f;XKs ~ bkr{ ehsk. fJ; d/ Bkb jh
~ ftF/F o{g Bkb :kd ehsk ikt/rk T[jBK ftu w[Zy ftu'fbnK dh irQk brkB dh t;{bh f;ZXh fe;kBK s'I j'D
fJj jB fe nkgd/ Fk;B ekb ftu T[BKQ B/ nkgDh d{o bZrh. y{jK dh wbehns th fe;kBK ~ gfjbh tko
(15)

gqkgs j'Jh. nZi-ebQ Gkt/I fJj ;[Xko nkw fij/ bZrD, th j[zd/ ;B. wodkBrh dhnK j'o nB/e y/vK okjhI
gqzs{ 18thI ;dh d/ nzs ftu id'I fe ;kwzsh oki dk wjkokik oDihs f;zx pZfunK dk wB'oiB th eod/ ;B
z
p'bpkbk ;h, fJj eqKshekoh ;[Xko jh ej/ ikDr/. ns/ T[jBK ftu'I j'Djko pjkdoK dh u'D th ehsh iKdh
fJjBK Bkb jh gzikp ;wK gk e/ d/F ftu nBki-Gzvko ;h.
dk y/so ejkT[D bfrnk. fJ; soQK wjkokik oDihs f;zx B/ nkgD/
T[ d :' r h Xz f dnK ~ T[ s Fkj d/ D bJh th brgr 48 ;kbK d/ FkFB ekb ftu fGzB-fGzB fdFktK
wjkokik oDihs f;zx B/ pj[s ezw ehs/. w[bskB d/ ftu Fk;B ns/ nkuoB d/ i' T[ d kjoB ;Ekgs
o/Fw T[d:'r, eFwho d/ gFwhBk ns/ Fkb T[d:'r, ehs/, T[jBK d/ ekoB gzikp ftu ;kj;, ;{ophosk ns/
nzfwqs;o d/ c[bekoh T[d:'r ns/ uzpk s/ e;{o d/ y[Fjkbh dhnK uzrhnK ohsK gJhnK. fJjBK ohsK #s/
ezpb T[d:'r ~ wjkokik d/ Fk;B ekb ftu ftF/F ubd/ j'J/ nZi e/tb gzikp jh BjhI, ;kv/ d/F d/
T[sFkj fwfbnk. fJ; Bkb fiE/ nkw iBsk ~ okjs nB/e oki Bt/I Gkos dh T[;koh ftu nkgDk ouBkswe
fwbh, T[E/ oki ~ th nkgDh wkbh jkbs ;[XkoB dk fjZ;k gk oj/ jB. wjkokik oDihs f;zx d/ nB/e Fk;eh
w"ek gqkgs j'fJnk. ns/ wkBttkdh r[DK d/ ekoD jh, T[jBK d/ nkb'ue
fe;/ th gqFk;B dh uzfrnkJh dh e;"Nh fJj fJfsjk;eko ;o b?gb frqcB ~ fbyDk fgnk ;h -
wzBh iKdh j? fe jkew fe; jZd se fBnK-gqh:sk ~ @w[|b ;kwoki d/ ftBkFekoh sZsK ftu fi;
ngDkT[Idk j?. fBnK dk Fk;B n;b ftu nZi d/ soQK wjkokik oDihs f;zx B/ nkgD/ E'jV/ ;w/I ftu
gqrshFhb b'eszso dh p[fBnkd j?. wjkokik oDihs bkj"o d/ f;Zy ;kwoki dk gqFk;B ubkfJnk, T[; soQK
f;zx B/ fBnK-g{ope Fk;B eoB d/ fijV/ T[dkjoB Gkos dk e'Jh th j'o ssekbhB Fk;e BjhI ubk
g/F ehs/, T[j T[jBK s'I gfjbK d/ Fk;eK ftu ftF/F ;fenk.#
eoe/ nzro/}h je{ws d/ }wkB/ ftu BjhI fwbd/. fJE'I y[Ftzs f;zx nkgDh g[;se @dh f;y;# ftu
se fe wjkokik ih B/ bkj"o e'stkb ~ fbysh nfXeko fbyd/ jB L
fdZsk j'fJnk ;h fe i/ w?I nkg oki dk gqwy d/Fh gkfJnk
Z[ @ftnesh d/ o{g ftu ;0 oDihs f;zx ftu eJh
iktK sK w/o/ fto[ZX th ekotkJh eoB s'I Bk fMie'. nfijhnK y{phnK ;B, fijBK B/ T[; ~ iBsk ftu
wjkokik oDihs f;zx nkgD/ ;w/I d/ gfotosBK jowBfgnkok pDk fdZsk ;h. T[j wjkokik j[d/ j'J/ th
z
gqsh th ;ktXkB ;B. T[jBK B/ nB/e BthnK y'iK ~ fe;kB tor s'I d{o ed/ BjhI j'J/, fi; ftu T[j iZw/
ngDkfJnk. nzro/}K dh ;bkj Bkb i' wjkokik dh ;B. gVQ/-fby/ Bk j[zd/ j'J/ th T[jBK B/ siop/ dh
Fesh dh Fk;B e[Fbsk d/ ekoB T[jBK d/ fwZso pD gkmFkbk ftu pj[s e[M f;Zfynk ns/ ihtB B/ T[jBK
rJ/ ;B, nzfwqs;o ftu fJe SkgkykBk y'fbQnk. T[jBK ~ nkgD/ ;kEhnK-;zrhnK Bkb fBwosk g{ote ns/
B/ nkgDh ;?Bk ~ nkX[fBe F;soK-n;soK Bkb b?; fdnkb{ toskT[ eoB dh f;Zfynk fdZsh.
ehsk, gozs{ nkg B/ T[jBK g[okD/ jfEnkoK ~ BjhI fe;/ th Xow ~ wzBD tkb/ gqsh T[jBK dk
fsnkfrnk, i' gzikph ;{ofwnK dh gqfsGk d/ nB[e{b tshok fBwosk ns/ FoXk tkbk j[zdk ;h. f;ZyK dk
p?md/ ;B. nkgD/ fJskbth ;?Bkgsh t?Is{ok ~ T[jBK nkdo T[j ;fjXowhnK ns/ ;kEhnK d/ o{g ftu eod/
B/ gqos eo e/ gzikp dh fGnkBe rowh ftu th gkDh
/ ;B ns/ j'oBK XowK d/ b'eK gqsh th T[jBK d/ wB ftu
~ mzYk oZyD dk :zso pDtkfJnk. fJZ}s-wkB dh GktBk j[zdh ;h.
wjkokik oDihs f;zx nkgDh goik ~ th wjkokik oDihs f;zx 28 i{B, 1839 ~ nekb-
Bt/-Bt/I ezwK bJh T[sFkjs eod/ ofjzd/ ;B ns/ fJ;
I ubkDk eo rJ/. T[jBK d/ g{ofBnK #s/ uZbd/ j'J/ jh
bJh fJBkw th fdzd/ ;B. sbtko d/ w[ekpb/ ne;o nZi BtK gzikp gqrsh tZb w}p{s edw oy ;edk
j'fJnk eod/ ;B. fBFkB/pk}h ns/ s?okeh d/ w[ekpb/ j?.
(16)

r[o{ rZdh fdtF s/ ftF/F
r[o{, Fpd r[o{ ns/ r[o{ gzE
r[o{ Fpd r[ O o{ s' pfDnk j?, r[ dk noE Fpd r[ o [ ghok, ofjo rz G hok.
nzXeko ns/ o{ s'I Gkt ukBD j?. noEks r[o{ T[j fijVk fpB Fpd/, ir pT[ okB/..
;k~ nzXeko (nfrnkB) s'I ukBD (frnkB d/ gqekF) dh (r[0 rq0 ;k0 nzr 635)
z
;'Mh pyF/. ;[ywBh ;kfjp ftu gzit/ r[od/t c[owkd/I jB. r[opkDh ftu Fpd ~
nihs f;zx,
frnkB nz i B r[ o dhnk, nfrnkB nz X / o fpBk;. T[; gowfgsk gqwkswk dk fBi
byBT
r[o{ d/ noE Gkok (tZvk) ns/ T[;skd th ehsk iKdk j?. nB{Gt fejk frnk j? sK jh s/
jw ukeo r' f pz d e/ , mke[ o w/ o k Gkok. fBzoiBh i's ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih c[owkT[d/ jB.
eoBekoB ;woE j? , ;' ;fsr[ o { jwkok.. jT[ nkg'I p'b B ikDdk, w?I fejk ;p j[ewkT[ ihT[..
r[opkDh ftu r[o{, gkopqjw gqEkfJ th tofsnk ;qh r[o{ rqE ;kfjp ftu T[; nekb g[oy ~ (i' ueq
z
frnk j? fi; dh gq'Vsk ;qh r[o{ noiB d/t ih B/ ;[ywBh fujB s'I ofjs j?) fJBK Fpdk okjhI jh ;'jD/ uoD etb
;kfjp ftu ehsh j? d/ o{g ftu tfvnkfJnk frnk j?.
gkopq j w r[ o [ Bkjh G/ d . fjod/ uoD, Fpd ;fsr[ o [ e/ , BkBe pkfXI T [ gkb.
ns/ (r[0 rq0 ;0 680)
z
r[ o [ ;woE, r[ o fBoz e ko r[ o T[ u k nokw ngko. nub tNkb/ ;qh r[o{ BkBe ;kfjp s'I id'I f;XK B/
r[0 rq0 ;k0 52 nze g[fSnk
r[o{ frnkB dk ;'wK j?, feogk dk ;kro j? eT[ B r[ o { fe;ek s{ z u/ b k.
i/ ;T[ uz d k T[ r t? ;{ o i uVfj jiko. sK r[o{ BkBe d/t dk T[so ;h Z
J/ s / ukBD j' I f dnK r[ o [ fpB x' o nz X ko.. Fpd r[ o { , ;[ o fs X[ z B u/ b k.
(nk;k dh tko) ns/ j[ew ehsk fe fijVk s[;h w'S (w[esh) b/Jh
;kv/ ;kfonk dk wzst, nkw b'ekJh dk T[d/F, soK soK dhnK :[eshnK eod/ j' n;b ftu fJj nt;Ek
jw/Fk r[o[ T[gd/F, r[o{ dh ;/X s/ ubD dk j'Dk ukjhdk r[o{ Fpd okjh jh gqkgs j' ;edh j? - iBw woB ekN/ r[o
j?, r[o[ T[gd/F ns/ r[o{ d[tkok ubkJ/ okj s/ ubfdInk jh puBh, pj[fV B ;zeN d[nkok..
d[fBnkth b'eK dk Gbk j' ;edk j?. iBw woB ekN/ - w[esh, r[o puBh - Fpd r[o{
r[ o [ fpB x' o nz X ko, r[ o { fpB w[ e s B gkt? . . ;kfjp ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih B/ id fbjDK ih ~ jo soK
pj[s ;ko/ Xkofwe rqEk ftu, ns/ t/dK Fk;soK
z Bkb goy fbnk, fbjDk ih ~ nzrd s/ fco r[o{ nzrd
ftu r[o{ dh wfjwk dh ftnkfynk ehsh rJh j? go T[j T[;
nky e/ fJbkjh i's T[BK ftu fNek T[BK ~ d{ik BkBe
s'I th tX ngzogko j?.
r[ o [ eh wfjz w k nrz w j? . fenk eE/ eEBjko.. pDkfJnk sk gzi g?;/ s/ Bo/b oy e/ r[o{ nzrd ih ~ wEk
ns/ N/fenk ns/ Bkb jh ;koh pkDh (i' r[o{ ;kfjp B/ nkg
r[o frnkB gquzv pbkfJnk nfrnkB nzX/ok ikfJ.. U[ukoh ;h ns/ ;zsk, GrsK dh fJemh eo e/ ;zGkbh j'Jh
r[0 rq0 ;k0 nzr 29
z ;h) th r[o{ nzrd ih ~ ;'gDK ehsh. fi; s'I ;gFN j? fe
Fpd r[o{ L fi; Fpd ~ r[o{ dh T[gwk fdZsh rJh ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih B/ pkDh ~ th r[o{ dk wkD pyfFnk.
j? T[j oph g?rkw j?. y;w dh pkDh j?, pqjw iK eosko ns/ fJjh gfogkNh r[o{ nzrd d/t ih B/ r[o{ nwo dk; ih
dk nB[Gt j? i' r[o{ okjhI fJ; ;z;ko s/ gqrN j'fJnk j? Bkb ns/ r[0 nwo dk; ih B/ r[o{ okw dk; ih ~ s/ r[o{
(17)

okw dk; ih B/ ;koh pkDh r[o{ noiB d/t ih ~ wkD dk nfXeko gzi r[of;ZyK (gzi fgnkfonk) ~ fdsk. r[o{
;fseko Bkb ;'gh ns/ ;gFN fby fdsk dh fiw/tkoh ~ tosD dk nfXeko gzik fgnkfonk e'b
pkDh r[o{, r[o{ j? pkDh. (rq0 rqz0 ;kfjp 116) nkfJnk go fJj nfXeko ;qh r[o{ rqE ;kfjp dh nr[tkJh
z
r[o{ gzE L- f;y ofjs wo:kdk nB{;ko fsnko pofsnko
z j/m, T[BKQ dh ji{oh ftu, j[ewBkw/I dh fdFk fBod/F nB{;ko
f;zxk d/ ;w[zj ~ r[o[ gzE efjnk frnk j?. ;h J/j j? r[o{ rqE. ;zB 1708 ~ ;qh r[o[ r'fpzd f;zx ih B/
z
r[o{ gzE dh fsnkoh ;kfjp ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih nkgD/ nzsw ;zw,/ r[o{ i's ;qh r[o{ rqE ftu fNek e/ ;koh
z
s'I gqoG j' e/ d;w fgsk ;qh r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih B/ fJ; ~
z ;zrs d/ ;Bw[y J/bkB ehsk eh r[o{ i[rs d/ tosko/ dk
nzfsw ;o{g wzB e/ r[fonkJh ;'gh. ykb;k f;oiDk 1699
I nfXeko r[o{ rqzE dh skfpnk j/m gzi fgnkfonk dh
~ r[o{ ;kfjp B/ gzik fgnkfonk dh u'D eo, T[BKQ ~ nzfwqs nrtkJh ftu r[o{ gzE ~ j'J/rk.
SekfJnk fco T[BQK s' nkg nzfwqs dh dks pyfFF eoB @@;p f;yB e' j[ e w j? , r[ o [ wkfBUI [ rq z E ##
dh p/Bsh ehsh ns/ nkg/ r[o[ u/bk j? nkg/ tkbh gowgok r[ o { rq z E ih wkfBU, gq r N r[ o K dh d/ j ..
fijVh ;qh r[o{ BkBe d/t ih B/ r[o{ nzrd d/t ih ~ wZEk
[ ns/ ;zrsk d/ ;zek fBtosh b/Jh r[o{ ;kfjp B/ c[owkfJnk
N/e e/ F[o{ ehsh ;h ~ nzsw o{g fdsk. g{ i k nekb eh gouk Fpd dk dhdko ykb;/ ek
BkBe oki ubkfJnk, ;u[ e' N ;skDh Bht d? . . nzs ;qh r[o{ rqE ;kfjp nZr/ Bo/b s/ gzi g?;/ oy
z
bjD/ XfoT[B Ss f;fo, efo f;csh nzfwqs ghtd?.. e/ wZEk N/e fdZsk s/ nkswk rqE ftu s/ ;oho gzE ftu nky
z
(r[0rq0;0 nzr 966)
z e/ ;dk-;dk b/Jh r[onkJh ;qh r[o{ rqE ;kfjp ih ~ pyF
z
ykb;k f;oiDk - r[ o { gz E tb tfXnk fJe fdZsh ns/ r[o{ ;kfjp 7 neN{po 1708 ~ nzfwqs t/b/ gzik
wjstg[oD edw ;h fJe whbgEo ;h id'I r[o{ dhfynk ssK ftu ftbhB j' rJ/.

r[o{ do
sbtzvh dh gktB Xosh s/ ehsk T[geko j?
BkBe pD e/ gqrN j'fJnk fJZE/ ;fs eosko j?..
oZph ofjB[wk pD e/ fi;B/ ;koh f;q;Nh mkoh J/.
nkg/ pfDnk ;keh T[;B/ tzvh Bkw y[;koh J/..
fJ; dks/ ~ ;h; M[ekJ/ ;ko/ wijp gZyk B/
fi; d/ doFB eoB tk;s/ so;dhnK byI' nZyK B/..
s/ok s/ok eoe/ tzfvnk G[Zy/ ;kX{ fsqgskJ/ B/ uoBihs e"o
;Zuk tzDikok pD fi;B/ ;Zu/ ;'d/ eokJ/ B/. byBT{
tZfbnk d/ fi; tZb d{o ehs/ f;ZX f;ZX/ eo fdZs/ B/
}fjo s" th e'V/ ohm/ Bdfo Bkb fwZm/ eo fdZIs/ B/..
w/jo j't/ i/ T[; ;Zu/ dh T[j Godk Gzvko j?
T[iV/ j'J/ y/sK ftu th nk iKdh pjko j?..
Bkw ;[okfjT[ fJe pz{d th i' gqG{ Bkw dh gk ikt/
nk; nzd/F/I ;rb/ fwN iktB iw ek d{o GT[ j' ikt/..
w'bthI gzvs th y[Fp{ b?Id/ T[; ;Zu/ r[b}ko s"I..
r[o{ BkBe dk do j? T[Zuk, ;ko/ ;z;ko s"I
fJj sKJh dZ;/ Bkw f;wo b", pu'I jzeko s".
(18)


ekft ;[ w B
Xow dh Ykb-;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo
vk0 joh f;zx ikue
Bkb ipo d/ pdbD? Xow J/E/, n?;k Yzr j?;h nkbwrho u[fDnk.
fJe f;o/ s'I w[;bw pDkT[D ykso, ;G s'I gfjbK ;h U; eFwho u[fDnk.
nwbh ikwk gfjBkT[D bJh J/; sKJhI, T[;B/ F/o nrkB t}ho u[fDnk.
fjzd{ Xow d/ u[D/ ftdtkB gzfvs, feogk okw tork Xowtho u[fDnk.
bZr/ ;'uK d/ x'V/ d[VkT[D gzfvs, yfjVk fJjd/ s'I ;kvk S[vkT{ fejVk.
fJjd/ }[bw d/ jVQ ~ mZb gk e/, p/Vk Xow dk pzB/ brkT{ fejVk.
fijV/ g[Zs B/ fgT[ ~ pyfFnK BjhI T[jd/ jZE'I j[D ;k~ pukT{ fejVk.
fejVk fBso{ wod w?dkB nzdo, wZEk w[rb ;oeko Bkb bkT{ fejVk.
fvZrd/ Yfjzd/ j'J/ wko/ w[;hpsK d/, nBzdg[o #u fJj fjzd{ tho gj[zu/.
d[Zyh fdbK dh dkd cfonkd b? e?, j' e/ pV/ bkuko fdbrho gj[zu/.
;fjw/, vo/ s/ pV/ p/pZ; j'J/, B?Dk ftZu'I trkT[Id/ j'J/ Bho gj[zu/.
r[o{ BkBe d/ J/; dopko nzdo, B"t/I gksFkj e'b n]ho gj[zu/.
feogk okw B/ rZb ftZu gk gZbk, jZE pzBQ e/ ehsh no}'Jh dksk.
MZyV }[bw dk M[fbn? uj[z gk;hI, EzwD tkbk BjhI fdZ;dk e'Jh dksk.
f;o #s/ N[ZN/ gjkV w[;hpsK d/, ;kv/ Bkb nDj'Dh j? j'Jh dksk.
rb/ bZr e/ fsbe s/ izM{nK d/, }ko'}ko nZi p'dh j? o'Jh dksk.
tko' tkoh fco Bkb ;B nkJ/ fijV/, e/o e/o e/ jzM{ T[j efj oj/ B/.
nkJh j'Jh J/ y{Bh po;ks dksk, Bkb/ bj{ d/ EK EK tfj oj/ B/.
w"s ojh yVek jo EK vwo{, xo xo #u t?D j[D g? oj/ B/.
y/vh ik ojh y{B d/ Bkb j'bh, ;tk wD izM{ o'} bfj oj/ B/.
w;s jkEh d/ tKr fJj G{so/ B/, pDk fojk ipoh w[;bwkB dksk.
fijVk BjhI fJ;bkw ep{b eodk, eZY b?Id/ B/ T[;dh ikB dksk.
dV tZN e/ p?m/ ;G ;{ow/ B/, okig{s, wojZN/ u"jkB dksk.
nZyh d/y e/ nZyhnK whN bJhnK, ikD p[M e/ pD/ nBikD dksk.
mZb gkT[D bJh }kbw d/ }[bw sKJhI, f;o #s/ phVk T[mkfJnk ;h gksFkj B/.
d/Dk g?Dk J/ w?~ pbhdkB j[D sK, nkgDk wB pDkfJnk ;h gksFkj B/.
d[yhnK ns/ w}b{wK d/ pD dodh, d[y dod tzvkfJnk ;h gksFkj B/.
fsbe izM{ dh oZfynk eoB fBeb/, GKt/I izM{ Bk gkfJnk ;h gksFkj B/.
ehs/ puBK ~ s'V fBGkT[D ykso, s[o gJ/ fdZbh ~ dhB dfJnkb nkfyo.
GkJh T[dk r[ofdZsk s/ GkJh i?sk, wshdk; fdnkbk ;h Bkb nkfyo.
(19)

o;s/ ftZu fco EK EK ;zrsK ~, puBK Bkb ;h ehsk fBjkb nkfyo.
ik e/ nkro/ ;h frqcsko j' rJ/, fdZbh b? frnk Bkb e'stkb nkfyo.
fejk r[oK ~ fdZbh d/ ftZu ek}h, ekwb w[oFd j' fjzd[;skB nzdo.
s[;K bJh J/ ndp ;fseko vkYk, jo Xow d/ jo fJB;kB nzdo.
n;hI ukj[zd/ fJ;bkw dk p'bpkbk, j' ikJ/ j[D ;ko/ ijkB nzdo.
i/eo s[;hI th dhB ep{b eo bT[, fJe' Xow j'i{ fjzd[;skB nzdo.
;fsr[o jZ;/ s/ jZ; e/ efjD bZr/, w'w/ mzrDhnK rZbK s{z SZv ek}h.
e'Jh Xow BjhI cb s/ c[b ;edk, d{i/ XowK d/ b'eK ~ tZY ek}h.
fJj BjhI j' ;fenk fJj BjhI j' ;eDk, fJ; tfjw ~ fdb'I s{z eZY ek}h.
gq/w fgnko Bkb b'eK d/ fdbK nzdo, Mzv/ Xow fJ;bkw d/ rZv ek}h.
rZb j'o fXnkB d/ Bkb ;[D b?, w?I BjhI J/E/ e[M ;[DB ;[DkT[D nkfJnk.
eokwks BjhI e'Jh fdykD nkfJnk, Bk dhB fJ;bkw ngBkT[D nkfJnk.
;G ekdo d/ j[ew #u j' fojk J/, T[jd/ okj BjhI o'Vk nNekT[D nkfJnk.
nBzdg[oh d/ ;ko/ nBzd SZv e/, w?I sK ;h; jK ebw eotkT[D nkfJnk.
j'Dh BZuh fco uKdBh u"Ie nzdo, B"It/ r[o{ id u"IeVk wko pfj rJ/.
;k~ Xow fgnkok J/ fizd Bkb'I, J/Bk efj e/ w/o/ dksko pfj rJ/.
fsbe izM{ dh oZfynk eoB d/ bJh, w"s toB bJh j' fsnko pfj rJ/.
v[pdk fjzd dk p/Vk pukT[D ykso, ;h; d/F bJh fdb ftZu Xko pfj rJ/.
ibkb{dhB ibkd B/ eJh tkoh, s/i fsZyh sbtko dh Xko sZeh.
eJh tkoh ;h ezpDh fSVh T[j~, ;kjt/I p?mh id B{oh B[jko sZeh.
esb ehs/ ;B i/; nDfrns pzd/, gfjbh tko T[; nkgDh jko sZeh.
T[;dh wkB;e jkbs ;h T[; t/b/, nzsofdqFNh Bkb w/o/ dksko sZeh.
sZe e/ U; tZb c/o dksko p'b', BjhI s/ok th BjhI e;{o ;ZiDk.
s/o/ f;o #s/ e{edk j[ew Fkjh, j[ew wzBD bJh s{z wip{o ;ZiDk.
nZi s/o/ fJwfsjkB dh xVh nkJh, vo G? ;G eo s{z d{o ;ZiDk.
J/Xo s{z sbtko dk tko eo dJhI, UXo w?~ th nkT{ ;o{o ;ZiDk.
ig[ih ;kfjp ih dk gktB gkm g{ok, eo fbnk id w/o/ dksko j?;h.
ibkb{dhB ibkd B/ ;h; T[Zs/, ehsk Bkb sbtko d/ tko j?;h.
;h; XV s'I bKG/ ;h j' fvZfrnk, gktB bj{ dh c[ZNh c[jko j?;h.
jkjkeko ;h wu rJh iZr nzdo, ;[ob'e j'Jh i? i? eko j?;h.
}[bwh s/r dh fgnk; p[Mk fdZsh, Fkj or dk y{B fgnkb ;fsr[o.
nkJh j'Jh w[;hps wB[Zysk #s/, FhF d/ e/ fdZsh ;h Nkb ;fsr[o.
nkgD/ gktB gftZso pbhdkB ;dek, ;uw[Zu Xow dh pD rJ/ Ykb ;fsr[o.
ofjzdh d[BhnK sZe @ikue# bjhI p[M ;edh, fdZsh FwK Fjhdh dh pkb ;fsr[o.
********
(20)


ekft ;[ w B
fuZ m hnK L r[ o { BkBe d/ BK
fsqb'uB f;zx @uzB#
byBT{
w?I fgSb/ eJh ;kbK s'I pokpo fby fojK fuZmhnK,
w/o/ BkBe s/o/ tb'I edh go nkfJnk Bk T[sZo.
T{vheK eofdnK wfj;{;dk jK fJzM, fizdK fe,
Bk nkfJnk nBQh nBQ/ dk T[j w[V, ;otB fijk g[Zso..
w?I fby fby e/ jw/FK jkb d[BhnK d/ fojk g[ZSdk,
;w/I fdnK T[bMBK ~ fe; soQK ;[bMkJhJ/ dksk.
fiBK okjK s/ yv/ ykJhnK, s/ y{j B}o nktD,
T[BQK okjK d/ T[s/ edw fedK gkthJ/ dksk.
s{z G[b/ GNfenK ~ okj ftykJh ;h ;dk ;uh,
s/ pdb/ ftu e[okjhnk efje/ b'eK :kd ehsk ;h.
wfbe Gkr' fijK B/ j;sh ngDh ikD bJh ;h sd,
s{z bkb' tofrnK dk xo id'I nkpkd ehsk ;h.
w?I fJj th fby e/ dZf;nk ;h fe s/o/ irs ftu j[D sK,
wfbe Gkr' fijK dh frBsh tX e/ j' rJh byK.
fdB/ okshI i' b[N b[N e/ gJ/ yktD rohpK ~,
g/N ftu EK BjhI fJBQK d/ n?go G[yhnK B/ nyK..
jt; dh nZr pD fJj G[y jvK ftu j? oZu u[Zeh,
s{z nk, e'Jh ;uk ;"dk eo, s/ G[fynK ~ oik w[V e/.
fdbK u'I BosK w[eD s/ jT[w?I otQ/ Bk pkeh,
opkp n?;h, w/o/ dksk, s{z nk e/ s/ tik w[V e/..
w?I fJj th no} ehsh ;h fe j[D sK nkw b'eK bJh,
GiB dk e'Jh BjhI wsbp s/ G'iB jh ;wf;nk j?.
s/ fijV/ nkw b'eK s' j' tyo/ ]k; pB rJ/ B/,
T[BQK B/ GiB G'iB d'jK ~ fJjh Bkr pD pD e' vf;nk j?..
fJj ngD/ nkg ~ i' ]k; nytktD d/ b'Gh B/,
GiB dh UN ftu dksk, Bk g[ZS, fJj eh BjhI eod/.
fJj ekb/ XzfdnK dh d"bsK d/ bKtd/ bzro,
fi~ yk fYv sK Go iKd/ B/ n?go wB bjhI God/..
ji{oh ftu ;qh r[o{ rqzE d/ ;dD wfB;NoK ~,
f;o'g/ d/e/ T[BQK Bkb fJj fyutkT[Id/ B/ s;thoK.
i/ fdqFNh w/jo dh j' ikJ/ s/oh BjhI, wfB;No dh,
sK oks' oks gbNk b?Id/ B/ ngDhnK nkg sedhoK..
s?~ sK gsk jh j'D/ fe nZi eb okrh goukoe,
gqG{ dk Bkw Sv gquko gJ/ ngDk jh eod/ B/.
eth iB s/ ethFo Bkb b? e[M wX[o nktk}K,
NhHthH o/fvU[ nkofN;N pD yh;/ gJ/ God/ B.
(21)

oki dh rb th fJe r[o{ pkpk fby fdnK s?~,
ni? Bf;nK tKr j[D sK j' rJ/ B/ r[od[nko/ th.
fiZE/ jo o/N s/ jo fe;w d/ j[D gkm j[zd/ B/,
nkg id e'Jh BjhI eodk, eoB eh gkmh ftuko/ th.
T[j j't/ ;ji ;gskfje :k Gkt/I nyzv gkm j't/,
p[fezr eotk e/ G/NK iwk eotk d/Dk jh ekch j?..
;[D/ :k Bk ;[D/I e'Jh oe BjhI fe;/ ~ g?Idk,
Bh:s skohy s/ fJsbkj gj[zuk d/Dk jh ekh j?.
id'I ;B r[od[nko/ eZu/ FoXk pj[s gZeh ;h,
j'J/ j[D r[od[nko/ gZe/, FoXk w[e rJh ;koh.
gqG{ d/ Bkw dh y/sh i' phih ;h s{z jo fdb ftu,
T[j nkg;h BcosK dh nZr ftu ;V-;[e rJh ;koh..
ojh ;jh e;o g{oh eo Svh j? pkfpnK ;zsK
fiBQK d/ tKr yz[pK T[r gJ/ B/ EK-EK v/o/.
nkgDhnK nBwsK s/ wB wsK d/ fgZS/ bk ;G ~
Bt/I fBZs eko/ gJ/ eod/ G[bk T[gd/F ;G s/o/..
s{z d{BhnK ~ eow eKvK u'I eY ;h ;fji okj df;nk,
fJBQK go t/y b? w[V T[j jh j? B/ cV bJ/ ukb/.
Uj' w[V nropshnK X{g e[zG s/ T[j' jh dht/,
T[jh wBwsh g{ik ;zy NbhnK Uj' d/tkb/..
fJj d[fBnk tkb/ s/o/ BK dhnK d/Id/ d[jkfJnK B/,
s/ s/o/ BK s/ eko'pko th ngDk ubKd/ B/.
s{z s/ok s/ok efj e/ xo Go/ ;B b'Vtzdk d/,
fJj w/ok w/ok eoe/ b'V-tzd ~ jh c;Kd/ B/.
;" dh p; fJe fby e/ ]sw eodK jK w?I fJj fuZmh,
fe rb fJe szd dh BjhI, T[bM rJh j? sKDh dh sKDh.
s/o/ fpB e"D j? i' x[g jB/o/ ftu eo/ ukBD,
e"D j? @uzB# i/ d; d/t/I sK, w[V fuZmh BjhI gkDh..

w{ b wz s q
gzE d/ brGr ;ko/ ;{MtkB ns/ T[u e'Nh d/ ftdtkB r[o{ rqE ;kfjp ih dh fJ; gfjbh wjkB pkDh
z
(w{b wzsq) ~ r[owfs f;XKs dk X[ok wzBd/ jB. r[owfs f;XKse (fBnkoh nkB FkB tkb/) wfjb dh p[fBnkd,
(fJj 14 FpdK tkbk T[gd/F o{g) w{b wzsq irs d/ w{b gqG{ e/ r[Dk dk nB[Gt eokT[dk j?. r[o{ rqE ;kfjp ih
z
d/ nkozG tkbh fJj pkDh ;wMkT[dh j/ fe fJ; gktB r[o{ rqE ;kfjp ih ftu e/tb s/ e/tb T[; fJe' fJe gqG{
I z
d/ jh r[D rkJ/ j'J/ jB fijVk fJ; irs dk ouBjko j?, gkbDjko ns/ gqb? eoDjko j?. fijVk ;fs ;o{g
j?, fijVk ;dhth j'd tkbk j?, fijVk ;z;ko dk eosk j'D d/ Bkb-Bkb nkgDh fJ; feqs d/ }Zo/ iZo/ ftu ;wkfJnk
I
j'fJnk j?, i' fBoGT[ ns/ fBot?o j? fijVK ;w/I dh geV s'I go/ j?, fBo-neko j? ns/ nfdqFN nr'uo j[dk j'fJnk
z
;G EKJh w{osh wkB th j?. i' ed/ roG i{B ftu BjhI nkfJnk ns/ nkgD/ nkg s'I jh gqekFwkB j'fJnk j?. i'
irs d/ ihtK dk f;fynk dksk r[o{ ns/ gow nkBzd dh pyfFF eoB tkbk gow pyfFzd j?.
;0 joGiB f;zx

(22)


r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp ftu nkJ/ okrK pko/ ikDekoh-5
14H okr[ fsbz r gzBk 721 s'I 727
Gkosh irs d/ gqf;ZX okr fsbzr ftu ouh rJh pkDh d[nkok r[o{ ;kfjpkB B/ wB[yh Z
wB ~ ;wMkfJnk j? fe T[j gqG{ ehosh ~ gqwy ikD e/ Bkw f;owB ftu i[V. i' e[M th fJ;
[ /
;z;ko ftu j' fojk j? T[j T[; tkfj[ro{ d/ j[ew ftu jh j' fojk j? @@;fG nkJ/ j[efw y;wkj[
[
j[efw ;G tosBh## fJ; bJh T[;/ ~ fXnkU fijVk fwjopkB j? ns/ jo fe;/ ~ v'bD s'I
pukT[D d/ ;woZE j?. Fkw t/b/ fJ; okr d/ rkT[D dk nkBzd jh fBokbk j?. GrsK ftu'I vk0 ;o{g f;zx nbZr
e/tb epho ih ns/ Bkwd/t ih B/ jh fJ; okr ftu pkDh fbyh j?.
tzBrh
s[X[ fpB[ d{ik Bkjh e'fJ s{ eosko[ eofj ;' j'fJ
s/ok i'o[ s/oh wfB N/e ;dk ;dk ifg BkBe J/e
;G T{gfo gkopqjw dksko[
s/oh N/e s/ok nkXko[-ojkT[ (gzBk-723)
fsbzr okr dh ;zouBk fJt/I ehsh iKdh j? L
no'j L ; r w g Bh ;I
nto'j L ;I B[h g w r ;.
tkdh L r ;ztkdh Bh
w[y nzr L HBh ; r w g, B[h g, r w r, ;
15H okr[ ;{ j h L gzBk - 728 s'I 794
;{jh okr T[wkj s/ T[sFkj dk okr j? go fJj pj[s gqubs okr BjhI. r[o{ rqE ;kfjp ftu ekh pkDh fJ;
z
okr ftu fwbdh j?. fJ; d/ rkT[D dk ;wK fdB dk d{ik gfjo fwfEnk frnk j?. ;{jh d/ Fkpfde noE fe;/ n"os
tb'I nkgD/ s'I tv/ d/ g?oK s/ wEk N/eDk j[dk j?. fJ; GktBk skp/ fJ; okr d[nkok nekbg[oy dk ;fseko ;'Gdk j?.
z
fJ; soQK fJ; d/ BK ftu jh gzikph s/ Gkosh ;fGnkuko dh g{oh g{oh Mbe fwbdh j?. nkBzd ekoi ;w/I i' uko gftso
bktK bJhnK iKdhnK jB T[j fJ;/ okr ftu j'D ekoB fJ; okr dh wfonkdk nB[;ko T[BKQ ~ rkT[Dk d[gfjo pkoK
ti/ s'I gfjb/ gfjb/ jh T[us j?. fJ;/ ekoB eo e/ nkw f;Zy gotkoK ftu fJj fJSk gqrNkJh iKdh j? fe bktK pkoK
ti/ s'I gfjb/ gfjb/ jh j'DhnK ukjhdhnK jB.
tzBrh L
i/ G[bh i/ u[eh ;KJh Gh sfjzih ekYhnk
fiBk B/j[ d[ikD/ brk M{fo woj[ ;/ tkYhnk
jT Bk S'vT[ ezs gk;ok
;dk ozrhbk bkb[ fgnkok
J/j[ wfjzik nk;ok-ojkT[ (gzBk - 761)
okr[ ;{jh fJt/I rkfJnk iKdk j? L-
(23)

no'j L ; o r w g, Bh X Bh ;I.
nto'j L ;I B[h X g, w r[, o r o, ;.
tkdh L g ;ztkdh L ;
w[y nzr L r w r o[, r w B[h X g, g w r, w r, o r o, ;.
16H okr[ fpbktb[ gzBk - 795 s'I 835
fpbktb[ sp jh ehihn? ip w[ f y j' t ? Bkw[
okr Bkd ;pfd ;' j D/ ik bkr? ;fji fXnkB[ (gzBk 849)
fpbktb y[Fh dk okr j? s/ fJj y[Fh gqwkswk d/ w/b Bkb gqkgs j'Jh j?. r[o{ nwodk; ih B/ fpbktb d/ gqEkJ/
g{ok Fpd T[ukoD ehsk j? i' r[o[ rqzE ;kfjp d/ gzBk 849 s/ nzes j?. Fpd d/ p'b fJ; soQK jB L-
fpbktb eofj[ s[ w fgnkfoj' J/ e ;[ f;T[ fbt bkfJ
iBw woD d[ y [ eNhn? ;u/ oj? ;wkfJ
;dk fpbktb[ nBz d [ j? i/ ubfj ;fsr[ o GkfJ
;s;z r sh pfj GkT[ efo ;dk jfo e/ r[ D rkfJ
BkBe ;/ iB ;' j D/ fi r[ o w[ f y w/ b fwbkfJ (gzBk 849)
Fpd d/ ;zyg noE fJj jB fe w/o/ fgnkfoU fJe ;[nkwh Bkb gqw gk e/ jh nBzd wkD'. nfijk eoB Bkb
/ /
s[jkvh iBw woB dh ghV jo ikJ/rh s/ s[;hI ;u/ ;[nkwh ftu bhB j' ikUr/. i/ eo s[;hI ;dk nekb g[oy dh o}k
ftu ftuo'r/ sK s[;hI ;dk fpbktb[ dk nBzd wkD'r. /
fpbktb[ okr fdB d/ d{i/ gfjo d/ nozG ftu rkfJnk iKdk j? ns/ nBzd wzrb d/ nt;o bJh fJj okr rkT[Dk
ftF/F fB;us j?. fJj ;zg{oB iksh dk okr j? fi; d/ ;ko/ ;[o F[X jB. @@jfo T[sw[ jfo gqG[ rkftnk efo Bkd[
fpbktb okr##. fJ; okr dh ;opgZyh wjZssk ~ wfj;{; efodnK j'fJnk dopko ;kfjp nzfwqs;o fty/ T[; ehosBh
u"eh dk Bk jh fpbktb[ dh u"eh ofynk frnk j? i' ;t/o/ 10-20 s'I nozG j[zdh j?.
tzBrh L
;cb iBw[ w' eT[ r[o ehBk
d[y fp;kfo ;[y nzsfo bhBk
frnkB nziB[ w' eT[ r[fo dhBk
okwBkw fpB[ ihtB[ wB jhBk-ojkT[
Bkwd/fJ f;woB[ efo ikBk
ir ihtB f;T[ ihT[ ;wkBk
(gzBk-857-58) Grs Bkwd/t
fJ; okr ~ rkT[D dh ftXh fJ; goeko j? L-
no'j L ; o r w g, X Bh ;I
nto'j L ;I Bh X, g, w r, o/ ;.
tkdh L X ;ztkdh L r
w[y nzr L r o, r w X g, w r, w o ;

(24)


Btzpo dk Fjhdh e?bzvo frnkBh ;[yd/t f;zx
1 Btzpo L 1984 Jh0 ~ fdZbh d/ dzfrnk ftZu Fjhd eo fdZsk ;h.
jikoK f;ZyK ~ Fjhd ehsk ns/ ;?IeV/ f;Zy n"osK ~ 17 Btzpo L r[o{ e/ pkr d/ w'ou/ ftZu nzro/iK
nrtk eoe/ fJZisK b[NhnK. B/ 13 f;zxK ~ r'bhnK wko e/ 1923 Jh0 ftZu Fjhd
2 Btzpo L fgzv j'd fubV (jfonkDk) s/ jwbk
I eo fdZsk ;h.
eoe/ 32 fBod'; f;Zy, pZu/ ns/ fJ;sqhnK 1984 Jh0 18 Btzpo L ;{pdko r[ouoB f;zx, BkfJe uzd
/
~ Fjhd eo fdZsk ;h. f;zx, f;gkjh Gkr f;zx epkfJbhnK Bkb i{Md/ j'J/
3 Btzpo L ;0 ;[o f;zx ih ~ powk ftZu ftdo'j 1947 ~ Fjhd j' rJ/ ;B.
GVekT[D dk d'F bk e/ fszB ;kEhnK ;w/s cK;h bk e/ 20 Btz p o L pkpk pzdk f;zx pjkdo d/ ;kEh
1925 ftZu Fjhd eo fdZsk ;h. GkJh ;[yk f;zx ih, GkJh bkb f;zx ih B/ w[rbK Bkb
Z
4 Btz p o L pZpo nekbh bfjo d/ ;{ow/ XzBk bVd/ j'J/ ;ojzd fty/ 1710 ~ Fjhdh gqkgs ehsh.
f;zx (j[fFnkog[o) B/ d/F dh nikdh bJh bVfdnK 21 Btzpo L f;gkjh nwoBkE f;zx ih ;g[Zso
1923 Jh0 ftZu Fjhdh gqkgs ehsh. ;0 ;zsk f;zx, fgzv f;Zb (w'jkbh) B/ Gkos-uhB 1962
5 Btzpo L ;qwDh nekbh db fdZbh d/ gqXkB iE/
' dh izr ftZu Fjhdh gqkgs ehsh.
dko ntsko f;zx e'jbh ~ r'bhnK wko e/ Fjhd eo 22 Btz p o L okwBro d/ f;ZyK s/ nzro/iK d/
fdZsk. ftZueko 1848 Jh0 dh izr ftZu eJh f;Zy c"ihnK B/
8 Btz p o L r[0 gksFkjh S/thI pkokw{bk fty/ nzro/}K ~ wko e/ FjhdhnK gqkgs ehshnK.
jwbk eoe/ gkfe0 epkfJbhnK B/ 1947 Jh0 ftZu eJh 23 Btzpo L e?gNB fdnkb f;zx fgzv p[b/ Bzrb
Z
f;ZyK ~ Fjhd ehsk. (nzfwqs;o) B/ Gkos-uhB 1962 Jh0 izr ftZu bVfdnK
9 Btzpo L r[oe/ pkr d/ w'ou/ ftZu nzro/iK d/
{ Fjhdh gqkgs ehsh.
i[bw ;jkoB tkb/ GkJh joh f;zx ih nzfwqs;o dh 24 Btzpo L ;0 r[ofdZs f;zx ih e'jbh Bfjo{d/
i/b ftZu 1922 Jh0 ~ Fjhd j' rJ/ ;B. o[dog[o d/ ;wkrw t/b/ g[fb; dhnK r'bhnK Bkb Fjhd
10 Btz p o L ;tko ;0 pko{ f;zx ih (gfjb/ j'J/.
ftFt :[X) ftZu bVd/ j'J/ 1919 Jh0 ~ Fjhd j' rJ/
Z 25 Btzpo L GkJh gqekF f;zx ih r[o{e/ pkr d/
;B. w'ou/ ftZu nzro/iK d/ i[bwK ~ ;jkod/ j'J/ bkj"o
11 Btz p o L 1675 Jh0 - ;qh r[o{ s/r pjkdo i/b ftZu 1922 ~ Fjhd eo fdZsk ;h.
ih, GkJh wshdk; ih, GkJh ;shdk; ih, GkJh fdnkbk 26 Btz p o L ;zs osB f;zx BkJhtkbk, fr0
ih B/ uKdBh u"e fdZbh fty/ Fjhdh fdZsh. osB f;zx BkwXkohnK ~ b[fXnkDk i/b d/ ;kjwD/ cK;h
12 Btzpo L ;qh0 r[o{ s/r pjkdo ih d/ XVQ dk bk e/ Fjhd eo fdZsk ;h.
;z;eko bZyh Fkj tDiko/ B/ r[0 oekprzi ;kfjp fdZbh 27 Btzpo L GkJh jofdZs f;zx ih, GkJh itkbk
fty/ 1675 ftZu ehsk. f;zx ih ns/ GkJh fpFB f;zx ih ~ nzro/iK B/ p/ns z
13 Btz p o L BkfJe ;0 uz d f;z x ih B/ s;hj/ d/ e/ 1922 Jh0 ftZu Fjhd eo fdZsk ;h.
gkfe;skBh epkfJbh gmkDK Bkb bVfdnK izweFwho{
fty/ 1947 Jh0 ~ Fjhdh gqkgs ehsh. 28 Btzpo L GkJh pbihs f;zx s'sh s/ 7 j'oBK
15 Btz p o L jtkbdko w/io ;[Zuk f;zx fgzv ~ GkJh eowihs f;zx ;sgkb f;zx okDk ibkbkpkd
;eo{bKg[o (w'jkbh) B/ Gkos-uhB 1962 dh izr ftZu ~ w'rk fty/ 1922 Jh0 ftZu Fjhd eo fdZsk ;h.
i{MfdnK Fjhdh gqkgs ehsh. 29 Btz p o L pkpk okw f;z x ih BkwXkoh
16 Btz p o L ;0 eosko f;z x ;okGk ~ nzro/}K d/ n;fj s/ nefj i[bw ;jkod/ j'J/ ozr{B
nzro/iK B/ 12 ;kEhnK ;w/s cK;h bk e/ 1915 Jh0 ~ (powk) dh i/b ftZu 1884 ~ Fjhd j' rJ/ ;B.
(25)

Novweb

Recomendados

Recomendados

Mais conteúdo relacionado

Mais procurados

Mais procurados (8)

Destaque

Destaque (11)

Mais de PUNJABI SUMAN

Mais de PUNJABI SUMAN (10)

Novweb