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Eastwood
Eye Surgery
Dr Gagan Khannah
Ophthalmic Surgeon
Eastwood Eye Surgery
Macquarie University Hospital
Sydney Eye Hospital
PresMed Annual Optometrist Conference
10th March 2013
Femtosecond Laser Cataract
Surgery – Magic or Myth?
A Balanced View!
Laser Assisted
Cataract Surgery
• Individual steps of laser assisted
cataract surgery (LACS)
– Anterior capsulotomy
– Nuclear fragmentation
– Corneal incisions
• Hypothetical benefits
• Discuss the current evidence base
– very early days in adoption of LACS
– further discussion of clinical impression
Agenda
Does LACS:
• Improve precision and reproducibility?
• Improve safety?
• Improve refractive outcomes?
Questions
• Are the benefits statistically significant:
– Result unlikely to occur by chance
– Does not mean result is important or
meaningful
• Are the benefits clinically or practically
significant
• Is the benefit worth the extra time, cost
and effort
Assessing evidence for new
technology
• High resolution anterior segment
imaging coupled to femtosecond laser
• Anterior capsulotomy
• Nuclear fragmentation
• Corneal incisions (primary, secondary
and arcuate incisions)
Capabilities of LenSx laser
Anterior Capsulotomy
• Perform capsulotomy safely and
completely, resistant to tearing
• Central, circular and reproducible
– anteroposterior effective lens position
– lateral centration
– IOL calculations
• Predictably overlap IOL edge by 0.5mm
Anterior Capsulotomy
Anterior Capsulotomy
• Most striking feature of day 1 appearance
• Published evidence?
Anterior Capsulotomy
• Nagy
– 100% of
anterior
capsulotomies
within 0.25mm
vs 10% of
manual
Anterior Capsulotomy
• Tackman, Fried
man
– less deviation
from intended
diameter
– increased
circularity
Anterior Capsulotomy
• Zoltan Nagy
– Series of studies
– Less IOL tilt and decentration
– Better IOL-anterior capsule overlap
– Decreased higher order aberrations
• Clinical significance?
– No definite improved refractive result
(sphere, cylinder or unaided visual acuity)
– Longer term studies required
– Subgroup analysis required
Nuclear Fragmentation
• Effectively disassemble the nucleus
• Safety: protection of posterior capsule
• Safety: reduction in total phaco power
and protection of corneal endothelium
Femtosecond nuclear
fragmentation
• No reports of femtosecond laser direct
damage to posterior capsule
• Offset from posterior capsule on imaging
appears to be effective in preventing this
Nuclear fragmentation
- safety
• Reducing need to go deeper with phaco tip
may reduce risk of PC rupture
• 0.31% PC rupture rate lower than reported
incidence of 0.53% - 2.7% in manual surgery
Nuclear fragmentation
- safety
• Decreased total phaco energy confirmed to
statistically significant level in multiple studies
• Close to 50% reduction in both total phaco
energy and phaco time
• May reduce damage to
corneal endothelium
• May reduce potential for
inflammation and
corneal burns
Nuclear fragmentation
- safety
• Statistically significant reduction in phaco
energy in all grades of cataract
• No studies yet to confirm reduction in
endothelial cell loss. Further long term studies
required.
• May be particularly important in patients with
Fuch’s dystrophy
• Younger patients
Endothelial protection
Corneal incisions
Ability to
customise
reproducible, m
ultiplanar
corneal wounds
shown in
multiple studies
Corneal incisions
• Reproducible
wounds may allow
more consistent
surgically induced
astigmatism
• No large studies
published
at this stage
Corneal incisions
• Endophthalmitis a rare but devastating
complication
• Well constructed clear corneal wounds may
reduce the risk of endophthalmitis
• Difficult to study: incidence 0.13%
• A lot of data would be required to prove a
benefit in reducing endophthalmitis
Corneal incisions
Latest Results
• In this section, focus on objective current
data, not on our clinical impression
• Objective data already demonstrates
that LACS is no worse than manual
phaco
– Short learning curve
– Would not have been able to say this about move
from ECCE to phaco in first 12 months
– Took until 2001 for first large scale RCT proving
cost effectiveness of phaco vs ECCE
Conclusions
• New technology
– experience rising very rapidly
– 30,000 cases, almost all in the last 12 months
• Data demonstrating statistically significant
benefit in a number of areas
– at this stage relatively little definite clinically
significant data
– large number of studies currently underway
– longer term studies, eg endothelial cell loss
Conclusions
• Positive initial impressions, not
discouraged by:
– inability to immediately have clinically significant
evidence base
– new complications
– increases in cost
• As technology and techniques mature, history
suggests:
– complications decrease
– equipment costs reduce with widespread adoption
– outcomes and efficiencies improve
– Other technologies develop
Conclusions
Eastwood
Eye Surgery
Laser Refractive Cataract
Surgery
Provides Image –
guided, surgeon
control to perform:
– Anterior capsulotomy
– Lens fragmentation
– Corneal incisions
4 systems currently in
development
Eastwood
Eye Surgery
Laser Refractive Cataract
Surgery
Possible Advantages
– Automates steps of cataract surgery
– Improved corneal incisions & astigmatism
control
– Improved capsulotomy for effective lens
positioning
– Less phaco energy and endothelial cell loss
Eastwood
Eye Surgery
Laser Refractive Cataract
Surgery
Disadvantages
– Topical anaesthesia
– Cost
– Limitations
Small pupil
Corneal opacity
Dense cataract
Keratoconus
Eastwood
Eye Surgery
Laser Refractive Cataract
Surgery
Exciting technology and future is bright
Still in its infancy and benefits unclear
Requires better safety data & research
Costs must be addressed
Secondary advances may revolutionise
cataract surgery
Thank You

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Femtosecond Laser Cataract Surgery- Magic or Myth? A Balanced View

  • 1. Eastwood Eye Surgery Dr Gagan Khannah Ophthalmic Surgeon Eastwood Eye Surgery Macquarie University Hospital Sydney Eye Hospital PresMed Annual Optometrist Conference 10th March 2013 Femtosecond Laser Cataract Surgery – Magic or Myth? A Balanced View!
  • 3. • Individual steps of laser assisted cataract surgery (LACS) – Anterior capsulotomy – Nuclear fragmentation – Corneal incisions • Hypothetical benefits • Discuss the current evidence base – very early days in adoption of LACS – further discussion of clinical impression Agenda
  • 4. Does LACS: • Improve precision and reproducibility? • Improve safety? • Improve refractive outcomes? Questions
  • 5. • Are the benefits statistically significant: – Result unlikely to occur by chance – Does not mean result is important or meaningful • Are the benefits clinically or practically significant • Is the benefit worth the extra time, cost and effort Assessing evidence for new technology
  • 6. • High resolution anterior segment imaging coupled to femtosecond laser • Anterior capsulotomy • Nuclear fragmentation • Corneal incisions (primary, secondary and arcuate incisions) Capabilities of LenSx laser
  • 8. • Perform capsulotomy safely and completely, resistant to tearing • Central, circular and reproducible – anteroposterior effective lens position – lateral centration – IOL calculations • Predictably overlap IOL edge by 0.5mm Anterior Capsulotomy
  • 9. Anterior Capsulotomy • Most striking feature of day 1 appearance • Published evidence?
  • 10. Anterior Capsulotomy • Nagy – 100% of anterior capsulotomies within 0.25mm vs 10% of manual
  • 11. Anterior Capsulotomy • Tackman, Fried man – less deviation from intended diameter – increased circularity
  • 12. Anterior Capsulotomy • Zoltan Nagy – Series of studies – Less IOL tilt and decentration – Better IOL-anterior capsule overlap – Decreased higher order aberrations • Clinical significance? – No definite improved refractive result (sphere, cylinder or unaided visual acuity) – Longer term studies required – Subgroup analysis required
  • 14. • Effectively disassemble the nucleus • Safety: protection of posterior capsule • Safety: reduction in total phaco power and protection of corneal endothelium Femtosecond nuclear fragmentation
  • 15. • No reports of femtosecond laser direct damage to posterior capsule • Offset from posterior capsule on imaging appears to be effective in preventing this Nuclear fragmentation - safety
  • 16. • Reducing need to go deeper with phaco tip may reduce risk of PC rupture • 0.31% PC rupture rate lower than reported incidence of 0.53% - 2.7% in manual surgery Nuclear fragmentation - safety
  • 17. • Decreased total phaco energy confirmed to statistically significant level in multiple studies • Close to 50% reduction in both total phaco energy and phaco time • May reduce damage to corneal endothelium • May reduce potential for inflammation and corneal burns Nuclear fragmentation - safety
  • 18. • Statistically significant reduction in phaco energy in all grades of cataract • No studies yet to confirm reduction in endothelial cell loss. Further long term studies required. • May be particularly important in patients with Fuch’s dystrophy • Younger patients Endothelial protection
  • 20. Ability to customise reproducible, m ultiplanar corneal wounds shown in multiple studies Corneal incisions
  • 21. • Reproducible wounds may allow more consistent surgically induced astigmatism • No large studies published at this stage Corneal incisions
  • 22. • Endophthalmitis a rare but devastating complication • Well constructed clear corneal wounds may reduce the risk of endophthalmitis • Difficult to study: incidence 0.13% • A lot of data would be required to prove a benefit in reducing endophthalmitis Corneal incisions
  • 24. • In this section, focus on objective current data, not on our clinical impression • Objective data already demonstrates that LACS is no worse than manual phaco – Short learning curve – Would not have been able to say this about move from ECCE to phaco in first 12 months – Took until 2001 for first large scale RCT proving cost effectiveness of phaco vs ECCE Conclusions
  • 25. • New technology – experience rising very rapidly – 30,000 cases, almost all in the last 12 months • Data demonstrating statistically significant benefit in a number of areas – at this stage relatively little definite clinically significant data – large number of studies currently underway – longer term studies, eg endothelial cell loss Conclusions
  • 26. • Positive initial impressions, not discouraged by: – inability to immediately have clinically significant evidence base – new complications – increases in cost • As technology and techniques mature, history suggests: – complications decrease – equipment costs reduce with widespread adoption – outcomes and efficiencies improve – Other technologies develop Conclusions
  • 27. Eastwood Eye Surgery Laser Refractive Cataract Surgery Provides Image – guided, surgeon control to perform: – Anterior capsulotomy – Lens fragmentation – Corneal incisions 4 systems currently in development
  • 28. Eastwood Eye Surgery Laser Refractive Cataract Surgery Possible Advantages – Automates steps of cataract surgery – Improved corneal incisions & astigmatism control – Improved capsulotomy for effective lens positioning – Less phaco energy and endothelial cell loss
  • 29. Eastwood Eye Surgery Laser Refractive Cataract Surgery Disadvantages – Topical anaesthesia – Cost – Limitations Small pupil Corneal opacity Dense cataract Keratoconus
  • 30. Eastwood Eye Surgery Laser Refractive Cataract Surgery Exciting technology and future is bright Still in its infancy and benefits unclear Requires better safety data & research Costs must be addressed Secondary advances may revolutionise cataract surgery