Critical reasoning

Topics To Be Discussed

• Deductions

• Linear sequencing / Seating Arrangements

• Double line up

• Ordering

• Selections / Conditionality and Grouping

Topics To Be Discussed

• Family tree

• Codes

• Series

• Direction Sense

• Statement Logic

Introduction
Deduction means reducing two or more
statements into one.

Types:

•Reduce two statements into one

•Reduce more than two statements into one

 - DISTRIBUTED X - UNDISTRIBUTED

SUBJECT PREDICATE

UNIVERSAL √ X
AFFIRMATIVE
UNIVERSAL √ √
NEGATIVE
PARTICULAR X X
AFFIRMATIVE
PARTICULAR X √
NEGATIVE

Rules For Deductions
• Only three distinct terms.

• The middle term must be distributed at least once.

• Middle term should not come in the Conclusion.

• Two Particular, No Conclusion.

• Two Negative, No Conclusion.

• One Statement Particular, Conclusion Particular.

• One Statement Negative, Conclusion Negative.

Rules For Deductions

Stat. 1 All No Some All All Some

Stat. 2 All No Many Some No No

No No Some
Concl All Some No
concl concl , Not

Shortcuts

Stat. 1 UA UN PA PN UA UA UN

Stat. 2 UA UN PA PN PN PA PA

No
Con UA No Con No Con PN PA PN
Con

Problem 1

All clocks are fans.
Some fans are walls

Deduction
Answer:

No Conclusion

Problem 2

All shawls are carpets
No carpet is pullover.

Deduction
Answer:

No shawl is pullover (or)
No Pullover is Shawl

Problem 3

All tables are cars.
Some dusters are tables

Deduction
Answer:

Some dusters are cars (or)
Some cars are dusters

Problem 4

Some birds are hens
Some hens are trees

Problem 5

No scientist is teacher
Some teachers are researchers.

Deduction
Answer:

Some researchers are not scientists

Problem 6

All fingers are legs
Some legs are hands
All hands are ears

Deduction
Answer:

No conclusion

Problem 7

No shirt is pant.
No pant is a shoe.
All shoe are books.

Problem 8

No month is a year
All months are hours
Some hours are weeks

Problem 9

All huts are bungalows
Some bungalows are kitchens
All Kitchens are drawing Room

Problem 10

Shoes are socks
Shoes are laces
All laces are pages

Linear Sequencing / Seating
Arrangement

Introduction
• Linear fashion means arrangement in a row.
• Analyze the problem and arrange it.
• Find the direct condition and start to solve, because the
remaining conditions are based on the direct condition.
• No condition for the particular item, shows their is possibility
in answer.
• Draw a Shape which is given in the question and arrange them
according to the conditions given.

Arrangement
Answer:

1. a) H G KJ
2. b) J
3. b) G and L
4. e) J and L

Problem 1
A, B, C, D, E, F and G are sitting on a wall and
all of them are facing east. C is on the immediate right
of D. B is at an extreme end and has E as his neighbour.
G is between E and F. D is sitting third from the south
end.

1.Who is sitting to the right of E?

2.Name the person who should change places with C
such that he gets the third place from the north end?

Problem 1
3. Which of the following pairs of people are sitting at
the extreme ends?
a) AB b) AE c) CB d) FB
4. Immediately between which of the following pairs
of people is D sitting?
a) AC b) AF c) CE d) CF

Arrangement
Answer:

1. G
2. G
3. a) AB
4. d) CF

Problem 2
In the Olympic Games, the flags of six nations
were flown on the masts in the following way;
The flag of America was to the left of Indian
tricolour and to the right of the flag of France. The flag
of Australia was on the right of the Indian flag but was
to the left of the flag Japan, which was to the left of the
flag of china. Find the two flags which are in the centre.
a)India and Australia b) America and India
c) Japan and Australia d) America ad Australia

Arrangement
Answer:

a) India and Australia

Problem 3
In a car exhibition, seven cars of seven different
companies viz. Cardilac, Ambassador, Fiat, Maruti,
Mercedes, Bedford and Fargo were displayed in a row,
facing east such that:
1.Cardialc car was to the immediate right of Fargo.
2.Fargo was fourth to the right of Fiat
3.Maruti car was between Ambassador and Bedford
4.Fiat, which was third to the left of Ambassador car,
was at one of the ends.
Cont…

Problem 8
1. Which of the following was the correct position of
the Mercedes?
a) Immediate right of Fargo b) Immediate left of
Bedford c) Between Bedford and Fargo d) Fourth
to the right of Maruti
2. Which cars are on the immediate either sides of the
Cardilac car?

Arrangement
Answer:
1. Fourth to the right of Maruti
2. On either side of the Cardilac are the Fargo and the
Mercedes.

Problem 4
A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J are ten persons sitting in
waiting hall. J is sitting two table right of F, who is right
side of H. In between E and B two persons are sitting
where B is sitting left of G. In between E and J eight
persons are sitting.
C is sitting immediate right of E and left of B. G is
sitting four seats left of J. G and F have two persons in
between where one person is I. I is sitting immediate
right of G. H is sitting in seventh seat. Show the
arrangement possible.

Arrangement
Answer:

E C A/D B G I H F D/ A J

Problem 5
P,Q,R,S,T are 5 people who sit in a round table.

P sits two tables to the left of R and Q sits two tables to the
right of R.

1.If S is in between Q and R what is the arrangement?

2.How many different arrangements are possible?

3.If S is not sitting between Q and R then who is sitting
between Q and S?

Arrangement
Answer:

Either P is sitting when viewed anticlockwise or T
and R when viewed clockwise.

Problem 6
6 people A,B,C,D,E and F sit around a table for

dinner. Since A does not like C, he doesn't sit either

opposite or beside C. B and F always like to sit

opposite each other.

1. If A is beside F then who are the two neighbors of B?

2. If D is adjacent to F then who is adjacent to C?

Arrangement
Answer:

1. D and E

2. E and B (or) D and B

Problem 7
Six friends A, B, C, D, E and F are sitting along the sides of a
hexagonal table for playing a game, thought not necessarily in the
same order.

F, who is sitting exactly opposite of A, is to the immediate right
of B. D is between A and B and is exactly opposite to C.

1.A is sitting between whom?

2.Who is sitting opposite B?

Arrangement
Answer:

1. D and E
2. E

Problem 8
Mr. A, Miss B, Mr. C and Miss D are sitting around
a table and discussing their trades.
i) Mr. A sit opposite to cook
ii) Miss. B sits right to the barber
iii) The washer man is on the left of the tailor
iv) Miss. D sits opposite Mr. C.
1. What are the trades of A and B?
a) Tailor and Barber b) Tailor and Cook
c) Barber and Cook d) Washer man and Cook

Arrangement
Answer:

b) Tailor and Cook

Problem 9
Eight persons E, F, G, H, I, J, K and L are seated
around a square table – two on each side. There are
three lady members and they are not seated next to each
other. J is between L and F. G is between I and F.
H, a lady member, is second to the left of J. F, a
male member is seated opposite E, a lady member.
There is a lady member between E and H?
1.Who is seated between E and H?
2.How many persons are seated between K and F?
3.Who is sitting immediate left of F?
Cont…

Problem 9
4. Who among the following are the three lady
members?
a) E, G and J b) E, H and G c) G, H and J

5. Which of the following is true about J?
a) J is a male member b) J is a female member

Arrangement
Answer:
1. K
2. Three
3. J
4. E, H and G
5. J is a male member

Problem 10
Eight friends A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H are sitting
in a circle facing centre. B is sitting between G and D.
H is third to the left of B and second to the right of A. C
is sitting between A and G and B and E are not sitting
opposite to each other.
Which of the following statement is not correct?
a) C is third to the right of D b) A is sitting between C
and F c) E is sitting between F and D.

Arrangement
Answer:

1. c) E is sitting between F and D

Introduction

• Consists of at least two different variables.

• Form a table.

• More than one Question per passage.

• Check the Option for Elimination.

Problem 1
Five executives of European Corporation hold a
Conference in Rome

Mr. A converses in Spanish & Italian
Mr. B, a Spaniard, knows English also
Mr. C knows English and belongs to Italy
Mr. D converses in French and Spanish
Mr. E , a native of Italy knows French

Cont…

Problem 1
1. Who can act as interpreter if Mr. C & Mr. D wish to
converse
a) only Mr. A b) Only Mr. B
c) Mr. A & Mr. B d) Any of the other three

2. If a 6th executive is brought in, to be understood by
maximum number of original five he should be fluent
in
a) English & French b) Italian & Spanish
c) English & French d) French & Italian

Cont…

Double Lineup
Answer:

1. d) Any of the other three.
2. b) Italian & Spanish

Problem 2
Spelunkers International offers exploring tours in eight
caves: Abbott, Benny, Caeser, Dangerfield, Ewell,
Fields, Guinness and Hope.
(1) Class 1 spelunkers may not attempt cave Ewell, Fields
or Hope
(2) Class 2 spelunkers may not attempt Hope
(3) Class 3 spelunkers may attempt any cave
(4) Cave Caesar may be attempted only by spelunkers who
have previously explored cave Benny
(5) Cave Fields may be attempted only by spelunkers who
have previously explored cave Ewell
(6) Only two of the caves Benny, Caeser, Ewell, Fields,
and Hope may be attempted by any explorer in a single
tour. Cont…

Problem 2
1. A class 2 spelunker who has previously explored cave
Ewell may be restricted in choosing a tour by which
rule's?

(I) Rule(4) (II) Rule(5) (III) Rule(6)

(a) I only (b) II only (c) I and III only
(d) II and III only (e) I, II and III

Problem 2
2. In how many different ways may a class 1 spelunker
who has never explored any of the eight caves before
set up a tour of three caves, if she wishes to explore
caves Abbott and Caesar?

(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5 (e) 6

Double lineup
Answer:

1. c) I and III only
2. b) 3

Problem 3
There are six cities A, B, C, D, E and F.
A is not a hill station.
B and e are not historical places.
D is not an industrial city.
A and D are not historical cities.
A and B are not alike.
1. Which two cities are industrial centres?
a) A and B b) E and F c) C and D d) B and F

Problem 3
2. Which two cities are historical places?
a) A and C b) B and F c) C and F d) B and E

3. Which two cities are neither historical places nor
industrial centres?
a) A and B b) D and E c) F and C d) B and D
4. Which city is a hill station and an industrial centre
but not a historical place?
a) E b) F c) A d) B e) C

Double lineup
Answer:

1. b) E and F
2. c) C and F
3. d) B and D
4. a) E

Problem 4
Five friends P, Q, R, S and T traveled to five different
cities of Chennai, Delhi, Bangalore and Hyderabad by
five different modes of transport of Bus, Train, Aero
plane, Car and Boat from Mumbai.
i) The person who traveled to Delhi did not travel by
boat.
ii)R went to Bangalore by car and Q went to Calcutta by
aero plane.
iii)S traveled by boat whereas T traveled by Train.
iv)Mumbai is not connected by bus to Delhi and
Chennai.
Cont…

Problem 4
1. Which of the following combinations of person and
mode is not correct?
a) P – Bus b) R – car c) T – Aero plane d) S - Boat
2. Which of the following combinations is true for S?
a) Delhi – Bus b) Chennai- Bus c) Chennai - Boat
3. Who is that person traveled to Delhi?
4. The person went to Delhi traveled by?

Double lineup
Answer:
1. c) T – Aero plane
2. c) Chennai – Boat
3. T
4. Train

Problem 5
In a school, there were five teachers. A and B were
teaching Hindi and English. C and B were teaching
English and Geography. D and A were teaching
Mathematics and Hindi. E and B were teaching History
and French.
1.Who is teaching maximum number of Subjects?
2.More than two teachers were teaching which subjects?
3.Which subject were handle by D, B and A?

Double Lineup
Answer:
1. B
2. English and Hindi
3. Hindi

Problem 6
Six students A, B, C, D, E and F are sitting in the field.
A and B are from Nehru house while the rest belong
to Gandhi house. D and F are tall while the others
are short. A, C and D are wearing glasses while the
others are not.
1. Which of the two student, who are not wearing
glasses are short?
2. Which short student of Gandhi house is not wearing
glasses?
3. Which tall student of Gandhi house is not wearing
glasses?

Double Lineup
Answer:
1. B and E
2. E
3. F

Problem 7
Jayant, Kamal, Namita, Asha and Tanmay are five
members of a family. They have their birth dates from
January to May, each member in one of these months.
Each one likes one particular item for his/her
birthday out of Bengali sweets, Chocolates, Pastries,
Ice cream and Dry fruits.
The one who likes Pastries is born in the month
which is exactly middle in the months given. Asha does
not like Ice cream but brings Chocolates for Jayant in
February. Tanmay who is fond of Bengali sweets is
born the next month immediately after Namita. Namita
does not like Dry fruits or Ice cream. Cont…

Problem 7
1. What is the choice of Asha?
2. Which combination of month and item is true for
Jayant?
3. What is the choice of Kamal?
4. In which month was Kamal born?

Double Lineup
Answer:
1. Dry fruits
2. February – Chocolates
3. Ice cream
4. January or May

Problem 8
In a group of six women, there are four dancers,
four vocal musicians, one actress and three violinists.
Girija and Vanaja are among the violinists while Jalaja
and Shailja do not know how to play on the violin.
Shailja and Tanuja are among the dancers. Jalaja,
Vanaja, Shailja and Tanuja are all vocal musicians and
two of them are also violinists. If pooja is an actress,
who among the following is both a dancer and a
violinist?
a) Jalaja b) Shailja c) Tanuja d) Pooja

Double Lineup
Answer:

C) Tanuja

Problem 9
There are six friends A, B, C, D, E and F. each
one is proficient in one of the games, namely
Badminton, Volleyball, Cricket, Hockey, Tennis and
polo. Each owns a different colored car, namely yellow,
green, black, white, blue and red. D plays polo and
owns a yellow colored car. C does not play either
Tennis or Hockey and owns neither blue nor yellow
colored car. E owns a white car and plays Badminton. B
does not play Tennis, he owns a red colored car. A plays
Cricket and owns a black car.

Problem 9
1. Who plays volleyball?
2. Which colored car F owns?
3. Which of the following combinations of color of car
and game played is not correct?
a) Yellow – Polo b) Green – Tennis
c) Black – Cricket d) Red – Hockey

Double lineup
Answer:

1. C
2. Blue
3. b) Green - Tennis

Problem 10
P, Q, R, S, T and U are six students procuring
their Master‟s degree in six different subjects – English,
History, Philosophy, Physics, Statistics and
Mathematics.
Two of them stay in hostel, two stay as paying
guest (PG) and remaining two stay at their home. R
does not stay as PG and studies philosophy.
The students staying Statistics and History do not
stay as PG. T studies Mathematics and S studies
Physics. U and S stay in hostel. T stay as PG and Q
stays at home.
Cont…

Problem 10
1. Who studies English?
2. Which of the following combinations of subject and
place of stay is not correct?
a) English – Hostel b) Mathematics – PG
c) Philosophy – Home d) Physics - Hostel
3. Which subject does Q study?
4. Which of the following pairs of students stay at
home?
a) PQ b) QR c) RS d) ST

Double Lineup
Answer:
1. P
2. a) English – Hostel
3. History or Statistics
4. b) QR

Types
• Ordering
Questions Related to the rank
• Elimination
Questions related to the extremes

 More than one Variable use ordering .
 Only one variable use elimination or ordering.

Problem 1
There are six steps that lead from the first to the second
floor. No two people can be on the same step. Mr. A is
two steps below Mr. C. Mr. B is a step next to Mr. D
Only one step is vacant (No one standing on that step)
Denote the first step by step 1 and second
step by step 2etc.

Cont….

Problem 1
1. If Mr. A is on the first step, Which of the following is
true?
(a) Mr. B is on the second step
(b) Mr. C is on the fourth step.
(c) A person Mr. E, could be on the third step
(d) Mr. D is on higher step than Mr. C.

2. If Mr. E was on the third step & Mr. B was on a
higher step than Mr. E which step must be vacant
(a) step 1 (b) step 2 (c) step 4 (d) step 5 e) step 6

Problem 1
3. If Mr. B was on step 1, which step could A be on?
(a) 2&e only (b) 3&5 only (c) 3&4 only
(d) 4&5 only (e) 2&4 only

4. If there were two steps between the step that A was
standing and the step that B was standing on, and A
was on a higher step than D , A must be on step
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5 (e) 6

Cont…

Ordering
Answer:

1. (d) Mr. D is on higher step than Mr. C.
2. (a) step 1
3. (c) 3&4 only
4. (c) 4

Problem 2
A series of drama is to be arranged on all the five days
of the week Monday to Friday. Drama contains Fiction,
Romance, Horror, Comedy And Tragedy. Horror cannot
immediately precede Romance, Fiction should be
scheduled earlier than Romance, Comedy should come
after tragedy. If Horror is arranged on Friday then what
should be the sequence of the dramas.

Ordering
Answer:

Fiction, Romance, Tragedy, Comedy , Horror

Problem 3
Miss Dean wants to renovate her house. She hires a
plumber, a carpenter, a painter, an electrician and an
interior decorator. The work is to be finished in one
stretch (Monday-Friday). Each worker will take full day
to do his job. Miss Dean permits only one person to
work each day.
I. The painter can work only after the plumber and the
carpenter have finished their jobs
II. The interior decorator must do his job before the
electrician.
III. The carpenter cannot work on Monday or
Tuesday Cont…

Problem 8
1. If the painter work on Thursday, which one of the
following alternatives is possible?
(a) The electrician works on Tuesday.
(b) The electrician works on Friday.
(c) The interior decorator works after the painter does.
(d) The painter works on consecutive days.
(e) Miss Dean cannot fit all of the workers in the
schedule
Cont…

Problem 3
2. If the painter works on Friday which of the following
must be false?
(a) The carpenter may work on Wednesday
(b) The carpenter and the electrician may work on
consecutive days
(c) If the carpenter works on Thursday, the electrician
has to work on Wednesday
(d) The plumber may work before the electrician does
(e) The electrician may work on Tuesday

Ordering
Answer:

1.(b). The electrician works on Friday.

2.(c). If the carpenter works on Thursday, the electrician
has to work on Wednesday

Problem 4
The cricket ball is lighter than the hockey ball, and the

volleyball is lighter than the football. The hockey ball is

lighter than the football but heavier than the tennis ball.

Which is the heaviest?

Ordering
Answer:

Football

Problem 5
Six students A, B, C, D, E, and F participated in a self-
evaluation test of Quants and Data Interpretation
(D.I). The total marks of A in Quants was just above
C and in D.I. just above F.
B was just above C in D.I. but he scored less than D in
Quants. F got more marks than D and E in D.I. but
did not perform as well in Quants as D.I. No one is
in between C and D in Quants and C and A in D.I.
1. Who got the highest marks in D.I.?
2. Who was just below D in Quants?

Ordering

Answer:

1. B
2. Data Inadequate

Problem 6
Six plays A, B, C, D, E and F are to be staged, one on
each day from Monday to Saturday. The schedule of the
plays is to be in accordance with the following.
i) A must be staged a day before E.
ii) C must not be stages on Tuesday
iii) B must be staged on the day following the day on
which F is staged.
iv) D must be staged on Friday only and should not be
immediately preceded by B.
v) E must not be staged on the last day of the schedule.
Cont…

Problem 6
1. Which of the following plays immediately follows
B?
a) A b) C c) D d) E e) F
2. Which of the following plays is on Monday?
a) E b) F c) C d) B e) A
3. Play D is between which of the following pairs of
plays?
a) B and E b) E and F c) A and E d) E and C e) C
and F

Ordering
Answer:

a) A
b) F
d) E and C

Problem 7
At the end of a cricket series, when five players were
arranged in the ascending order of runs scored by them,
O was fourth while N was first. When they were
arranged in descending order for wickets taken by them,
K replaces O while O replaces L. M‟s position remains
uncharged. K has scored more runs than M. L is having
first rank in one ranking and fifth in another.
1.Who has scored the highest runs in the series?
2.Who has taken the lowest number of wickets?

Ordering
Answer:

1. L
2. O

Problem 8
A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H are eight friends. Three of
them play cricket and table tennis and two of them
play football. Each one of them has a different
height.
The tallest does not play football and the shortest does
not play cricket.
F is taller than A and D but Shorter than H and B. E
who does not play cricket, is taller than B and is
second to the tallest. G is shorter than D but taller
than A. H, who is fourth from top, plays table tennis
with D. G does not play either cricket or football. B
does not play football.
Cont…

Problem 8

1. Who is the tallest?
2. Who is the Shortest?
3. What is F‟s position from the top when they are
arranged in descending order of their height?
4. Which of the following group of friends play
cricket?
a) CAE b) CBF c) CBA d) None of these

Ordering
Answer:

1. C
2. A
3. Fifth
4. b) CBF

Problem 9
i) A, B, C, D, E and F are six students in a class
ii) B and C are shorter than F but heavier than A
iii) D is heavier than B and taller than C
iv) E is shorter than D but taller than F
v) F is heavier than D
vi) A is shorter than E but taller than F.

1. Who is the tallest?
2. Who is third from the top when they are arranged in
descending order of height?
Cont…

Problem 9
3. Who among them is the lightest?
4. Which of the following groups of friends is shorter
than A?
a) B, C only b) D, B, C only c) E, B, C only d) F,
B, C only e) None of these

Ordering
Answer:

1. D
2. A
3. Data inadequate
4. F, B, C only

Problem 10
A sales representative plans to visit each of six
companies M, N, P, Q, R and S exactly once during the
course of one day. She is setting up her schedule for the
day according to the following conditions.
i)She must visit M before N and R.
ii)She must visit N before Q
iii)The third company she visits must be P.
1.If the sales representative visits S first, which
company must she visit second?
Cont…

Problem 10
2. The sales representative could visit any of the
following companies immediately after P except:
a) S b) R c) Q d) N e) M
3. Find the order in which the sales representative visits
the six companies?
4. If sales representative visits Q immediately before R
and immediately after S, she must visit Q:
a) First b) second c) fourth d) fifth e) sixth

Ordering
Answer:
1. M
2. e) M
3. M, S, P, N, R, Q
4. d) fifth

Selections / Conditionality And
Grouping

Introduction
• Selecting a part out of whole.
• Infer from the statements without Assumptions
• Apply condition and select,
• Conditions are given based on which the
action takes place.
• There are four basic conditions. Based on them
the decisions are made.
• Based on this conditions the groups are
formed.

Conditions
• If A occurs then B also will occur

• If A occurs then B will not occur

• If A has not occurred then B will occur

• If A has not occurred then B also will not occur

Problem 6
From a group of six boys M, N, O, P, Q, R and
five girls G, H, I, J, K a team of six is to be selected.
Some of the criteria of selection are as follows:
M and J go together
O cannot be placed with N
I cannot go with J
N goes with H
P and Q have to be together
K and R go together
Cont…

Problem 1
1. If the team consists of two girls and I is one of them,
the other members are?
a) GMRPQ b) HNOPQ c) KOPQR d) KRMNP
2. If four members are boys, which of the following
cannot constitute the team?
a) GJMOPQ b) HJMNPQ c) JKMNOR d) JKMPQR
3. If the team has three girls including J and K, the
members of the team are?
a) GHNR b) MNOG c) MORG d) NHOR

Grouping
Answer:
1. c) KOPQR
2. c) JKMNOR
3. c) MORG

Problem 2
Final year students plan to go for project which consist
of 5 members ( 3 from A group and 2 from B
group) based on the condition. There are two
groups, group A consist of 6 members M N O P
Q R and group B consist of 5 members V W X Y
Z. conditions for selection are,
i) M does not come , Z & O should come
ii) X and Y remains together
iii) R and V cannot go together
iv) N is always go with Z
v) Q always go with W Cont….

Problem 2
vi) O can go with V
vii) O and P are together

1. If M is not there in the team, the team consist of?
2. If Q is there, who cannot be there in that team?
a) X & Y b) R & V c) V & W

Grouping
Answer:
1. OPNZV
2. a) X & Y

Problem 3
From a group of 6 boys A,B,C,D,E,F and 5 girls
L,M,N,O,P a group of 6 is to be selected based on the
following conditions:

1.O and P have to be together
2.C cannot go with O
3.A and D have to be together
4.D cannot go with L
5.C and M have to be together
6.Band N have to be together
7.B and E cannot be together
Contd..

Problem 3
1. If the team consists of four girls the members of the
team are:

i) BELNOP ii) EFLNOP iii) BFLNOP

2. If the team consist of 5 boys and 1 girl that girl
would be:

i) L ii) M iii) N iv) O

Grouping
Answer:

• D and A cannot be there. So (iii)BFLNOP

• If B is selected, you cannot select E, without E you
cannot form 5 boys team. So reject B, then you have
A, C, D, E, F. If C is selected M will be there in that
team. ii) M.

Problem 4
Coach balkishan is trying to put together a team of four
players for a tennis tournament. He has seven players
available: males A, B, C and females M,N, O and P. All
players are of equal ability, and there must be at least
two males in the team. For a team of four, all players
must be able to play with each other player.

Cont…

Problem 4
Player B cannot play with player M, player C cannot
play with player P, player M cannot play with player O.

1.If player O is selected and player B is rejected, the
team will consist of which foursome?

2.If player M is in the team, which other players must
be in the team as well?

Grouping
Answer:

1. A, C, O and N.

2. A, C and N.

Problem 5
From amongst 5 boys P, Q, R, S,T and 4 girls A, B, C,
D a team of five should be selected. Conditions given:

a)P and S are to remain together.
b)Q cannot remain together with B or C
c)R and A have to remain together.
d)T cannot remain with A or D.

Cont…

Problem 5
1. If Q is selected, then the other members are?
a) APRS b) ADRS c) BCPT d) ABCDR
2. If three members are girls the team is?
a) ABCRT b) ACDRS c) BCDRS d) BCDPS
3. If the four members are to be boys and one member
is A, then the remaining members of the team are?

Grouping
Answer:

1. a) APRS
2. d) BCDPS
3. PQRS

Problem 6
2 collectors, Frank and Gloria are each selecting a group
of three wildlife prints from a group of 7 prints T, U, V,
W, X, Y and Z. No print can be in both groups. The
selections made by Frank and Gloria are subject to the
following restrictions.

a)If U is in Frank‟s group, W must be in Gloria‟s group
b)If X is in Frank‟s group, Z must be in Gloria‟s group.
c)T and Z cannot be in the same group.
d)W and Y cannot be in the same group.
Cont…

Problem 6
1. If X is in Frank‟s group, of the following could be in
Gloria‟s group except
a) T b) U c) V d) W e) Z
2. Which of the following pairs of groups selected by Frank
and Gloria conform to the restrictions?
a) Fr – TUV Gl - WXY b) Fr - TUZ Gl – VWX
c) Fr – UXZ Gl – TWY d) Fr – VWX Gl – UYZ
3. If U is in Frank‟s group, which of the following is true?
a) T must be in Frank‟s group
b) Y must be in Frank‟s group
c) Y cannot be in Frank‟s group

Grouping
Answer:

1. a) T

2. d) Fl – VWX Gl – UYZ

3. b) Y must be in Frank‟s group.

Problem 12
Mr. Pict must accommodate seven tour group
passengers in two four – person cabins on the S.S.
Gallia. Each passenger in a cabin must be able to
converse with at least one passenger, though not
necessarily in the same language
•A, an Etruscan, also speaks Gothic and Hittite
•B and F are Hittites and speak only that language
•C, an Etruscan also speaks Gothic
•D and G are Goths and speak only Gothic
•E, an Etruscan also speaks Hittite
•Hittites refuse to share rooms with Goths
Cont…

Problem 7
1. Which combinations of passengers in one of the
cabins will result in a rooming arrangement that
satisfies all conditions for both cabins?
a. B, C, F b. D, E, G c. C, D, E, G
d. B, D, F, G
2. How many different combinations of cabin mates
satisfy all conditions?
a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5 e. 6

Grouping
Answer:

1. c. C, D, E, G
2. a. 2

Problem 8
From amongst six boys A, B, C, D, E and F and five
girls P, Q, R, S and T, a team of six is to be selected
under the following conditions:
i) A and D have to be together.
ii) C cannot go with S.
iii) S and T have to be together.
iv) B cannot be teamed with E.
v) D cannot go with P.
vi) B and R have to be together.
vii) C and Q have to be together.
Cont….

Problem 8
1. If there be five boys in the team, the lone girl
member is?
2. If including P, the team has three girls, the member
are?
3. If four members have to be girls, the members of the
team are?
4. If the team including C consist of four boys, the
members of the team other than C are?

Grouping
Answer:
1. Q
2. B C F Q R
3. B F P R S T
4. A B D Q R

Problem 14
There are five men A, B, C, D and E and six women P,
Q, R, S, T and U. A, B and R are advocates; C, D,
P, Q and S are doctors and the rest are teachers.
Some teams are to be selected from amongst these
eleven persons subject to the following conditions;
i) A, P and U have to be together
ii) B cannot go with D or R.
iii) E and Q have to be together
iv) C and T have to be together
v) D and P cannot go together
vi) C cannot go with Q. Cont…

Problem 9
1. If the team is to consist of two male advocates, two
lady doctors and one teacher, the members of the
team are?
2. If the team is to consist of one advocate, two
doctors, three teachers and C may not go with T, the
members of the team are?
a) A E P Q S U b) A E P Q T U c) B E Q S T U
3. If the team is to consist of one advocate, three
doctors and one male teacher, the member of the
team are?

Grouping
Answer:

1. A B P U S
2. b) A E P Q T U
3. D E Q R S

Problem 10
Company plan to do a new project which is consist of 2
engineers, 3 managers and 1 executives from 4
engineers ( A B C D), 5 managers ( P Q R S T ), 3
executive ( X Y Z).
i)Engineer A does not work with P and X
ii)Manager S and Executive Y work together
iii)Engineer B does not work with manager T
iv)Manager Q does not work with manager S
v)R does not work with Z, X works with Q
vi)B and D remains together
vii)D does not work with Q and T Cont….

Problem 10

1. State the possibilities of forming team?

2. Who must be there in the team what
ever may be the possibilities?

Grouping
Answer:

1. i) A C R S T Y ii) B D P R S Y

2. R, S & Y

Introduction

• Hierarchical structure of a family.

• It is called as Blood relations problems.

• Identify genders by different notation.

Problem 1

A man shows his friend a woman sitting in a park and

says “She is the daughter of my grandmother's only

son”. What is the relation between the two members?

(Infosys)

Family Tree / Blood Relations

Answer:

Man and Woman are Brother and Sister

Problem 2

Ram is the brother of shyam and Mahesh is the father of

Ram. Jagat is the brother of Priya and Priya is the

daughter of Shaym. Who is the uncle of Jagat?


Answer:

Ram

Problem 3
A, B, C, D, E and F is a group of six persons of a

family. The number of gents is the same as the number

of ladies. A and E are sons of F. D is the mother of Two

children of whom one is a boy and the other is a girl. B

is the son of A. in this group there is only one pair of

married persons.

Problem 3
1. Find females in the family?

2. Who is the uncle of C?

3. Who is the husband of D?

4. Who are all the children of D?

5. Who is the grand daughter of F?

Answer:

1.CDF
2. E
3. A
4. BC
5. C.

Problem 4
A family consists of five members A, B, C, D and E. E
has two sons and unmarried daughter and a daughter –
in – law. The daughter in law is an officer and her
brother in law A is an engineer. C is a doctor. The sister
of B is a violinist who has learned to play violin from
B‟s wife?

Who is the daughter of E?
How is A related to D?
Who is the wife of B?


Answer:

1. C

2. A is the brother in law of D

3. D.

Problem 5

Looking at a portrait of a man, Harsh said,
“His mother is the wife of my father‟s son.
Brothers and sisters I have none”. At whose
portrait was Harsh looking?

Answer:

His Son

Problem 6

Rahul told Anand, „Yesterday I defeated
the only brother of the daughter of my
grandmother‟. Whom did Rahul defeat?

Answer:

Father

Problem 7

Deepak said to Nitin, “that boy playing
with the football is the younger of the two
brothers of the daughter of my father‟s
wife”. How is the boy playing football
related to Deepak?

Answer:

Brother

Problem 8

Neelam, who is Deepak‟s daughter, says to
Deepika, “your mother Rekha is the
younger sister of my father who is the third
child of Ramlal”. How is Ramlal related to
Deepika?

Answer:

Grandfather

Problem 9
A is the son of B. C, B‟s sister has a son D
and a daughter E. F is the maternal uncle of
D.
1.How is A related to D?
2.How is E related to F?
3.How many nephews does F have?

Answer:

1. Cousin
2. Niece
3. Two (A&D)

Problem 10

Shobha is the niece of Ashish. Ashish‟s
mother is Priya. Kamala is Priya‟s mother.
Kamala‟s husband is Hari. Krishna is the
mother – in – law of Hari. How is Shobha
related to Hari?

Answer:

Great Granddaughter

Introduction
• Codes may be numerical or alphabets.

• To decode – find the format of arrangement.

• The arrangement can be any one of the following

1. Reversed order

2. Gaps in between

3. +1and-1 format

4. Tree format

Codes
Answer:

SNOW can be coded as QLMU.

Problem 1
If the word "CODING" is represented as

DPEJOH , then the word "CURFEW" can

be represented?

(MBT)

Codes
Answer:

dvsgfx

Problem 2

If "segment" is coded as rffndou, what is
the code for “ritual”.

(Wipro)

Codes
Answer

QJSVZM

Problem 3

? : BGLQ : : YDIN : VAFK (Wipro)

Problem 4
In a certain code each letter is coded as
A = D, B=E, C=F

What is the code for SHOOT?

(BAAN)

Codes
Answer:

VKRRW

Problem 5

If DBMDVUUB = CALCUTTA Then
BOMBAY = ?

(BAAN)

Codes
Answer:

ANLAZX

Problem 6

In a certain code, TRIPPLE is written as

SQHOOKD. How DISPOSE can be written

in that code?

Codes

Answer:

CHRONRD

Problem 7

If the word PEARL is written as MBXOI,

then how the word DIAMOND would be

written in that code?

Codes

Answer:

AFXJLKA

Problem 8

In a certain code, SOLVED is written
as LOSVDE. How WEIGHT will be
written in that code?

Codes

Answer:

IEWGTH

Problem 9

If in a language INDIA is coded as

JMEHB then in that language

SOURAV will be coded as ?

Codes

Answer:

TNVQBU

Problem 10

In a certain code DUPLICATE is
written as MRVFJFVBE. How is
CARTOUCHE written in that code?

Codes

Answer:

UTBEPFJDW

Problem 1

If in a certain code "RANGE" is coded as 12345

and "RANDOM" is coded as 123678, then the

code for the word "MANGO" would be?

(MBT & Wipro)

Number Coding

Answer:

82347

Problem 2
If the word FADENCOMT equals
345687921 then

1. What is FEAT?

2. Find representation of 2998?

(Wipro)

Number Coding
Answer:

1. 3641

2. MOON

Problem 3

If Raman is written as 12345 and Dinesh

as 675894, how will Mahaan be written?

Number Coding
Answer:

324225

Problem 4

If H = 8, HE = 13, then “Hen” will be
equal to?

Number Coding
Answer :

HEN = 27

Problem 5

If “Rose” is coded as 6821, “Chair” is
coded as 73456 and “Preach” is coded
as 961473, what will be the code for
“search” ?

Number Coding

Answer:

214673

Problem 6

In certain code RAIL is written as
5796 and TAPE is written as 3748.
how is PAIR written in that code?

Number Coding

Answer:

4795

Problem 7

In a certain code language, GRAPE is
written as 27354 and FOUR is written
as 1687. How is GROUP written in
that code?

Number Coding

Answer:

27685

Problem 8

If FEED is coded as 4, what will be the

code for BREAD?

Number Coding

Answer:

30/5 = 6

Problem 9

If MACHINE is coded as 19-7-9-14-
15-20-11, how will you code
DANGER?

Number Coding

Answer:

10 -7-20-13-11-24

Problem 10

If MASTER is coded as 411259, then

POWDER will be coded as?

Number Coding

Answer:
A=1, B=2, C=3, D=4, E=5, F=6, G=7,
H=7, I=9, J=1, K=2, L=3, M=4, N=5,
O=6, P=7, Q=8, R=9, S=1…

765459

Introduction
• Series involves the numbers or alphabetic, that are
arranged in a particular sequence.

• The sequence can be any of the following;
1.ascending
2.descending
3.gap
4.squares and cubes
5.+/- order series

Problem 1

5, 20, 24, 6, 2, 8, __

(Infosys)

Series
Answer:

12
(5*4=20, 20+4=24, 24/4=6, 6-4=2, 2*4=8,
8+4=12).

Problem 2

0, 2, 3, 5, 8, 10, 15, 17, 24, 26,__

(MBT)

Problem 3

___, ayw, gec, mki, sqo

(MBT)

Problem 4

2, 5, 9, 19, 37,__

(MBT)

Problem 5

4, 11, 30, 67, __

(TCS)

Series

Answer:

128

Problem 6

4832, 5840, 6848……

Series

Answer:
Add 1008
= 6848 + 1008
= 7856

Problem 7

Find the number which is not matched
properly in the above series?

1, 3, 5, 10, 17, 26…..
a) 10 b) 17 c) 3 d) 26

Series
Answer:

C) 3

Problem 8

13, 32, 24,43,35, ?, 46, 65

Series

Answer:
13, 24, 35, 46….( added with 11)
32, 43, 54, 65…..( added with 11)
= 54

Problem 9

8, 9, 8, 7, 10, 9, 6, 11, 10, ?, 12….

Series

Answer:

8 9 8
7 10 9
6 11 10
? 12 = 5 ( add 1 in each)

Problem 10

2/ √5, 3/5, 4/5√5…..

Introduction
• This gives the path followed to reach the required
destination.
• The basic thing necessary here is the
NORTH,SOUTH,EAST,WEST directions to find the
path.

N

W E

S

Problem 1

A man walks east and turns right and then

from there to his left and then 45 degrees to

his right. In which direction did he go?

(Infosys)

Direction Sense
Answer:

North west

Problem 2

A person travels 6km towards west, then

travels 5km towards north, then finally

travels 6km towards west. Where is he with

respect to his starting position?

Direction Sense

Answer:

13km northwest

Problem 3

A starts from his office and walks 3 km towards north.

He then turns right and walks 2km and then turns right

and walks 5km then turns right and walks 2 km and then

again turns right and walks 2 km. In which direction is

he from the starting point?

Direction Sense
Answer:

South

Problem 4

A‟s office is situated 5 km North from B‟s office. B

starts from his office and walks 2 km towards A‟s

office. He then turns right and walks 3 km and then

turns left and walks 3 km. To which direction will he

turn to reach A‟s office?

Direction Sense

Answer:

West Direction

Problem 5

Pradeep walks 10 metres westward, then turns left and

walks 10 mtrs. He then again turns left and walks 10

mtrs. He takes a 45 degree turn rightwards and walks

straight. In which direction is he walking now?

Direction Sense

Answer:

West

Problem 6

I am facing east. I turn 100 degree in the

clockwise direction and then 145 degree in the

anticlockwise direction. Which direction am I

facing now?

Direction Sense

Answer:

North - East

Problem 7

Radha moves towards South east a distance of 7 m, then
she moves towards west and travels a distance of 14 m.
From here, she moves towards North west a distance of
7 m and finally she moves a distance of 4 m towards
East and stood at that point. How far is the starting point
from where she stood?

Direction Sense

Answer:

= 10 metres

Problem 8
One evening before sunset two friends

Sumit and Mohit were talking to each

other face to face. If Mohit‟s shadow

was exactly to his right side, which

direction was sumit facing?

Direction Sense

Answer:

South

Problem 9

If south – east becomes North, North –

east becomes West and so on, what

will West become?

Direction Sense

Answer:

South - east

Problem 10

Lokesh‟s school bus is facing North when it reaches his
school. After starting from Lokesh‟s house, it turns right
twice and then left before reaching the school. What
direction was the bus facing when it left the bus stop in
front of Lokesh‟s house?

Statement logics
Analysis and interpretation of data in the statements
are necessary

This helps in inferring the answers
Types:
1) Conclusions
2) Assumptions
3) Arguments

Statement-Conclusions
In question has a statement and two conclusions.
Analyse the conclusions and give answers.

a) if conclusion 1 follows
b) if conclusion 2 follows
c) if neither 1 nor 2 follows.
d) both 1 and 2 follows

Example 1
Statement: Quality has a price tag. India is allocating lot
of funds for education

Conclusions:

1)Quality of education in India would improve soon

2) Funding alone can enhance Quality of education

Example 2
Statement: No new taxes are proposed in the revised
budget.

Conclusions:

1)The country has a balanced economy.

2) The country has a surplus

Example 3
Statement: No country is self-sufficient in absolute
terms in the present era.

Conclusions:

1) It is not possible to grow and produce all the things
that a country needs.

2) Efficiency of people has decreased worldwide.

Example 4
Creating employment opportunities is the best way to
make people out of poverty in India.

Conclusions:

1)Unemployment is a cause of poverty in India

2) Employment opportunities are few and far in India

Example 5
It cannot be done

Conclusions:

1) It is impossible

2) We can do nothing

Statement- Arguments
Each questions given below has 1 statement and two
arguments.we should decide which of the arguments is
strong

Give answer:
a)If only 1 is strong
b)If only 2 is strong
c)If neither 1 or 2 is strong
d)If both 1 and 2 is strong

Example 1
Should Private sector be permitted to operate
telephone services?

Arguments:

1)Yes, they are operated in advanced western
countries

2) No, It is risky to put them in private hands

Example 2
Should the political parties be banned?

Arguments:

1) Yes, it is necessary to teach a lesson to the
politicians

2) No, it will lead to an end of democracy

Example 3
Traditional culture is better than the new culture.

Arguments:

1) Both have their good points as well as weak
points.

2) The new culture is ruining society.

Example 4
Every institution should be state – owned.

Arguments:

1) It will kill private enthusiasm.

2) People will not be serious to work hard.

Example 5
Should there be one government for the whole
world?
Arguments:

1) Yes, it will lead to a better control of wars in
the world.

2) No, because the weaker nations will be
devoured by the strong nations.

Statement- Assumptions
Each question contains 1 statement and 2
assumptions. Check the data and answer.

Give answer:

a) If only 1 implicit
b) If only 2 implicit
c) Both 1 and 2 implicit
d) Neither 1 nor 2 implicit

Example 1
Statement: The pen is mightier than the sword

Assumptions:

1) The pen is made up of stronger metal than the
sword
2) The power of the mind is much stronger than
brute physical power

Example 2
Statement: Go and get the file, an officer orders
his subordinate

Assumptions:

1) The file is confidential
2) The subordinate knows where the file is

Example 3
Statement: One can't get to the top overnight.
Perseverance and patience are required.

Assumptions:

1) People aim to get to the top.
2) Sustained efforts can get one to the top.

Example 4
Statement: If you are beautiful we will catch
your beauty. If you are not beautiful, we will
make you look beautiful.
-Advertisement of a photo- studio
Assumptions:

1) People like to be considered beautiful.
2) A photograph can make one look beautiful
even if the person is not so.

Example 5
Statement: Happiness is to be shared. Unhappy people
suffer.

Assumptions:

1) Unhappy people share sufferings.
2) Happy people do not suffer.

Critical reasoning

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