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Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine 2013:4 171–174
Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine
Descriptive epidemiology of injuries
in a Brazilian premier league soccer team
Rafael Júlio de Freitas
Guina Fachina1,2
Marília dos Santos Andrade3
Fernando Roberto Silva4
Silas Waszczuk-Junior4
Paulo César Montagner1
João Paulo Borin1
Claudio Andre Barbosa de
Lira5
1
Departamento de Ciência do
Esporte, Faculdade de Educação
Física, Universidade Estadual de
Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas,
Brazil; 2
Confederação Brasileira de
Basketball (CBB), Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil; 3
Departamento de Fisiologia,
Universidade Federal de São Paulo,
São Paulo, Brazil; 4
Grêmio Barueri
Futebol LTDA, Barueri, Brazil; 5
Setor
de Fisiologia Humana e do Exercício,
Universidade Federal de Goiás,
Câmpus Jataí, Jataí, Brazil
Correspondence: Claudio Andre Barbosa
de Lira
Setor de Fisiologia Humana e do
Exercício, Universidade Federal
de Goiás, Câmpus Jataí – Unidade Jatobá,
BR 364, km 192, 3800 Parque Industrial,
Jataí 75801-615, GO, Brazil
Tel +55 64 3606 8301
Email andre.claudio@gmail.com
Abstract: Soccer, which has a large number of participants, has a high injury incidence that causes
both financial and time burdens. Therefore, knowledge about the epidemiology of soccer injuries
could allow sports-medicine professionals, such as physicians and physiotherapists, to direct their
work in specific preventive programs. Thus, our aim was to conduct an epidemiological survey of
injuriessustainedbyprofessionalsoccerplayersfromthesameteamwhoparticipatedintheBrazilian
championship premier league in 2009. To this end, we evaluated retrospectively player medical
records from the team, which included name, date of birth, position, date of injury, mechanism of
injury,andtypeofinjury.Intheperiodofstudy,95 injurieswererecorded:42(44.2%)wererecorded
during matches, and 53 (55.8%) during the training period. Injuries occurred more frequently in
midfielders and strikers.All injuries happened in the lower limb, most of the injuries were muscular,
andmostoccurredastheresultofcollisionswithotherathletes.Insummary,thisstudydemonstrates
that there is a need for greater safety awareness in the training environment.
Keywords: injuries, epidemiology, soccer players
Introduction
With 220 million players worldwide, soccer is the world’s most popular team sport.1,2
According to estimates from the Fédération Internationale de FootballAssociation, the
average injury costs US$150, and the total cost of worldwide soccer injuries is nearly
$30 billion a year.3
To reduce this monetary burden, preventive injury programs are
of great interest.4
In this context, data collection about the epidemiology of injuries,
risk factors related to dangerous situations, and aspects of the game are desirable.5
Risk factors include intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors. In this context, intrinsic risk
factors play an important role, and include previous injury, older age, poor flexibility,
and decreased muscle strength or strength imbalances.6
In soccer, a player is considered injured when he/she cannot attend the next match or
practice session.7
According to previous studies, muscle strains, contusions, and sprains
constitute approximately 75% of professional players’injuries.5,8
Injuries of the lower
limbs, in which the thigh, knee, and ankle are the most commonly impaired sites,1,2,5–8
constitute 60%–85% of all soccer injuries in both sexes. More than half of the injuries
are caused by collision between players,9,10
and most of the others occur during actions
such as running, shooting, turning, and heading the ball.1,5
Surprisingly, few previous
studies have evaluated the occurrence of injury in Brazilian soccer players. Brazil has a
high number of participants, and is considered to have some of the best soccer players
in the world. Indeed, there is a lack of descriptive data in the international literature
concerning this aspect of elite soccer players from South America.
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This article was published in the following Dove Press journal:
Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine
26 June 2013
Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine 2013:4
Thus, the current study was performed to investigate the
occurrence of injury in soccer players from a Brazilian pre-
mier league professional soccer team. Secondary aims were
to describe the mechanisms and specific injury patterns of
soccer players in order to enable the development of strate-
gies for injury prevention.
Materials and methods
Theoccurrence,site,andcauseofinjurieswereretrospectively
studied in 35 male Brazilian professional soccer players
from the same team. The squad was composed of three
goalkeepers, eight center backs, six wing-/fullbacks, eight
defensive midfielders, three attacking midfielders, and seven
strikers. The characteristics of the athletes are presented in
Table 1.
Data on occurrence, site, and cause of injuries related
to the 2009 season, particularly in the Brazilian soccer
premier league (played during April to December), were
retrospectively collected from medical records. In this period,
athletes played 38 official matches.The team had a physician
responsible for clinical evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment
of injured athletes. This physician, who was present during
all training sessions and competitions, was responsible for
maintaining the medical records. Information about the injury
was noted, including the type, severity, and site of injury; the
time and mechanism of injury (traumatic or overuse); and
whether it happened during a match or training.
In this study, injury was defined as any physical damage
to the player due to soccer-related activity participation that
caused the player to miss at least one training session or
match. Illnesses, diseases, and mental complaints were not
considered physical complaints.
All experimental procedures were designed according
to the Helsinki Conference for research on human beings
and to the ethical standards in sports-and-exercise science
research.
Statistical analysis
A descriptive statistical analysis was performed (mean, stan-
dard deviation, and absolute and relative frequencies) using
GraphPad Prism (GraphPad Software, La Jolla, CA, USA)
version 5.0 for Windows.
Results
In the period of study, 95 injuries were recorded: 42 (44.2%)
were recorded during matches, and 53 (55.8%) during the
training period. Data are presented as absolute frequency
(relative frequency).
Among the injuries that occurred, five (5.3%) injuries
occurred in goalkeepers (1.66 injuries/athlete), 15 (15.8%)
injuries occurred in center backs (1.87 injuries/athlete), eleven
(11.6%) injuries occurred in wing-/fullbacks (1.83 injuries/
athlete), 30 (31.6%) injuries occurred in defensive midfielders
(3.75 injuries/athlete), seven (7.3%) injuries occurred in
attacking midfielders (2.33 injuries/athlete), and 27 (28.4%)
injuries occurred in strikers (3.86 injuries/player).
Most injuries were tendinopathies (27 injuries [28.4%],
19 during training period and eight during matches), 17
(17.9%) were sprains (seven during training period and ten
during matches), 14 (14.7%) were muscle contractures (nine
during training period and five during matches), 13 (13.7%)
were myalgias (seven during training period and six during
matches), nine (9.4%) were muscular strains (two during
training period and seven during matches), eight (8.4%)
were acute diffuse pain (three during training period and five
during matches), two (2.1%) were periostitis (two during
training period and none during matches), one (1.1%) was
bursitis (during training period), one (1.1%) was a fracture
(during training period), one (1.1%) was synovitis (during
training period), and two (2.1%) were other injuries (one
during training period and one during matches). All injuries
occurred in the lower limb.
Finally, regarding the mechanism of injury, 23 (24.2%)
injuries occurred as a result of collisions with other athletes,
19 (20.0%) injuries as a result of twisting the knee with the
foot planted firmly on the ground, 15 (15.8%) as a result
of running activities, twelve (11.7%) as a result of kicking
activities, eight (8.4%) as a result of jumping activities, six
(6.3%) as a result of ball-crossing activities, five (5.2%) as a
result of an abrupt stop, four (4.2%) as a result of falls, two
(2.1%) as a result of lateral movements, one (1.1%) during
dribbling, and one (1.1%) during heading.
Discussion
Since injury in soccer represents a serious problem in terms
of health and performance for players and clubs, the purpose
of the present study was to describe briefly the number of
injuries in a Brazilian professional soccer team from the
Table 1 Subjects’ characteristics (n = 35)
Mean ± SD
Age (years) 25.7 ± 4.3
Body mass (kg) 79.3 ± 11.2
Body fat (%) 12.7 ± 3.5
Height (cm) 181.0 ± 7.0
Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation.
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Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine 2013:4
premier league.The results of this study suggest that injuries
are more prevalent during the training period and occurred
most frequently in midfielders and strikers. Collisions with
other athletes were referenced as the main mechanism of
injury. In addition, most of the injuries were tendinopathies
and sprains (ligamentous disruption).
Regarding the injury sites, lower limbs were involved
in all injuries described in this study. These findings have
been reported in previous studies.1,11
Indeed, injuries of the
lower limbs, in which the thigh, knee, and ankle are the
most commonly impaired sites,1,2,5–8
constitute 60%–85%
of all soccer injuries in both sexes. These findings are most
likely associated with improper use of protective equipment
during training, insufficient preseason preparation, sudden
movements without proper warm-up, or insufficient
knowledge of team members or type and volume of
exercise.7,12,13
Injury occurrence during the training period was greater
than during matches. There are two possible explanations
for this finding: (1) much more time is spent training than
playing in matches, or (2) the training regimen in soccer is
characterized by overexertion (this is reflective of a higher
emphasis on match-specific speed, power, and agility-
conditioning drills undertaken in the training sessions).
A closer look at injury mechanisms is required for further
investigations. Most of the studies did not distinguish between
contact and noncontact injury patterns. In the present study,
most injuries occurred as a result of collisions with other
athletes. This result is in line with previous studies.12,14
In
the study of mechanisms of injuries in the English Premier
League, the most frequent contacts that led to injury were the
results of being tackled, tackling, and being charged.5
In order
to reduce incidence and severity of contact injuries, more
intense enforcement of rules by referees9
and more emphasis
on proper usage of protective measures could be effective.3
By better planning of strength and proprioceptive exercises
and also improving performance techniques, the incidence
of noncontact injuries may be reduced.
Our results concerning the frequency of injuries in the
six player positions (goalkeepers, center backs, wing-/
fullbacks, defensive midfielders, attacking midfielders, and
strikers) are in accordance with previous studies,7,14
because
in this study, the highest number of injuries occurred in the
strikers and defensive players. This result may be explained
by considering the new style of soccer: strength, speed, and
especially directional changes at high acceleration predispose
both attack and defense players to injuries and increase the
possibility of collisions with opponents.
This study demonstrates that there is a need for greater
safety awareness in the training environment. A trained
sports physician was available for this team, but not all teams
have access to this level of medical support. In addition, an
understanding of the demands of training and the effects that
injuries have on players is essential for the identification of
injury-prevention strategies. Finally, further studies must be
conducted to clarify the relationship between injuries and
field conditions.
Acknowledgment
We are grateful to the directors of Grêmio Barueri Futebol
LTDA.
Disclosure
The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.
References
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Semelhante a Injuries in a brazilian premier league (20)

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Injuries in a brazilian premier league

  • 1. © 2013 Fachina et al, publisher and licensee Dove Medical Press Ltd. This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, provided the original work is properly cited. Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine 2013:4 171–174 Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine Descriptive epidemiology of injuries in a Brazilian premier league soccer team Rafael Júlio de Freitas Guina Fachina1,2 Marília dos Santos Andrade3 Fernando Roberto Silva4 Silas Waszczuk-Junior4 Paulo César Montagner1 João Paulo Borin1 Claudio Andre Barbosa de Lira5 1 Departamento de Ciência do Esporte, Faculdade de Educação Física, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil; 2 Confederação Brasileira de Basketball (CBB), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; 3 Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; 4 Grêmio Barueri Futebol LTDA, Barueri, Brazil; 5 Setor de Fisiologia Humana e do Exercício, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Câmpus Jataí, Jataí, Brazil Correspondence: Claudio Andre Barbosa de Lira Setor de Fisiologia Humana e do Exercício, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Câmpus Jataí – Unidade Jatobá, BR 364, km 192, 3800 Parque Industrial, Jataí 75801-615, GO, Brazil Tel +55 64 3606 8301 Email andre.claudio@gmail.com Abstract: Soccer, which has a large number of participants, has a high injury incidence that causes both financial and time burdens. Therefore, knowledge about the epidemiology of soccer injuries could allow sports-medicine professionals, such as physicians and physiotherapists, to direct their work in specific preventive programs. Thus, our aim was to conduct an epidemiological survey of injuriessustainedbyprofessionalsoccerplayersfromthesameteamwhoparticipatedintheBrazilian championship premier league in 2009. To this end, we evaluated retrospectively player medical records from the team, which included name, date of birth, position, date of injury, mechanism of injury,andtypeofinjury.Intheperiodofstudy,95 injurieswererecorded:42(44.2%)wererecorded during matches, and 53 (55.8%) during the training period. Injuries occurred more frequently in midfielders and strikers.All injuries happened in the lower limb, most of the injuries were muscular, andmostoccurredastheresultofcollisionswithotherathletes.Insummary,thisstudydemonstrates that there is a need for greater safety awareness in the training environment. Keywords: injuries, epidemiology, soccer players Introduction With 220 million players worldwide, soccer is the world’s most popular team sport.1,2 According to estimates from the Fédération Internationale de FootballAssociation, the average injury costs US$150, and the total cost of worldwide soccer injuries is nearly $30 billion a year.3 To reduce this monetary burden, preventive injury programs are of great interest.4 In this context, data collection about the epidemiology of injuries, risk factors related to dangerous situations, and aspects of the game are desirable.5 Risk factors include intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors. In this context, intrinsic risk factors play an important role, and include previous injury, older age, poor flexibility, and decreased muscle strength or strength imbalances.6 In soccer, a player is considered injured when he/she cannot attend the next match or practice session.7 According to previous studies, muscle strains, contusions, and sprains constitute approximately 75% of professional players’injuries.5,8 Injuries of the lower limbs, in which the thigh, knee, and ankle are the most commonly impaired sites,1,2,5–8 constitute 60%–85% of all soccer injuries in both sexes. More than half of the injuries are caused by collision between players,9,10 and most of the others occur during actions such as running, shooting, turning, and heading the ball.1,5 Surprisingly, few previous studies have evaluated the occurrence of injury in Brazilian soccer players. Brazil has a high number of participants, and is considered to have some of the best soccer players in the world. Indeed, there is a lack of descriptive data in the international literature concerning this aspect of elite soccer players from South America. Dovepress submit your manuscript | www.dovepress.com Dovepress 171 O riginal R esearch open access to scientific and medical research Open Access Full Text Article http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/OAJSM.S44384 OpenAccessJournalofSportsMedicinedownloadedfromhttps://www.dovepress.com/by131.156.224.67on21-Sep-2016 Forpersonaluseonly. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) Number of times this article has been viewed This article was published in the following Dove Press journal: Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine 26 June 2013
  • 2. Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine 2013:4 Thus, the current study was performed to investigate the occurrence of injury in soccer players from a Brazilian pre- mier league professional soccer team. Secondary aims were to describe the mechanisms and specific injury patterns of soccer players in order to enable the development of strate- gies for injury prevention. Materials and methods Theoccurrence,site,andcauseofinjurieswereretrospectively studied in 35 male Brazilian professional soccer players from the same team. The squad was composed of three goalkeepers, eight center backs, six wing-/fullbacks, eight defensive midfielders, three attacking midfielders, and seven strikers. The characteristics of the athletes are presented in Table 1. Data on occurrence, site, and cause of injuries related to the 2009 season, particularly in the Brazilian soccer premier league (played during April to December), were retrospectively collected from medical records. In this period, athletes played 38 official matches.The team had a physician responsible for clinical evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of injured athletes. This physician, who was present during all training sessions and competitions, was responsible for maintaining the medical records. Information about the injury was noted, including the type, severity, and site of injury; the time and mechanism of injury (traumatic or overuse); and whether it happened during a match or training. In this study, injury was defined as any physical damage to the player due to soccer-related activity participation that caused the player to miss at least one training session or match. Illnesses, diseases, and mental complaints were not considered physical complaints. All experimental procedures were designed according to the Helsinki Conference for research on human beings and to the ethical standards in sports-and-exercise science research. Statistical analysis A descriptive statistical analysis was performed (mean, stan- dard deviation, and absolute and relative frequencies) using GraphPad Prism (GraphPad Software, La Jolla, CA, USA) version 5.0 for Windows. Results In the period of study, 95 injuries were recorded: 42 (44.2%) were recorded during matches, and 53 (55.8%) during the training period. Data are presented as absolute frequency (relative frequency). Among the injuries that occurred, five (5.3%) injuries occurred in goalkeepers (1.66 injuries/athlete), 15 (15.8%) injuries occurred in center backs (1.87 injuries/athlete), eleven (11.6%) injuries occurred in wing-/fullbacks (1.83 injuries/ athlete), 30 (31.6%) injuries occurred in defensive midfielders (3.75 injuries/athlete), seven (7.3%) injuries occurred in attacking midfielders (2.33 injuries/athlete), and 27 (28.4%) injuries occurred in strikers (3.86 injuries/player). Most injuries were tendinopathies (27 injuries [28.4%], 19 during training period and eight during matches), 17 (17.9%) were sprains (seven during training period and ten during matches), 14 (14.7%) were muscle contractures (nine during training period and five during matches), 13 (13.7%) were myalgias (seven during training period and six during matches), nine (9.4%) were muscular strains (two during training period and seven during matches), eight (8.4%) were acute diffuse pain (three during training period and five during matches), two (2.1%) were periostitis (two during training period and none during matches), one (1.1%) was bursitis (during training period), one (1.1%) was a fracture (during training period), one (1.1%) was synovitis (during training period), and two (2.1%) were other injuries (one during training period and one during matches). All injuries occurred in the lower limb. Finally, regarding the mechanism of injury, 23 (24.2%) injuries occurred as a result of collisions with other athletes, 19 (20.0%) injuries as a result of twisting the knee with the foot planted firmly on the ground, 15 (15.8%) as a result of running activities, twelve (11.7%) as a result of kicking activities, eight (8.4%) as a result of jumping activities, six (6.3%) as a result of ball-crossing activities, five (5.2%) as a result of an abrupt stop, four (4.2%) as a result of falls, two (2.1%) as a result of lateral movements, one (1.1%) during dribbling, and one (1.1%) during heading. Discussion Since injury in soccer represents a serious problem in terms of health and performance for players and clubs, the purpose of the present study was to describe briefly the number of injuries in a Brazilian professional soccer team from the Table 1 Subjects’ characteristics (n = 35) Mean ± SD Age (years) 25.7 ± 4.3 Body mass (kg) 79.3 ± 11.2 Body fat (%) 12.7 ± 3.5 Height (cm) 181.0 ± 7.0 Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation. submit your manuscript | www.dovepress.com Dovepress Dovepress 172 Fachina et al OpenAccessJournalofSportsMedicinedownloadedfromhttps://www.dovepress.com/by131.156.224.67on21-Sep-2016 Forpersonaluseonly. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
  • 3. Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine 2013:4 premier league.The results of this study suggest that injuries are more prevalent during the training period and occurred most frequently in midfielders and strikers. Collisions with other athletes were referenced as the main mechanism of injury. In addition, most of the injuries were tendinopathies and sprains (ligamentous disruption). Regarding the injury sites, lower limbs were involved in all injuries described in this study. These findings have been reported in previous studies.1,11 Indeed, injuries of the lower limbs, in which the thigh, knee, and ankle are the most commonly impaired sites,1,2,5–8 constitute 60%–85% of all soccer injuries in both sexes. These findings are most likely associated with improper use of protective equipment during training, insufficient preseason preparation, sudden movements without proper warm-up, or insufficient knowledge of team members or type and volume of exercise.7,12,13 Injury occurrence during the training period was greater than during matches. There are two possible explanations for this finding: (1) much more time is spent training than playing in matches, or (2) the training regimen in soccer is characterized by overexertion (this is reflective of a higher emphasis on match-specific speed, power, and agility- conditioning drills undertaken in the training sessions). A closer look at injury mechanisms is required for further investigations. Most of the studies did not distinguish between contact and noncontact injury patterns. In the present study, most injuries occurred as a result of collisions with other athletes. This result is in line with previous studies.12,14 In the study of mechanisms of injuries in the English Premier League, the most frequent contacts that led to injury were the results of being tackled, tackling, and being charged.5 In order to reduce incidence and severity of contact injuries, more intense enforcement of rules by referees9 and more emphasis on proper usage of protective measures could be effective.3 By better planning of strength and proprioceptive exercises and also improving performance techniques, the incidence of noncontact injuries may be reduced. Our results concerning the frequency of injuries in the six player positions (goalkeepers, center backs, wing-/ fullbacks, defensive midfielders, attacking midfielders, and strikers) are in accordance with previous studies,7,14 because in this study, the highest number of injuries occurred in the strikers and defensive players. This result may be explained by considering the new style of soccer: strength, speed, and especially directional changes at high acceleration predispose both attack and defense players to injuries and increase the possibility of collisions with opponents. This study demonstrates that there is a need for greater safety awareness in the training environment. A trained sports physician was available for this team, but not all teams have access to this level of medical support. In addition, an understanding of the demands of training and the effects that injuries have on players is essential for the identification of injury-prevention strategies. Finally, further studies must be conducted to clarify the relationship between injuries and field conditions. Acknowledgment We are grateful to the directors of Grêmio Barueri Futebol LTDA. Disclosure The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work. References 1. Emery CA, Meeuwisse WH, Hartmann SE. Evaluation of risk factors for injury in adolescent soccer: implementation and validation of an injury surveillance system. Am J Sports Med. 2005;33:1882–1891. 2. Kucera KL, Marshall SW, Kirkendall DT, Marchak PM, Garrett WE Jr. Injury history as a risk factor for incident injury in youth soccer. Br J Sports Med. 2005;39:462. 3. Giza E, Micheli JL. Soccer injuries. In: Maffulli N, Caine DJ, editors. Epidemiology of Pediatric Sports Injuries: Team Sports. Basel: Karger; 2005:140–169. 4. Dupont G, Nedelec M, McCallA, McCormack D, Berthoin S,Wisløff U. Effect of 2 soccer matches in a week on physical performance and injury rate. Am J Sports Med. 2010;38:1752–1758. 5. Rahnama N, ReillyT, LeesA. Injury risk associated with playing actions during competitive soccer. Br J Sports Med. 2002;36:345–359. 6. Hägglund M, Waldén M, Ekstrand J. Risk factors for lower extremity muscle injury in professional soccer: the UEFA Injury Study. Am J Sports Med. 201;41:327–335. 7. Junge A, Dvorak J. Influence of definition and data collection on the incidence of injuries in football. Am J Sports Med. 2000;28:S40–S46. 8. Wong P, Hong Y. Soccer injury in the lower extremities. Br J Sports Med. 2005;39:473–482. 9. Dvorak J, Junge A, Grimm K, Kirkendall D. Medical report from the 2006 FIFA World Cup Germany. Br J Sports Med. 2007;41:578–581. 10. JungeA, Langevoort G, PipeA, et al. Injuries in team sport tournaments during the 2004 Olympic Games. Am J Sports Med. 2006;34: 565–576. 11. Zanuto EA, Harada H, Gabriel-Filho LR. Epidemiological assessment of injuries and physical profile of amateur soccer players in the western region of São Paulo. Rev Bras Med Esporte. 2010;16:116–120. 12. Faude O, Junge A, Kindermann W, Dvorak J. Injuries in female soccer players: a prospective study in the German national league. Am J Sports Med. 2005;33:1694–1700. 13. Morgan BE, Oberlander MA.An examination of injuries in major league soccer. The inaugural season. Am J Sports Med. 2001;29:426–430. 14. Engström B, Johansson C, Törnkvist H. Soccer injuries among elite female players. Am J Sports Med. 1991;19:372–375. submit your manuscript | www.dovepress.com Dovepress Dovepress 173 Injuries and soccer OpenAccessJournalofSportsMedicinedownloadedfromhttps://www.dovepress.com/by131.156.224.67on21-Sep-2016 Forpersonaluseonly. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
  • 4. Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine Publish your work in this journal Submit your manuscript here: http://www.dovepress.com/open-access-journal-of-sports-medicine-journal Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal publishing original research, reports, reviews and commentaries on all areas of sports medicine. The manuscript management system is completely online and includes a very quick and fair peer-review system. Visit http://www.dovepress.com/testimonials.php to read real quotes from published authors. Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine 2013:4submit your manuscript | www.dovepress.com Dovepress Dovepress Dovepress 174 Fachina et al OpenAccessJournalofSportsMedicinedownloadedfromhttps://www.dovepress.com/by131.156.224.67on21-Sep-2016 Forpersonaluseonly. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)