The document discusses two types of data marts: independent and dependent. Independent data marts focus on a single subject area but are not designed enterprise-wide, examples include manufacturing or finance. They are quicker and cheaper to build but can contain duplicate data and inconsistencies. Dependent data marts get their data from an enterprise data warehouse, offering benefits like improved performance, security, and key performance indicator tracking. The document also outlines the key steps in designing, building, populating, accessing, and managing a data mart project.