The document discusses voice, articulation, and resonance in speech production. It explains that voice is produced by vibrating vocal cords and is defined by pitch, quality, and intensity. Articulation refers to the speech sounds formed by movements of the articulators like the lips, tongue, and jaw. Resonance intensifies and prolongs the voiced sounds through sympathetic vibration in the chest, throat, and mouth cavities. The document also covers preferred versus habitual speech, articulation errors, types of breathing, and breathing exercises.

1. Voice and
Articulation
Zhie

2. Voice, or phonation, is the sound produced by
the expiration of air through vibrating vocal
cords.
 Voice is defined in terms of pitch, quality, and
intensity, or loudness.
 Optimum pitch, which means the most
appropriate pitch for speaking, varies with
each individual.
 Both optimum pitch and range of pitch are
fundamentally determined by the length and
mass of the vocal cords; within these
limits, pitch may be varied by changing the
combination of air pressure and tension of the
vocal cords.
 This combination determines the frequency at
which the vocal cords vibrate; the greater the
frequency of vibration, the higher the pitch.

3. Articulation refers to the speech sounds
that are produced to form the words of
language.
 The
articulating mechanism comprises
the lips, tongue, teeth, jaw, and palate.
 Speech
is articulated by interrupting or
shaping both the vocalized and
unvocalized airstream through
movement of the tongue, lips, lower
jaw, and soft palate.
 The
teeth are used to produce some
specific speech sounds.

5. Resonance- an intense and prolonged
sound produced by sympathetic vibration.
 After
voice is produced, it is resonated in
the chest, throat, and cavities of the
mouth. The quality of the voice is
determined by resonance and the manner
in which the vocal cords vibrate;
intensity is controlled by resonance and
by the strength of the vibrations of the
vocal cords.

6. Preferred Speech – termed as
career speech by Cranwell is the
type of speech that is expected
in a career
(teaching, theater, media, busin
ess, call center agents, etc.)
Habitual Speech – is determined
and molded by environmental
and psychological factors.

7. Articulatory Errors
1.
Lisping-a minor speech difficulty in
which the sounds "s" and "z" are
pronounced like the "th" sound.
2.
Slurring-to pronounce sounds or words
so that they cannot be
distinguished, or be pronounced in this
way.
3.
Accenting on the wrong syllable
4.
Substitution of letters
5.
Mouthing too much

8. Breathing and Projection
Types of Breathing
Diaphragmatic Breathing
2. Clavicular Breathing
3. Thoracic Breathing
1.

9. Exercises
1.
Stand straight. Place your palm on your
abdomen, stick out your tongue and pant like a
dog. Feel the diaphragmatic action. When you
inhale, the abdominal wall moves out. When you
exhale it returns to the relax position.
2.
Sit in a straight-back chair without arms. Hold the
back legs of the chair so that your shoulder cannot
be elevated. Breathing through the mouth, take a
deep breath slowly to a silent count of five, hold
your breath to a silent count of five, and exhale to
a silent count of five.

10. Directions: Conserve and control the
output of breath as you read this
Christmas carol. Keep the volume
strong to the end of the line.

11. On the first day of Christmas my
true love sent to me a partridge in
a pear tree.
2. On the second day of Christmas my
true love sent to me two turtle
doves and a partridge on a pear
tree.
3. On the third day of Christmas my
true love sent to me three French
hens, two turtle doves, and a
partridge on a pear tree.
1.

12. 4. On the fourth day of Christmas my
true love sent to me four calling
birds, three French hens, two turtle
dove and a partridge on a pear tree.
5. On the fifth day of Christmas my true
love sent to me five golden rings, four
calling birds, three French hens, two
turtle dove and a partridge on a pear
tree.

13. 6. On the sixth day of Christmas mu true
love sent to me six geese a-laying, five
golden rings, four calling birds, three
French hens, two turtle dove and a
partridge on a pear tree.
7. On the seventh day of Christmas my
true love sent to me seven swans aswimming, six geese a-laying, five
golden rings, four calling birds, three
French hens, two turtle dove and a
partridge on a pear tree.

14. 8. On the eight day of Christmas my true love
sent to me eight maids a-milking, seven swans
a-swimming, six geese a-laying, five golden
rings, four calling birds, three French
hens, two turtle dove and a partridge on a
pear tree.
9. On the ninth day of Christmas mu true love
sent to me nine ladies dancing, eight maids amilking, seven swans a-swimming, six geese alaying, five golden rings, four calling
birds, three French hens, two turtle dove and
a partridge on a pear tree.

15. 10. On the tenth day of Christmas my true love
sent to me ten lords a-leaping, nine ladies
dancing, eight maids a-milking, seven swans
a-swimming, six geese a-laying, five golden
rings, four calling birds, three French
hens, two turtle dove and a partridge on a
pear tree.
11. On the eleventh day of Christmas my true
love sent to me eleven pipers piping, ten
lords a-leaping, nine ladies dancing, eight
maids a-milking, seven swans aswimming, six geese a-laying, five golden
rings, four calling birds, three French
hens, two turtle dove and a partridge on a
pear tree.

16. 12. On the twelfth day of Christmas my
true love sent to me twelve drummers
drumming, eleven pipers piping, ten
lords a-leaping, nine ladies
dancing, eight maids a-milking, seven
swans a-swimming, six geese alaying, five golden rings, four calling
birds, three French hens, two turtle
dove and a partridge on a pear tree.