Gl android platform

Android Testing

By Dhirendra Jha

© 2011 GlobalLogic Inc.

Agenda
1. Introduction
2. Feature & Framework
3. Various Releases
4. Android SDK
5. Configuration
6. Emulator
7. Application installation
8. Tools used
9. Devices Root
10. Q & A

© 2011 GlobalLogic Inc. 2

INTRODUCTION

Android is a mobile phone operating system developed by
Google. Android is unique because Google is actively
developing the platform but giving it away for free to
hardware manufacturers and phone carriers who want to
use Android on their devices.

Contd..

• Based on Linux with a Java programming interface. It
provides tools, e.g. a compiler, debugger and a device
emulator as well as its own Java Virtual machine (Dalvik
Virtual Machine - DVM).

• It was initially developed by Android Inc., a firm later
purchased by Google, and lately by the Open Handset
Alliance.

• The unveiling of the Android distribution on 5 November
2007 was announced with the founding of the Open
Handset Alliance


Features

• Key Features

– Application framework enabling reuse and replacement of
components
– Dalvik virtual machine optimized for mobile devices
– Integrated browser based on the open source WebKit engine
– SQLite for structured data storage
– Media support for common audio, video, and still image formats
(MPEG4, H.264, MP3, AAC, AMR, JPG, PNG, GIF)
– GSM Telephony (hardware dependent)
– Bluetooth, EDGE, 3G, and WiFi (hardware dependent)
– Camera, GPS, compass, and accelerometer (hardware dependent)


Contd..


Architecture


Android Architecture - Application

• Android provides a set of core applications:
– Email Client
– SMS Program
– Calendar
– Maps
– Browser
– Contacts
– Etc
• All applications are written using the Java language.


Android Architecture– App Framework

• Enabling and simplifying the reuse of components
– Developers have full access to the same framework APIs used
by the core applications.
– Users are allowed to replace components.


Android Architecture - Libraries

• Including a set of C/C++ libraries used by components of
the Android system
• Exposed to developers through the Android application
framework


Android Architecture - Runtime

• Core Libraries
– Providing most of the functionality available in the core libraries of
the Java language
– APIs
• Data Structures
• Utilities
• File Access
• Network Access
• Graphics
• Etc


Android Architecture – Runtime (Cont)

• Dalvik Virtual Machine
– Providing environment on which every Android application
runs
• Each Android application runs in its own process, with its own
instance of the Dalvik VM.
• Dalvik has been written such that a device can run multiple VMs
efficiently.
– Executing the Dalvik Executable (.dex) format
• .dex format is optimized for minimal memory footprint.
• Compilation


Android Architecture – Linux Kernel

 Relying on Linux Kernel 2.6 for core system services
• Memory and Process Management
• Network Stack
• Driver Model
• Security
 Providing an abstraction layer between the H/W and the rest of the
components

13

Contd..
• Android comes with an Android market which is an online
software store. It was developed by Google. It allows
Android users to select, and download applications
developed by third party developers and use them.
• Android applications are written in java programming
language. Android is available as open source for developers
to develop applications which can be further used for selling
in android market.
• Android relies on Linux version 2.6 for core system services
such as security, memory management, process
management, network stack, and driver model.
• For software development, Android provides Android
SDK (Software development kit).


Available Version
Platform Codename API Version

Android 1.5 Cupcake 3

Android 1.6 Donut 4

Android 2.1 Éclair 7

Android 2.2 Froyo 8

Android 2.3 Gingerbread 9, 10

Android 3.0 Honeycomb 11, 12, 13

Android 4.0 Ice Creame Sandwich


Android SDK
• Download appropriate file for your system from
http://developer.android.com/sdk/index.html
• Extract to desired location
• Run “SDK Manager.exe” (or the equivalent for your system)


Contd..
• Select the package you want to install and complete the
installation.


Folder View of Android SDK


Application Installation On Device

• Installing Applications through Android Market
– Open the Android Market application given in the Applications
menu.
– Choose any option- Applications, Games or Search or My Downloads
based on what you want to do.
– Now you can click on the application you want and you will get
more details of the desired application.
– If you want to install it, just click on the Install button on the bottom
of the screen.
– In the next screen, it will give you more details about the application
including the different functionalities it will need to access.
– Just click on OK to finish installing the application.


Contd..

• Installing Applications With Android SDK
– Need to modify Android’s settings to allow the installation of
applications from other sources. Under “Settings,” select
“Application Settings” and then enable “Unknown Sources.”
Also under “Settings,” select “SD Card” and “Phone Storage,”
and finally enable “Disable Use for USB Storage”
– This last step is easy. Open Command Prompt and type the
following: adb install applicationxxx.apk
– Application install successfully and shows under the device
application screen.


Application Un-installation from Device

• Uninstalling Android Applications
– Sometimes an application just needs to go. Whether a better
one has been found or an application has simply worn out its
welcome, it must be uninstalled. Uninstalling is as simple as it
was to install it.
– Open the Google Android Menu.
– Go to the Settings icon and select Applications.
– Next, click on Manage.
– A list of installed applications will appear.
– Select the one to be uninstalled and simply click Uninstall.
– With that, the application is uninstalled.


Create Android Emulator
• Double click on “android.bat”. Shows below screen

• Click on the New button.

Contd..
• Provide all the details.

• Click on Create AVD button.

Contd..

• Select the newly created AVD and click on Start.


Contd..


Other Tools

• adb.exe –
– Android Debug Bridge is a versatile tool that lets you manage the state of
an emulator instance or Android-powered device. You can also use it to
install an Android application (.apk) file on a device.
– ADB allows you to interact with your phones file system through a terminal
based interface like command prompt. Since android is based on the Linux
platform, ADB can be used to perform advanced operations using a
command prompt window.


Contd..


• android.bat - This is an important development tool that
lets you:
• Create, delete, and view Android Virtual Devices (AVDs).
• Create and update Android projects.
• Update your Android SDK with new platforms, add-ons, and
documentation.


Contd..
• ddmss.bat
• Dalvik Debug Monitor Server (DDMS) is a debugging tool which provides port-
forwarding services, screen capture on the device, thread and heap information on
the device, logcat, process, and more.


Contd..
• Functionalities available using this utility


Contd..
• Capture the screen shot or copy the file from/to device.


Contd..

• emulator.exe
– The Android SDK includes a mobile device emulator — a
virtual mobile device that runs on your computer. The
emulator lets you develop and test Android applications
without using a physical device.
– When the emulator is running, you can interact with the
emulated mobile device just as you would an actual mobile
device, except that you use your mouse pointer to "touch" the
touch screen and can use some keyboard keys to invoke
certain keys on the device.

Ex - emulator -avd <avd_name> [-<option> ]


Development Environment

• ADT plugin for Eclipse
– Android Development Tools (ADT) is a plugin for the Eclipse IDE that
is designed to give you a powerful, integrated environment in which
to build Android applications.

– ADT extends the capabilities of Eclipse to let you quickly set up new
Android projects, create an application UI, add components based
on the Android Framework API, debug your applications using the
Android SDK tools, and even export signed (or unsigned) .apk files in
order to distribute your application.

– See the detail about configuration using the URL -
http://developer.android.com/sdk/eclipse-adt.html#installing


Device Root

• Root stands for administrator access which you can have
access to delete, modify, create new files inside the android
operating system, in short, gaining root access on your
android devices is like granting yourself an administrator
level which you can do all things you want unlike user level,
you don’t have the right to delete unworthy applications and
files that can consume a lot of space inside the internal
memory of the device.

• Getting root or rooting your phone is the process of
modifying the operating system on your device which will
grant you complete control over it.


Contd..
• This means you can overcome limitations that the carriers
and manufacturers put on your phone, extend system
functionality, and even upgrade it to a custom flavor of
Android.

• The name root equally known as Administrator on Windows
is called root.

• Getting rooted on the device will give you eternal freedom
to use the capabilities of your android device. But doing this
will might break your device and might void your warranty,
so if I you are afraid to have freedom on your device, I
recommend to do this once your device is out of warranty.


Android OS Specifications
Android 1. 0
 Was released on 23 September 2008. The first Android device, the
HTC Dream (G1),
 Download and upgrade support from Market.
 WiFi and Bluetooth support.
 Google Sync support.
 Maps with street view support
 Voice dialer without typing Name.
 Static Wallpaper Support

Android 1. 1
 Was released on 9 February 2009.
 Support Map view with business details
 Support Saving the attachment from MMS


Cont.
Android 1. 5 (cupcake)
 Was released on 30 April 2009 based on Linux Kernel 2.6.27.
 Support third party virtual keyboard with text prediction.
 Support widget
 Supports video Recording
 Copy Paste feature
 Shows user picture & thumbs for Favorites
 Animated screen transitions
Android 1. 6 (Donut)
 Was released on 15 September 2009 based on Linux Kernel
2.6.29.
 Voice and text entry search
 Multi-lingual speech synthesis engine
 Updated technology support for CDMA/EVDO, 802.1x, VPNs,
and a text-to-speech engine

Cont..
Android 2.0/2.1 (Eclair)
 Was released on 26 October 2009 based on Linux Kernel 2.6.29.
 Can add multiple account and performed sync.
 Exchange Email supports
 Ability to search saved SMS or MMS
 Improve Google Maps
 Addition of Live wallpaper
 2.1 SDK was released on 12 January 2010

Android 2.2 (Froyo)
 Was released on 20 May 2010based on Linux Kernel 2.6.32.
 Speed, memory and performance optimization
 Support for the Android Cloud to Device Messaging (C2DM) service,
enabling push notifications
 USB tethering and Wi-Fi hotspot functionality
 Support for installing applications to the expandable memory

Cont…
Android 2.3 (Gingerbread)
 Was released on 6 December 2010 based on Linux Kernel 2.6.35.
 Updated user interface design with increased simplicity and speed
 Native support for SIP VoIP internet telephony
 Support for Near Field Communication (NFC)
 Supports for multiple Camera , Front Camera Support,
 OS 2.3.4 supports voice & Video chat using Gtalk.
 OS 2.3.7 introduced Google Wallet support for the Nexus S 4G
Android 4.0 (Ice Cream Sandwich)
 Was released on 20 May 2010based on Linux Kernel 2.6.32.
 Speed, memory and performance optimization
 Support for the Android Cloud to Device Messaging (C2DM) service, enabling push
notifications
 Separation of widgets in a new tab, listed in a similar manner to apps
 Ability to access apps directly from lock screen
 Unlock, a feature that allows users to unlock handsets using facial recognition software
 Supports Google+ , hangout feature

Cont….
Android 3.0 Honeycomb
 Was released on 22 February 2011 based on Linux Kernel 2.6.36.
 First android OS Tablet support for Motorola Xoom .
 Multi-tasking Supports
 Multiple browser tap
 Supports Video Chat by Gtalk.
 Supports for Multi-Core processors.
 New two-pane Email UI
 Resizable home screen widget
 Supports Joysticks and gamepads.
 Improved Adobe Flash supports in browser.

 Added System Bar, featuring quick access to notifications, status, and soft
navigation buttons, available at the bottom of the screen.
 Ability to view albums and other collections in full-screen mode in
Gallery, with easy access to thumbnails for other photos

Installation/upgrade
Need to focus on Installation /
Un-installation /upgrade of app

3rd Party Functional
Developers Installation/upgrade
Testing Testing of all features and
functions of a system to ensure
requirements and specifications
are met
Vendor/Operator
Functional UI
Applications Compatibility
Testing conducted on the mobile
applications to evaluate the
application's compatibility with
Capability Testing
OS, Software / Hardware
Enterprise Platforms etc
Applications Implementation
Widget Testing

Widget Stress Adding / Deleting of widget.
Prototype Application as widget

Proprietary Performance Testing
Applications Performance Testing
Process of determining the
performance of the application in
case of low memory, Battery
Consumption. Long Run.
Automated Testing
Handset Phone Interrupt
Manufacturers

Application behavior in case of
voice call, SMS and Network
interrupt


Unique challenges in Testing

1
 Diversity of Device Environment





Exhaustive
Interfaces
Rendering

Compatibility
testing

of
of

images

with
User

and
positioning of elements in screen
mobile 2  Hardware Configuration
 Less memory & processing power
runtimes
for computing
 Application compatibility with
WAP enabled & HTTP enabled
devices

4  Rapid Application Development (RAD)



Benefits include faster time
market
Reduced Development time
to
3  Network related challenges


Network Latency
Gateways as Data Optimizers

 Reduced Testing cycle time


Success Factors

1  Use of Test Automation
 Automating appropriate areas

2
 Use of Emulators and actual
devices
 Emulators are useful for unit
testing

5
 Usability





Application should download
quickly
Horizontal and Vertical Navigation
should be easy
Images used should be clear 3  Testing for wide mobile
environments
 Font of Texts should be legible
 Color scheme used  GUI & Compatibility tests

4  Measuring application complexity
 Enterprise applications subjected
to Performance Testing, Security
Testing & Synchronization Testing


Android testing Tools and Utility

Test the Android application for
Low Memory condition :

Fill Device Memory Lite


General Overview of the Tool
1. “Fill Device Memory Lite” tool fill the android device internal (RAM) and External
Memory/SD Card in automated method.
2. No Need to manually copy the temp files or application into device to fill the memory.
3. All created files (plain text) are stored under application designated folders and will not
mess up your internal or external storages.

How to use tool
1. Download the “Fill Device Memory Lite” tool
from android Market.
2. Run the application from your testing
android device.


Step 1: Select the Device storage memory
• Select “Internal Storage” for filling device RAM
memory or “External Storage” for filling device SD
Card

Step II : Check the Space available
• Check the space available in android device.
• Delete the file in chunk on 8MB ( only available in
Full Version)
• Delete all previously created temp files at once from
device.

Step 3: Select the file size
• 11 Preset file size to select the size to select form.
• User can able to create single file size of 2GB.
• My Size option detect the available free size present
in memory and create the single file of detected free
memory size. ( Available in full Version)

Step 4: Fill the device memory for selected file
size.
• Fill the android device with selected file size.

Android testing Tools and Utility

Capture the device log without
Connecting the device to system:

Log Collector


Log Collector
General Overview of the Tool
Collects a device log and sends it to a developer using a method (email, messaging, etc.) of
your choice. The log data is vital to troubleshoot a crashing, or otherwise misbehaving
application.

How to use tool
1. Download the “Log Collector” tool from
android Market.
2. Run the application from your testing
android device.


Test Automation Overview


Q&A


Gl android platform

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