This document analyzes media coverage of violence against Dalits in Paramakudi, Tamil Nadu in 2011. It finds that coverage was biased, underrepresented Dalit voices, and often portrayed Dalits as violent mobs while downplaying police violence. The study analyzed several Tamil and English newspapers and found stereotypical language used. Official sources dominated while victim perspectives were absent. Overall, the media coverage fostered "Dalitophobia" similar to how some Western media coverage fuels Islamophobia.
1. V.Ratnamala Ph.D
Assistant Professor
Dept of Mass Communication
Mizoram University
2. Introduction
Six Dalits were shot dead at the Police firing on Sep
11, 2011 in Paramakudi.
The Dalits were assembled to pay homage to
Immanuel Sekaran, a Dalit leader on his death
anniversary which turned violent following the arrest
of their leader John Pandian.
3. Review of literature
Media coverage of Dalits
Under representation
Stereotyping
The positive qualities, their demands and the
background of the Dalit’s problems are often absent in
the media
4. Media coverage of violence on
Dalits
Khairlanji Issue - Proximity
Tirunelveli Massacre – Media rationalize
Tsunduru Massacre – Glorifying Dalits violence
Media & Minorities
Islamophobia
Wolsfeld et al study on the coverage of land day protest
by Arab minorities
6. Purpose of the study
What is the extent of the coverage of Paramakudi
firing in newspapers?
What are the various types of the Dalit news being
covered and neglected?
What are the various themes of news on the
Paramakudi firing was reported?
How are the vocabulary and lexical choice used in the
text?
7. Methodology
Content analysis
Universe - Print Medium
The Tamil dailies namely Dinamalar, Dina Thanthi,
Dinakaran and the English dailies namely The Hindu,
The Times of India and The New Indian Express were
chosen for the study.
A one week samples of the selected dailies from sep11-
17, 2011
8. Results
Frequency of the news occurrences
Sl.No Name of the newspaper Total No of news
1. Dinamalar 45
2. Dina Thanthi 39
3. Dinakaran 64
4. The Hindu 28
5. The New Indian 30
Express
6. The Times of India 21
9. Frequency of the themes of the news items
Sl.No Name of the Violence of Dalits filed Violence of Police – Politicians & Special articles
newspaper by reporters statements by NGOs & Bureaucrats
Dalit politicians
1. Dinamalar 22 4 19 0
2. Dina Thanthi 18 6 13 2
3. Dinakaran 36 11 17 0
4. The Hindu 10 10 7 1
5. The New 14 12 8 0
Indian Express
6. The Times of 7 2 6 5
India
11. Vocabulary or Lexical choices
New Indian Express - Rampaging mob, violent
mob, Miscreants
The Hindu - stone pelting mob
The Times of India – angry dalit mobs
In Dinakaran and Dina Thanthi, they called them as
supporters until the violence started. After that they
called them as mob
12. Findings
More space and more news reports
Not followed two source rule
Second sourcing
Stereotyping as violent
Dalit violence glorified & Police violence downplayed
13. Conclusion
The coverage of Paramakudi firing could be compared
with the coverage of Islam in western media.
The post 9/11 coverage in American media leads to
Islamophobia. The post 9/11 coverage i.e. the
Paramakudi firing and also the previous incidents of
violence on Dalits coverage in media is biased and
branded.
The coverage leads to the fear or dread of Dalits in
Tamil Nadu. So it could also be termed as
Dalitophobia.
Notas do Editor
1. Immanuel sekaran is a Dalit leader who laid his life in the struggle against caste depression in Tamil Nadu after Independence. 2. John Pandian is the leader of the TMMK which represents an assertive leadership against the inequalities of caste. His rise as a dalit leader in the 1980s coincides with the rise of dalit assertion in southern districts.
1. Manjolai tea estate workers demonstrated before the Tirunelveli district Collectorate on the banks of the river Thamirabarani with the support of political parties on July 23, 1999 which ended with the loss of 17 lives.2. The Khairlanji massacre refers to the 2006 lynching-style murders of a Dalit family by members ofKunbi OBC caste. The killings took place in a small village in India named Khairlanji, located in theBhandara district of the state of Maharashtra. On September 29, 2006, four members of the Bhotmangefamily belonging to the Dalit underclass were slaughtered in Kherlanji, a small village in Bhandara districtof Maharashtra. The women of the family, Surekha and Priyanka, were paraded naked in public, beforebeing murdered. The criminal act was allegedly carried out by assailants from the Kunbi for "opposing" therequisition of their field to have a road built over it. Initial reports suggested that the women were allegedlygang-raped before being murdered.3. On August 6, 1991, the Dalit men of Tsunduru were chased out of their colony in the village by the police to nearby paddy fields and eight Dalits were massacred by the high-caste Hindus. The bodies were stuffed in gunny sacks and thrown in a canal. Tsuduru is a village in Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh state.