1) One of the major trends discussed is rapid urbanization and the emergence of mega-cities, mega-regions, and mega-corridors stretching up to 40 miles from city centers. 2) There is a discussion of balancing economic development, human development, and environmental legal protection in Malaysia's government agenda as it moves towards this trend of urbanization. 3) Challenges in implementing environmental protection in Malaysia include prioritizing economic development over sustainability, lack of coordination between government agencies, and lack of resources such as funding and expertise. Public participation is important for successful implementation.

1. Problem Set 3, No. 7
Name : Punithemalar Hariaratnam
Matrick No. : GP01285
Date : 4 August 2012 (Saturday)
Lecturers : Prof Madya Dr Hasani Mohd Ali
Prof Dr Aishah Bidin
UK6043 Undang-Undang dan Amalan Syarikat
Question No. 1
Name : Punithemalar Hariaratnam
Matrick No. : GP01285
Date : 2 February 2013 (Saturday)
Lecturers : Prof. Dr. Rohimi Shapiee
UK6073 Undang-Undang Perniagaan Antarabangsa

2. One of the mega trends is that, future urbanization will drive
integration of core city centres or downtowns with suburbs and
satellite cities, resulting in expanding boundaries from the current
average of 25 miles (40 km) to around 40 miles (64 km). We will
witness the emergence of Mega-cities, Mega-regions and at
Mega-corridors.
How to balance between economic development, human
development and environmental legal protection in the
Malaysian government agenda in moving towards this trend?

3. Mega Trends
Mega Trends are global, sustained and
macroeconomic forces of development that impact
business, economy, society, cultures and personal
lives, thereby defining our future world and its
increasing pace of change (urbanization)
Global and Asia Pacific Mega Trends
Mega Trend 2020 - Frost & Sullivan

4. Urbanization major sub trends :
• Developing of mega cities, mega regions and mega corridors
• Next level of social networking
• New business models
• Innovating to zero – examining a world of zero emissions, zero
accidents, zero fatalities, zero defect, zero breaches of security
and carbon neutral factories
• Health, wellness and aging
• e-Mobility
• Infrastructure
• Beyond BRIC – the next emerging economies

5. What causes Urbanisation
Push factor
• Unemployment
• Poverty
• Crop failure
• Drought
• Floods
• Mechanization in farms reducing
need for farm workers
• Lack of services, like healthcare
and education
• Lack of Safety
• Civil unrest
Pull factor
• Potential for employment
• Promise of a better lifestyle
• Higher labor wages
• Better services
• Safer environment
• Education and career
opportunities for women
• Political Stability
• Less risk of
natural hazards
There are various Push and Pull factors responsible for rural to urban migrations.
These factors are social, economical, political and environmental in nature

6. Rise of the “new” super economies in Asia
East Asia Economic Area
- Southern China (Ghuangzhau)
Asia
- Metro Manila, Tokyo, Bangkok
Indonesia, Vietnam, The Philippines & Bangladesh
are expected to be the ―new super economies driving the Asian
growth story in 2020
BMIGT
- Brunei Malaysia Indonesia Growth Triangle

8. Implications

10. Mega Trend in the Malaysian Perspective
Second Finance Minister
Datuk Seri Ahmad Husni Hanadzlah,
Megatrends Forum 2012
Business Times, 2nd Oct 2012
“emerging trend that will have deep
and wide-ranging consequence on our
country - economically, socially and
politically”

11. Economic Development
Emergence of Super Cities & Regional Economic Corridor

12. Legoland Malaysia
is a theme park that
has opened in
Nusajaya, Johor
THE opening of several new attractions in the
state has increased tourism arrivals in Johor
significantly. Tourism arrivals since last August
have increased by 35 per cent, from 11.1 million
in 2011 to 15 million last year.
NST - 28 January 2013

13. Impact of Demographic Changing
Positive Aspects:
• Aging society, many new type of industries and products will be
developed, robotic, healthcare, or self measurement
• Increase in aged care facilities
• Tap women and aged population
• Beyond BRIC
Negative Aspects:
• Increase in high pension and medical costs
• Lower supply of labor for industry
• Lower budget, reduced tax income
• Motivation or energy (decrease)
Human Development

14. Managing Megacities
Institutional Dimensions
Decentralization -
in Indonesia, which is carefully managing the shifts in the roles of sector
agencies and strengthening its local governments; in the Philippines, which
has decentralized not only responsibilities, but also financial resources to
local governments; and in Thailand, which has established efficient water
supply agencies and is developing public-private partnerships for provision
of water supplies.
Environmental Management
Urban environmental management -
use of natural gas-powered vehicles to help control air
pollution in Bangkok and the installation of sewage
treatment facilities to help clean up the Han River in the
Republic of Korea.

15. Transportation Management
Urban transportation management –
Singapore's Central Area traffic control scheme, which has helped
reduce congestion; and Hong Kong's MRT, Bangkok s bus lanes
and Kuala Lumpur's special lanes for motorcycles, all of which
help create viable alternatives to the use of private cars
Land Management
Use of fiscal policies to encourage utilization of vacant lots –
in Seoul, the creation of land-sharing methods for redeveloping
already occupied lands in Bangkok, and the development of
community mortgage programs to provide land and infrastructure
for the poor in the Philippines.

16. Private Sector Development
Privatization of toll roads in Jakarta –
helped accelerate construction of badly needed infrastructure while
helping reduce congestion
Water supplies in Malaysia –
which has enhanced the efficiency of water supply operations
Financing and Resource Mobilization
Development of strong local government -
Financial management systems in Malaysia, rapid development of
financial management capabilities in local governments such as Naga
City and Mandaluyong in the Philippines, and the use of prices to
influence the demand for transportation facilities in
Hong Kong and Singapore

17. Wherein the vast vacancies
will be filled not only by
returning Malaysians, but
also by Americans and
Europeans seeking better
prospects
Reverse brain drain

18. This trend examines a world of:
• zero emissions
• zero accidents
• zero fatalities
• zero defects
• zero breaches of security
• and carbon-neutral factories

19. Over 40 million electric vehicles, including electric pedal cycles,
scooters, four-wheelers and buses will be sold annually around
the globe in 2020.
The opportunity in the e-Mobility market is not in making
cars but in its value chain, batteries (including second life and
recycling), charging stations and packaging innovative mobility
solutions such as 'pay by electrons.'
e-Mobility will redefine personal
mobility in the future

20. The next level of social networking will focus on geographic services
and capabilities such as geocoding and geotagging to enable
additional social dynamics. User-submitted data with profiles and
interests will be matched with location-based services to connect and
co-ordinate with surrounding people or events.
This type of geo-networking will drive markets,
businesses and individuals to interact, advertise and
promote in real time.

21. In future, competition will be
between corridors, not cities and
countries. What this means, is that a
country like Malaysia will be working
with Singapore and vice versa
(Greater Singapore)
Being in a high-growth region in the
world, having great infrastructure,
multilingual workforce, geopolitical
stability, etc
Greater Singapore is a classic city-state, whose population of 6
million (nearly 2 million of whom are actually across the border
in Malaysia) generates a GDP of more than $100 billion.

22. Challenges in implementing and enforcing environmental protection
measures in Malaysia
Issues affecting the implementation of environmental laws and the
problems faced by the decision makers:
• Adoption of policies which gives preference to economic development
rather than a sustainable approach to balanced economic development
and environmental protection;
• Lack of coordination between various government agencies endowed
with decision making in planning and economic development;
• Characteristics of the civil society
• Lack of resources such as manpower and expert
professional and finance

23. • The government must be prepared to promote active public participation to
assure successful implementation of environmental policies and legislation.
Most countries realize the importance of public participation in
development planning since this will instill a sense of belonging and ensure
adherence by the general public.
• The law can only be effective if there is concurrence at all the strategic
levels of the government i.e. the local, state and federal government in
prevention of pollution and restoration of the environment.
• The Federal government must be given more powers in dealing with
environmental problems rather than leaving it to the discretion of the states
in order not to encroach the powers of the powers in dealing with land and
natural resources as enshrined in the Federal Constitution.