Network Fundamentals

1. Chapter 1
Network Fundamentals
Networking Fundamentals and Media Services (NMS)

2. Network
 A system in which a number of computers are linked
together to share data and peripherals
Resources
Hard disks, printers, internet
connection, etc

3. Evolution of Networks
Local Area Metropolitan Wide Area
Connect 2
Sneakernet Network Area Network Network
computers
(LAN) (MAN) (WAN)
• Hand carry thumb • Computers • Computers • Computers
drive / disk interconnected interconnected interconnected
within a building within several around the world
buildings

4. Why network?
 Share information or data
 Share hardware or
software Sharing information or data
 Increase security • Documents
• Videos & audio files
 Backup files • Calendar schedule
• Social media
 Share internet connection
 Play multiplayer games

5. Network security
 Logging out if you will be away from your workstation for
more than 15 minutes
 Using unusual passwords (containing letters, number and
special characters) and changing them regularly
 Using deceptive filenames for sensitive data
 Conducting audit trial to track network activities

6. Intranet vs Internet
Intranet
 Network to make information available to employees on the
company’s internal network
Internet
 World-wide network of computers accessible to anyone who
knows their Internet Protocol (IP) address - the IP address is a
unique set of numbers (such as 209.33.27.100) that defines
the computer's location.

7. Backup
 A file server is a computer
responsible for the storage
and management of data in a
central location.

8. Components of LAN
 Computers
Hosts
 Peripherals (Shared Resources)
 Network Interface Card (NIC)
 Networking media –> how the hosts communicate
 Network traffic control or Network Communication devices

9. Components of LAN

10. Network Interface Card (NIC)
 A printed circuit board (PCB) that fits into
the expansion slot or integrated into the
mother board
 Also called network adapter
 Adapt the host device to the network
medium
 Unique Media Access Control (MAC)
address

11. Networking Media
 Coaxial cable
 Fiber Optic cable
 Free space
 Copper cable

12. Networking Media
 Coaxial cable

13. Networking Media
 Fiber Optical cable

14. Networking Media
 Copper cable



Pairs with different
twist rates to reduce
crosstalk
RJ45
(Registered Jack )

15. Network traffic control or Network
Communication devices
 Repeater – amplifies the electrical signals and resends the data,
single port “in” and single port “out”
 Hub – may be 4, 8, 12, 16 or 24 ports
 Passive: just split the signal for multiple hosts
 Active: multi-port repeater, extend a cable length
 Bridge – filter traffic between two LAN segment using MAC
address
 Switch – multi-port bridge
 Difference between Hub and Switch?
 Router – direct traffic from one network to another (path selection
and switching of packets) using IP address

16. Symbols
Another network or
the whole internet

17. Q&A

18.  Work in groups of 1-3
students
 Create a mindmap of this
topic
 Prize for the best mindmap
Exercise 1 - mindmap
Chapter 1