The document analyzes and compares child sex ratios in Indian states based on 2001 and 1991 census data. It finds that the average child sex ratio was higher in rural versus urban areas in 2001. Additionally, the child sex ratio significantly decreased from 1991 to 2001 across all states. Various statistical analyses were performed, including calculating means, ranges, and frequency distributions to analyze trends in the data.

1. Submitted By:-
Pranay Panday-08030122107
Kushal Jain-08030122111
Abdullah Mohammad-08030122104

2. A comparative study and data analysis of child sex ratio of
various Indian states according to the 1991 census and 2001
the census.

3. Child sex ratio is defined as the number of females per thousand males in human population
between age group 0-6 years.
The term is similar to sex ratio but limited by age group factor. This assignment deals with the
study of child sex ratios of respective Indian states based on:
1. 2001 urban child sex ratio
2. 2001 rural child sex ratio
3. 2001 total (urban + rural) child sex ratio
4. 1991 total (urban + rural) child sex ratio
Misuse of advanced prenatal diagnostic techniques has led to sex selection with the widespread
termination of female foetuses , contributing to a rapidly declining girl to boy child sex ratio.
With a higher level of access to such techniques, some of the wealthiest states in India have the
worst child sex ratios. Unless urgent action is taken across all sectors to reverse this trend, to
eliminate gender discrimination and restore a balanced population, the social repercussions for
future generations could be devastating

4. The information was collected from www.unicef.org the official website of the
United Nations Children’s organization for the respective Indian states for 2001 census rural
areas,2001 census urban areas,2001 census total (rural + urban),1991 census total (rural +
urban).
Largest & Smallest observations were determined using the max and min function of
Microsoft Excel, and thus range was calculated for all the four datasets respectively.
Class width was calculated using range and number of observations (Class Width = Range /
Number of Observations) respectively for each dataset.
After the determination of class width and range a continuous frequency distribution was
prepared for each of the datasets respectively along with the less then cumulative frequency ,
fx and fx^2.
Once the frequency distribution table was made, the histogram was made using the in-built
table function of Microsoft Excel.
Other results such as variance, mean, median, mode etc. were calculated by creating user
defined formulas based on the actual statistical formulas.

5. T-ANALYSIS
Aim: To check whether the 1991 total child sex ratio and 2001 total child sex ratio follow which hypothesis
among the following two hypothesis:
Null hypothesis:
Ho there is no change in the child sex ratio from 1991 to 2001
Vs.
Alternative hypothesis:
Hi there is a change in child sex ratio from 1991 to 2001.
Solution:
Here di = 2001 total - 1991 total , dbar=∑di/n
Table value of 't' at 5% level of significance and for 34 Degrees of freedom is 2.0336
If MOD(tcal) < t34,0.05 we accept Ho otherwise reject Ho.
tcal= -5.8237
since MOD(tcal)>t34,0.05 i.e 5.8237 > 2.0336
We reject Ho and conclude that child sex ratio has changed in 2001 as compared in 1991
A comparison between 2001 total child sex ratio and 1991 total child sex ratio
∑di: -706
∑di/n -20.6747
∑(di-dbar)^2 14264.12
S^2 432.246
t -5.82371

6. 0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Andaman and Nicobar
Andra pradesh
Arunachal pradesh
Assam
Bihar
Chandigarh
Chattishgarh
Dadra & Nagar haveli
Daman & Diu
Delhi
Goa
Gujrat
Haryana
Himachal pradesh
Jammu & Kashmir
Jharkhand
Karnataka
Kerala
Lakshadwep
Madhya pradesh
Maharashtra
Manipur
Meghalya
Mizoram
Nagaland
Orissa
Pondicherry
Punjab
Rajasthan
Sikkim
Tamil nadu
Tripura
Uttar pradesh
Uttaranchal
West bengal
1991 total
2001 total
A comparison between 2001 total child sex ratio and 1991 total child sex ratio

7. 0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Andaman and Nicobar
Andra pradesh
Arunachal pradesh
Assam
Bihar
Chandigarh
Chattishgarh
Dadra & Nagar haveli
Daman & Diu
Delhi
Goa
Gujrat
Haryana
Himachal pradesh
Jammu & Kashmir
Jharkhand
Karnataka
Kerala
Lakshadwep
Madhya pradesh
Maharashtra
Manipur
Meghalya
Mizoram
Nagaland
Orissa
Pondicherry
Punjab
Rajasthan
Sikkim
Tamil nadu
Tripura
Uttar pradesh
Uttaranchal
West bengal
A comparison between 2001 rural child sex ratio and 2001 urban child sex ratio
2001 rural
2001 urban

8. For 2001 census rural child sex ratio
2001 rural areas child sex ratio
2001 rural child sex ratio
Arithmatic 936.4571429 18
16
mean/average
14
Range 204 12
10
classwidth 34 8
6
median 946 4 FREQUENCY
2
mode 950.4545455
0
Coeff of quartile 0.02352227
deviation
Variance 2070.419592
Standard deviation 45.50186361
Coeff of variation 4.858937107
Comments
skewness of data: negative
center point of data 918
multiple modes: absent
outliers: absent
data is unimodal yes
modal class: 935-969

9. For 2001 census urban child sex ratio
2001 urban areas child sex ratio
2001 urban child sex ratio
Arithmatic 915.1285714 14
mean/average
12
Range 184
10
classwidth 31 8
6
median 928.3461538 FREQUENCY
4
mode 898.5384615 2
0
Coeff of quartile 0.037128089
deviation
Variance 2083.604898
Standard deviation 45.6465212
Comments
Coeff of variation 4.987989953
skewness of data: negative
center point of data 889
multiple modes: absent
outliers: absent
data is unimodal yes
modal class: 920-951

10. For 2001 total (rural + urban) child sex ratio
2001 total (rural + urban) areas child sex ratio
2001 total child sex ratio
Arithmatic 931.2857143
18
mean/average 16
Range 181 14
12
classwidth 30 10
8
median 946.125 6
4 FREQUENCY
mode 958.4347826 2
0
Coeff of quartile 0.028265546
deviation
Variance 1899.918367
Standard deviation 43.58805303
Coeff of variation 4.680416801 Comments
skewness of data: negative
center point of data 903
multiple modes: absent
outliers: absent
data is unimodal yes
modal class: 948-978

11. For 1991 total (rural + urban) child sex ratio
1991 total (rural + urban) areas child sex ratio
1991 total child sex ratio
Arithmatic mean/average 1065.205882
14
Range 138 12
10
classwidth 23
8
median 960.7272727 6
4
FREQUENCY
mode 968.9166667 2
0
Coeff of quartile 0.018980195
deviation
Variance 86214.64879
Standard deviation 293.623311
Coeff of variation 27.56493518
Comments
skewness of data: negative
center point of data 955.5
multiple modes: absent
outliers: absent
data is unimodal yes
modal class: 967-990

12. The avg. of child sex ratio of rural areas is more as compared to urban areas
acc. to the 2001 census as per the two comparison charts given above.
The child sex ratio has significantly decreased from 1991 to 2001 as per the
two comparison charts given above.
The above data follows alternative hypothesis.
The variation of child sex ratio from state to state is more in 1991 as
compared to 2001 census.
The variation of child sex ratio from state to state is more in urban areas as
compared to rural areas acc to 2001 census.
 Steps must be taken in order to balance the falling sex ratio.

13. www.unicef.org
Image.google.com
Wikipedia.org
2001 census
1991 census

14. CHILD SEX RATIO OF RESPECTIVE INDIAN STATES
State/Union territory 2001 rural 2001 urban 2001 total 1991 total
Andaman and Nicobar 966 936 957 973
Andra pradesh 963 955 961 975
Arunachal pradesh 960 980 964 982
Assam 967 943 965 975
Bihar 944 924 942 953
Chandigarh 847 845 845 899
Chattishgarh 982 938 975 984
Dadra & Nagar haveli 1003 888 979 1013
Daman & Diu 916 943 926 958
Delhi 850 870 868 915
Goa 952 924 938 964
Gujrat 906 837 883 928
Haryana 823 808 819 879
Himachal pradesh 900 844 896 951
Jammu & Kashmir 957 873 941
Jharkhand 973 930 965 979
Karnataka 949 940 946 960
Kerala 961 958 960 958
Lakshadwep 999 900 959 941
Madhya pradesh 939 907 932 941
Maharashtra 916 908 913 946
Manipur 956 961 957 974
Meghalya 973 969 973 986
Mizoram 965 963 964 969
Nagaland 969 939 964 993
Orissa 955 933 953 967
Pondicherry 967 967 967 963
Punjab 799 796 798 875
Rajasthan 914 887 909 916
Sikkim 966 922 963 965
Tamil nadu 933 955 942 948
Tripura 968 948 966 967
Uttar pradesh 921 890 916 927
Uttaranchal 918 872 908 948
West bengal 963 948 960 967