1. PHILIPPINE
LITERATURE
1ST YEAR HIGH SCHOOL
ENGLISH LESSONS

2. Unit IV:
THE CONTEMPORARY PERIOD
LESSON 13 TREASURED MEMORIES
Reading 1: “Tartanilla”
Lesson: Onomatopeia
Reading 2: “i apologize, waling-waling”
Lesson: Finding Messages in Poetry
Review about Free Verse

3. VOCABULARY LISTENING SPEAKING STUDY GRAMMAR WRITING
AND
RESEARCH
Recognizing Cause- Reading Reading a Using Plotting
Words Taken Effect Poetry Aloud Table Adjectives Information
From Relationship on a Table
Mythology by Causality
The Positions
and Functions
of Adjectives
Using A and
An Correctly
Comparing
Adjectives
Recognizing
Adjective
Endings
Making Clear
and Correct
Comparisons

4. ONOMATOPOEIA
the use of words that imitate the sounds associated
with the objects or actions they refer to
Example:
bang
hiss
crackle
giggle

5. The steaks sizzled on the grill.
Clap your hands a little louder.
The water bubbled up from the sink.
Zing, went the violin strings.
The owl hooted as it sat in the tree.

6. Messages in poetry
The idea about life that a poet writes about
is called the theme or message of the poem.
Example:
love violence
anger childhood
nature sorrow

7. Free verse
a poem that has no regular rhyme or rhythm
Many contemporary poets
prefer to write
in free verse for more
freedom of expression.

8. Example:
Nature
It’s a beautiful thing
We go outside and it’s right there
But we do not seem to notice it
With trees growing all around us
Birds searing in the air

9. Words Taken From Mythology
Many English expressions today
come from
Greek and Roman myths and legends.

10. Example:
mercurial temper
(apt to change moods
abruptly and with little cause)
herculean task
(work that needs great
strength and endurance)

11. CAUSE-EFFECT RELATIONSHIP
One event is the reason another event happens.
Cause - the event that happens first
Effect - result; what happens due to the cause
(can be an event
or a change in behavior)

12. He’s late for work due to heavy traffic.
effect cause

13. Cue words of the cause-effect relationship:
• in order
• because
• that
• therefore
• so that
• since
• if - then
Sometimes, there are no cue words.
TIME FOR CHECKUP!

14. Reading poetry aloud
Why? To communicate the ideas and feelings
of the speaker in the poem.
How:
1. Emphasize key words and phrases
through pitch and volume of voice.
2. Vary reading pace.

15. 3. Read slowly and loudly enough.
a. Pronounce words distinctly.
b. Pause only at commas, periods, and
break in ideas
4. Read as though you are speaking
to someone.

17. READING A TABLE
Table 1: Final Medal Tally of the 22nd SEA Games
Country Gold Silver Bronze Total 1. Determine what the table
Vietnam 135 96 44 275 is about.
Thailand 90 93 28 211
2. Study the headings
Indonesia 67 56 34 157
at the top of each column.
Philippines 22 45 77 144
Malaysia 16 53 70 139
3. Use the headings for the
rows and columns to locate
Singapore 4 34 84 122 specific information.

18. USING ADJECTIVES
An adjective is a word
that describes, limits,
or points out a noun.
• SOME ADJECTIVES DESCRIBE.
the man with a large jaw

19. • SOME ADJECTIVES POINT OUT. These are
this, that, these, and those.
This wallet is mine.
• SOME ADJECTIVES TELL HOW MANY.
five months
sixth column

20. • SOME ADJECTIVES ARE INDEFINITE.
These are many, some, any, other, few, and
either.
many teachers
• THE ARTICLES A, AN, AND THE ARE
ADJECTIVES.
a ball

21. • PROPER ADJECTIVES ARE DERIVED
FROM PROPER NOUNS.
Filipino citizen
• COMMON NOUNS ARE SOMETIMES
USED AS ADJECTIVES.
flower garden

22. • SOME ADJECTIVES ARE MADE UP OF
TWO OR MORE HYPHENATED WORDS
(COMPOUND WORDS).
happy-go-lucky students

23. The positions and functions
of adjectives
I see the green leaves on the trees.
(modifier)
The leaves of the tree are green.
(predicate adjective)
The boy painted the leaves green.
(objective complement)

24. Using a and an correctly
•Use a before consonant sounds (not letters)
a hotel
a university
•Use an before vowel sounds (again, not letters)
an hour
an honest man

25. Comparing adjectives
Comparative Adjectives compare two
objects.
Superlative Adjectives are used in a
comparison of three or more objects.

26. Positive What to do Comparative Superlative
short add –er/-est + shorter than the shortest
than/the
rich add –er/-est + richer than the richest
than/the
cute add –r/-st + cuter than the cutest
(ending in e) than/the
sleepy change y to i sleepier than the
(ending in y) before adding sleepiest
–er/-est +
than/the

27. Some adjectives of two syllables
and all of three or more syllables
are compared by using more or
less for the comparative degree,
and most or least for the
superlative degree.

28. Positive Comparative Superlative
beautiful more beautiful most beautiful
frequent less frequent least frequent
sudden more sudden most sudden

29. Irregular Adjectives – no specific rule in forming the
comparative and superlative degrees
Positive Comparative Superlative
good better best
much more most
far farther farthest
further furthest

30. Some adjectives that
cannot be compared:
absolute perfect
correct round
complete square
equal supreme
first unique
last unanimous

31. Recognizing adjective endings
ADJECTIVE ENDING EXAMPLE
-al emotional, sentimental
-an Asian, American
-ant pleasant, defiant
-ar polar, popular
-ary visionary, cautionary
-ate affectionate, fortunate
-en woolen, earthen

32. ADJECTIVE ENDING EXAMPLE
-ent confident
-ish foolish
-ive massive
-like catlike
-ly friendly
-ous humorous
-y dusty
Note: Not all words ending in –ly are adjectives.

33. Making clear and correct
comparisons
• The qualities compared should be of the same class.
Incorrect: Clara’s dress is longer than Maria.
(Clara’s dress is compared to Maria)
Correct: Clara’s dress is longer than Maria’s.

34. • Avoid double comparison.
Incorrect: It was the most happiest day of my life.
(happiest is already in the superlative degree, no need for most)
Correct: It was the happiest day of my life.

35. Plotting information on a table
An excellent way to display
data or information in an
organized fashion
A table must have a title to show
what it’s all about. There must be
headings in the rows and columns.
TIME FOR CHECKUP

36. Reference:
Language in Literature Philippine Literature Revised Edition by Ribo and Reyes
http://bigcsshop.hubpages.com/hub/100-Word-Examples-of-Onomatopoeia
http://www.notredamewelland.com/school/images/clubs/Digital-Damers_Free-Verse-
Poem.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.notredamewelland.com/school/clubs_Digital_Dame
rs.htm&h=587&w=373&sz=54&tbnid=FAGjgb9QZAZt1M:&tbnh=90