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Chapter 6 Memory
Stage Model of Memory
Three Stages of Memory ,[object Object],Long-term memory Working or Short-term Memory Sensory Input Sensory Memory Attention Encoding Retrieval Maintenance Rehearsal
Sensory Memory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Sensory Input Sensory Memory
Sensory Memory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Sensory Input Sensory Memory
Sensory Memory ,[object Object],[object Object],Sensory Input Sensory Memory
Sensory Memory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Short Term or Working Memory Working or Short-term Memory Sensory Input Sensory Memory Attention
Short-Term Memory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Working or Short-term Memory Sensory Input Sensory Memory Attention
Maintenance Rehearsal ,[object Object],Working or Short-term Memory Sensory Input Sensory Memory Attention Maintenance Rehearsal
 
Chunking ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Long-Term Memory ,[object Object],Long-term memory Working or Short-term Memory Sensory Input Sensory Memory Attention Encoding Retrieval Maintenance Rehearsal
Long-Term Memory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Long-term memory Working or Short-term Memory Sensory Input Sensory Memory Attention Encoding Retrieval Maintenance Rehearsal
Long-Term Memory ,[object Object],[object Object],Long-term memory Working or Short-term Memory Sensory Input Sensory Memory Attention Encoding Retrieval Maintenance Rehearsal
Automatic vs. Effortful Encoding ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Automatic vs. Effortful Encoding ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Types of Long Term Memory ,[object Object],[object Object]
 
Explicit Memory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Explicit Memory ,[object Object],[object Object]
Episodic Memory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Semantic Memory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Semantic Memory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Implicit Memory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Procedural Memory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
How are memories organized? ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Hierarchical Organization
Hierarchical Organization
Semantic Network Model ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Semantic Network Model Red Fire House Cherry Apple Rose Pear Ambulance Fire Engine Truck Bus Car Flower Violet Hot Pot Stove Pan Pie
Review of Long-term Memory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Long-term memory Working or Short-term Memory Sensory Input Sensory Memory Attention Encoding Retrieval Maintenance Rehearsal
Why do we forget? ,[object Object],Retrieval from long-term memory Depending on interference, retrieval cues, moods, and motives, some things get retrieved, some don’t Long-term storage Some items are altered or lost Short-term memory A few items are both noticed and encoded Sensory memory The senses momentarily register amazing detail
Forgetting as retrieval failure ,[object Object],[object Object],Retrieval failure leads to forgetting Retrieval X Encoding Short-term memory Long-term memory
Tip of the tongue phenomenon ,[object Object],[object Object]
Measures of Retrieval ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Encoding Specificity ,[object Object],[object Object]
Encoding Specificity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Memory Distortion ,[object Object],[object Object]
Loftus Experiment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Accident Leading question: “ About how fast were the cars going when they smashed into each other?” Memory construction
Loftus Results Word Used in Question Average Speed Estimate smashed collided bumped hit contacted 41 m.p.h. 39 m.p.h. 38 m.p.h. 34 m.p.h. 32 m.p.h.
Eyewitness Testimony ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Eyewitness Testimony ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Forgetting Curve Hermann Ebbinghaus first began to study forgetting using nonsense syllables Nonsense syllables are three letter combinations that look like words but are meaningless (ROH, KUF)
Forgetting Theories ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Forgetting as encoding failure ,[object Object],Encoding X Long-term memory Encoding failure leads to forgetting Short-term memory
Which is the real penny?
Answer
Encoding Failures ,[object Object]
Interference Theories ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Two Types of Interference Types of Interference Retroactive Interference Proactive Interference
Retroactive Interference ,[object Object],[object Object]
Retroactive Interference ,[object Object],F- French 101 Mid-term exam Study French papier livre plume école Study Spanish papel libro pluma escuela retroactive interference
Proactive Interference ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
Motivated Forgetting ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Decay Theories ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Average percentage of information retained 20 mins 1 hr 8 hrs 24 hrs 2 days 6 days 31 days Interval between original learning of nonsense syllables and memory test 100%
Decay Theories ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Biological Basis of Memory Karl Lashley searched for a localized memory trace or engram. Found that maze-learning in rats was distributed throughout the brain.
Biological Basis of Memory ,[object Object]
New Memories in a Snail ,[object Object]
Biological Basis of Memory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 

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Chapter 6 Lecture Disco 4e

  • 2. Stage Model of Memory
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  • 8. Short Term or Working Memory Working or Short-term Memory Sensory Input Sensory Memory Attention
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  • 31. Semantic Network Model Red Fire House Cherry Apple Rose Pear Ambulance Fire Engine Truck Bus Car Flower Violet Hot Pot Stove Pan Pie
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  • 41. Loftus Results Word Used in Question Average Speed Estimate smashed collided bumped hit contacted 41 m.p.h. 39 m.p.h. 38 m.p.h. 34 m.p.h. 32 m.p.h.
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  • 44. The Forgetting Curve Hermann Ebbinghaus first began to study forgetting using nonsense syllables Nonsense syllables are three letter combinations that look like words but are meaningless (ROH, KUF)
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  • 47. Which is the real penny?
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  • 51. Two Types of Interference Types of Interference Retroactive Interference Proactive Interference
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  • 58. Biological Basis of Memory Karl Lashley searched for a localized memory trace or engram. Found that maze-learning in rats was distributed throughout the brain.
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