This was an upgrade to the RFID project i did as part of my second year. In this case, the project was enhanced to use zigbee so that the access control is real time .

1. ACCESS CONTROLACCESS CONTROL
SYSTEM USING RFID ANDSYSTEM USING RFID AND
ZIGBEEZIGBEE
The envisage to modern buildingThe envisage to modern building
S.PradheepS.Pradheep
S.Vivek SwaminathanS.Vivek Swaminathan
T.Balaji SrinivasanT.Balaji Srinivasan

2. Key pointsKey points
Access controlAccess control is the ability to permit oris the ability to permit or
deny the use of something by someone.deny the use of something by someone.
Why access control???Why access control???
Human-Less Monitoring of parameter suchHuman-Less Monitoring of parameter such
as Security, attendance logging, etc,.as Security, attendance logging, etc,.
..

3. ObjectiveObjective
Access Control System should beAccess Control System should be
 Extremely AffordableExtremely Affordable
 StandaloneStandalone
 Easily Deployable (Fit n Forget)Easily Deployable (Fit n Forget)
 User FriendlyUser Friendly
 Longer OperabilityLonger Operability

4. CC2420
(Zigbee)
AVR µC RFID Module
(with 8051 uC)
SPI Serial
Our Entire SystemOur Entire System

5. RFID

6. Why RFID????Why RFID????
 No line of sight requirementNo line of sight requirement
 The tag can withstand harsh environmentsThe tag can withstand harsh environments
 Long read rangeLong read range
 Portable databasePortable database
 Multiple tag read/write.Multiple tag read/write.
 Tracking people, items, and equipment inTracking people, items, and equipment in
real-timereal-time

7. What is RFID?What is RFID?
 Automatic Identification Method,Automatic Identification Method,
 Storing and remotely retrieving data usingStoring and remotely retrieving data using
devices called RFID tagsdevices called RFID tags
 An RFID tag is an object that can beAn RFID tag is an object that can be
attached to or incorporated into aattached to or incorporated into a
product, animal, or person for theproduct, animal, or person for the
purpose of identification using radiopurpose of identification using radio
waveswaves

8. Types of RFID tagsTypes of RFID tags
 Active TAG – Internal Battery PoweredActive TAG – Internal Battery Powered
 Passive TAG – Powered by ReaderPassive TAG – Powered by Reader
 Semi-Passive TAG – only Chip isSemi-Passive TAG – only Chip is
Powered by Battery. Transmission powerPowered by Battery. Transmission power
obtained from readerobtained from reader
 Chipless TAG – No chip present, availableChipless TAG – No chip present, available
in the form of thin stickersin the form of thin stickers

9. Our RFID readerOur RFID reader
Passive Reader
125 KHz Module
Can be interfaced easily
to uC through Serial
Communication
Affordable

10. Our RFID SystemOur RFID System

11. KEIL Software

12. Working RFID ModuleWorking RFID Module

13. ApplicationsApplications
 Some other areas where passive RFID has been applied in recentSome other areas where passive RFID has been applied in recent
past are:past are:
 Person IdentificationPerson Identification
 Food Production ControlFood Production Control
 Vehicle Parking MonitoringVehicle Parking Monitoring
 Toxic Waste MonitoringToxic Waste Monitoring
 Valuable Objects Insurance IdentificationValuable Objects Insurance Identification
 Asset ManagementAsset Management
 Access ControlAccess Control
Short range or proximity applications are typically access controlShort range or proximity applications are typically access control
applications.applications.
Some main areas are:Some main areas are:
 Access controlAccess control
 Mass transit ticketingMass transit ticketing

14. ZIGBEE

15. WIRELESS over wiredWIRELESS over wired
 FlexibilityFlexibility
 ScalabilityScalability
 Ease of deploymentEase of deployment
 RetrofittingRetrofitting
 Reduced costReduced cost
 Fit and forgetFit and forget

16. Protocols OverviewProtocols Overview
ZigBee
802.15.4
Wi-Fi
802.11b
Wi-Fi5
802.11a/HL2
GSM/CDMA GPRS/3G LMDS
High Data RateLow Data Rate
ShortRangeLongRange
WAN
LAN
PAN
Bluetooth 2
Text
Digital
video Multi-channel
video
Graphics
Internet
Hi-Fi
audio Streaming
video
Bluetooth 1
802.15.1
WiMedia
802.15.3

17. Why ZIGBEE ???Why ZIGBEE ???
 Reliable and Self HealingReliable and Self Healing
 Supports large number of nodesSupports large number of nodes
 Easy to deployEasy to deploy
 Very long battery lifeVery long battery life
 SecureSecure
 Low costLow cost
 Less channel access timesLess channel access times
 Can be used globallyCan be used globally

18. What is Zigbee?What is Zigbee?
 Specification of protocols for small,
low-power radios
 Operates at 868.3MHz,902-928MHz,2.4-
2.48MHz
Zigbee-Alliance
 Companies developing and promoting
the standard
 150+ members

19. Silicon
PHY Layer
MAC Layer
LLC Layer
Network Layer
Zigbee
Stack
Application
Application Interface
Application
Customer
ZigbeeAlliance
IEEE
Zigbee Stack
CC2420CC2420
A Zigbee IC from Texas instruments that has bothA Zigbee IC from Texas instruments that has both
physical and MAC layerphysical and MAC layer

20. EasyBee Module
 True single-chip 2.4 GHz IEEE
 802.15.4 compliant RF transceiver
 Low current consumption
 Programmable output power
 128(RX) + 128(TX) byte data
buffering
 Hardware MAC encryption
 Battery monitor

21. Our Zigbee Develop. board

22. AVR Studio

23. DATA TRANSMISSION VIEWED
USING PACKET SNIFFER

24. VIEW OF RF STUDIO

25. Low Data Rate
Radio Devices
• TV
• VCR
• DVD
• CD
• Remote
• Mouse
• Keyboard
• Joystick
• Gamepad
• Security
• HVAC
• Lighting
• Closures
• PETs
• Game boys
• Educational
• Monitors
• Diagnostics
• Sensors
Industrial &
Commercial
Consumer
Electronics
Personal
Healthcare
• Monitors
• Sensors
• Automation
• Control
Toys
&
Games
Home
Automation
PC
Peripherals
Zigbee –Application scenarios

26. WorkingWorking

27. Working Overview
RFID Tag by user
Enter Password
Check Password
Store in Memory
Data Above threshold
Transmit using Zigbee
Received th’ serial port
Update the database
Zigbee
Computer
RFID Module

28. Typical ScenarioTypical Scenario
Co-ordinator
Node,
interfaced to
PC
11
22
33
44
55

29. Overall PictureOverall Picture

30. OutputOutput

31. Future WorkFuture Work
 Uploading the RFID accumulated dataUploading the RFID accumulated data
directly to the internet using an Ethernetdirectly to the internet using an Ethernet
module (without a PC).module (without a PC).

32. ConclusionConclusion

33. Cost estimateCost estimate
 Cost per single node:Cost per single node:
 The bill of materials for a single stand alone node is:The bill of materials for a single stand alone node is:
(what we have designed and used)(what we have designed and used)
 1. ATmega32L microcontroller1. ATmega32L microcontroller -- Rs. 220Rs. 220
 2. EasyBee CC2420 module2. EasyBee CC2420 module -- Rs. 1260Rs. 1260
 3. PCB and Connectors3. PCB and Connectors -- Rs. 250Rs. 250
 4. Discrete Components4. Discrete Components -- Rs. 120Rs. 120
 5. RFID reader & antenna - Rs.16005. RFID reader & antenna - Rs.1600
 Micro controller & other IC - Rs.140Micro controller & other IC - Rs.140
---------------Grand Total---------------Grand Total -- Rs.Rs.
35903590

34. Cost……Cost……
 Initial cost may be high.Initial cost may be high.
 When manufactured in bulk say 1000When manufactured in bulk say 1000
pieces the price would still reduce to aboutpieces the price would still reduce to about
Rs 1600 and low.Rs 1600 and low.
 Suitable to be installed in schoolsSuitable to be installed in schools
,libraries, colleges, private offices etc.,libraries, colleges, private offices etc.

35. We have proposed a solution withWe have proposed a solution with
 FlexibilityFlexibility
 ScalabilityScalability
 Ease of deploymentEase of deployment
 RetrofittingRetrofitting
 Reduced costReduced cost

36. Other Possible Applications
 Attendance logging
 File tracking
 Parking Automation
 Human tracking
 Device control
 Home Automation
 Temperature sensing
 Wireless chatting