1. 3 .4 ü¡−ÙÛÉl −r−œ Ty¥¢L qÊÊ¡pLl−e f’¡−u−al i¨¢jL¡
−r−œ 90 ¢j¢eV
1z A¢d−hn−el E−ŸnÉ (Session Objectives) :
HC A¢d−hn−el −n−o AwnNËqZL¡l£l¡ hZÑe¡ Ll−a f¡l−he −k -
ü¡ÙÛÉ −r−œ Ty¥¢L qÊÊ¡pLl−Z f’¡−ua pcpÉ−cl i¨¢jL¡ J c¡¢uaÆ L£ L£ ?
2z A¢d−hn−el j§m ¢nr¡ (Key Learning Point) :
f’¡−u−al NWe
ü¡ÙÛÉ pðå£u ¢hfkÑu qÊÊ¡pLl−e f’¡−u−al i¨¢jL¡ J c¡¢uaÆ
3z −S−e l¡M¤e (Hand Out) :
i¡lah−oÑ, f’¡−ua qm NË¡j Ù¹−l Ah¢ÙÛa phÑ¢ejÀ NZa¡¢¿»L hÉhÙÛ¡l Ef¡c¡e - k¡ Ap£j rja¡l
A¢dL¡l£ z f’¡−ua e¡e¡ dl−el L¡kÑL¡l£ i¨¢jL¡ f¡me L−l, −kje - p¡j¡¢SL pwNWe−L Eæa Ll¡, NË¡j
Ù¹−l ¢hfkÑu −j¡L¡¢hm¡ Hhw fËa¥Éšl cm NWe, f§hÑ paÑL£LlZ fÜ¢a °al£ / ¢hL¡n, EÜ¡lL¡l£l cm
pwN¢Wa Ll¡ Hhw BS£¢hL¡l Evp…¢m−a °h¢QœÉ Be¡ z a¡C f’¡−ua hÉhÙÛ¡ J LjÑQ¡l£N−Zl cra¡
hª¢Ü AaÉ¿¹ Sl¦l£ k¡−a a¡l¡ ¢hfkÑ−ul pju L¡kÑLl£l©−f fËa¥Éšl pÇf¡ce Ll−a f¡−l z
f’¡−ua l¡S qm HL¢V ¢œ-Ù¹l£u fËn¡pe hÉhÙÛ¡ z H¢V NË¡j, hÔL Hhw −Sm¡ Ù¹−l - NË¡j f’¡−ua,
f’¡−ua p¢j¢a Hhw −Sm¡ f¢loc e¡−j L¡S L−l z 73 aj pw−n¡d−el j¡dÉ−j Eæuej§mL ab¡ ¢hfkÑu
−j¡L¡¢hm¡ pwœ²¡¿¹ L¡−Sl SeÉ p¡d¡lZ j¡e¤−ol q¡−a A−eL rja¡ B−p z
1

2. −cM¡ k¡u , NË¡j f’¡−ua Ù¹l fkÑ¿¹ f’¡−ua hÉhÙÛ¡ i¡−m¡C L¡S L−l, ¢L¿¹¥ NË¡j pi¡ Hhw Ef-p¢j¢a
…¢m−L BlJ −S¡lc¡l Ll¡l fË−u¡Se B−R z HC c¤¢V fË¢aù¡eC Ty¥¢L j§mÉ¡ue, ¢hfæ j¡e¤o−cl
¢Q¢q²aLlZ J Eæu−el p¡−b ¢j¢m−u Ty¥¢L qÊÊ¡pLl−Zl f¢lLÒfe¡ ab¡ L¡S Q¡¢m−u ¢e−u −k−a …l¦aÆf§ZÑ
i¨¢jL¡ f¡me Ll−h z
HR¡s¡J NË¡j pi¡, Eæu−el f−bl h¡d¡ ab¡ Aj£j¡wp£a hÉÉf¡l…¢mJ −cM−h z 11 ew ag¢p−m
f’¡−u−al L¡S…¢m h¢eÑa B−R z H −b−L −h¡T¡ k¡u −k, ¢hfkÑu Ty¥¢L qÊ¡Ê pLl−Zl pjÙ¹ L¡SC f’¡−ua
Ll−a f¡−l z −k−qa¥ f’¡−ua p¡d¡le j¡e¤o, Eæu−el Awn£c¡l J fË¡np−el j¡−T −pa¥l j−a¡ L¡S L−l
a¡C p¡j¡¢SL fËÙ¹¥¢a J ¢hfkÑu fËnje (Disaster Mitigation) H f’¡−u−al n¡¢jm qJu¡V¡ AaÉ¿¹
…l¦aÆf§ZÑ z
73 aj pw−n¡de£ BCe, 1992 x
pw¢hd¡e (73 aj) pw−n¡de£ BCe, 1992 ¢ejÀ¢m¢Ma ¢hou…¢m p¤¤¢e¢ÕQa Ll¡l B−cn −cu-
¢œ-Ù¹l£u hÉhÙÛ¡ / L¡W¡−j¡ (NË¡j f’¡−ua, f’¡−ua p¢j¢a Hhw −Sm¡ f¢loc ) NWe
20 m−rl −hn£ SepwMÉ¡ hph¡pL¡l£ ph l¡SÉ…¢m−a œ£ - Ù¹l£u f’−ua hÉhÙÛ¡ ÙÛ¡fe
NË¡j Ù¹−l NË¡j pi¡ NWe
fË¢a 5 hR−l f’¡−ua Ù¹−l −i¡V NËqe
af¢nm£ S¡¢a Hhw af¢nm£ EfS¡¢al SeÉ pj¡e¤f¡¢aL Bpe pwlre
j¢qm¡−cl SeÉ 33 na¡w−nl E−ÜÑ Bpe pwlre
f’¡−ua…¢ml B¢bÑL rja¡−L p¡q¡kÉ J p¤¤f¡¢l−nl E−Ÿ−nÉ l¡SÉ AbÑ L¢jne NWe
−Sm¡l Eæue f¢lLÒfe¡l Mps¡ °al£l SeÉ −Sm¡ f¢lLÒfe¡ L¢j¢V NWe
11 ew af¢n−m h¢eÑa f’¡−u−al L¡kÑ¡hm£ :
f’¡−u−
¢h¢iæ LjÑp§Q£l ab¡ fËL−Òfl j¡dÉ−j B¢bÑL Eæue J p¡j¡¢SL eÉ¡u fË¢aù¡l SeÉ f’¡−u−al ¢h¢iæ
c¡¢uaÆ…¢m qm ¢ejÀl¦f -
1) L«¢oL¡S Hhw a¡l pÇfËp¡lZ
2) i¨¢j Eæue, i¨¢j pwú¡l, S¢j cª¢tLlZ Hhw i¨¢j pwlrZ
3) Sm −pQ, Sm hÉhÙÛ¡fe¡ Hhw Sm¡d¡l °al£ / Eæue
4) föf¡me, c¤‡ hÉhp¡u Hhw j¤lN£ f¡me
5) jvpQ¡o
6) p¡j¡¢SL hei¨¢j J −N¡-Q¡le hei¨¢j
7) hei¨¢j pwlrZ
8) r¥â¢nÒf Hhw M¡cÉfË¢œ²u¡LlZ ¢nÒf
9) M¡¢c, NË¡jÉ Hhw L¨W£l ¢nÒf
10) NË¡j£e h¡¢sOl
11) f¡e£u Sm
12) SÆ¡m¡e£ J föM¡cÉ
13) l¡Ù¹¡O¡V, −pa¥, −gl£, Smfb Hhw k¡a¡u¡−al AeÉ¡eÉ j¡dÉj
14) NË¡−jl ¢hc¤Év pw−k¡N ab¡ ¢hc¤Év plhl¡q
15) A¢Ql¡Q¢la / AfËQ¢ma n¢š²l Evp
16) c¡¢lâ c§l£LlZ LjÑp§Q£
2

3. 17) ¢nr¡ - fË¡b¢jL J j¡dÉ¢jL
18) L¡¢lNl£ fË¢nrZ Hhw hª¢šj§mL ¢nr¡
19) −f±t ab¡ AfËb¡Na ¢nr¡
20) NË¿Û¡N¡l
21) h¡S¡l Hhw −jm¡
22) Se h¾Ve / −lne hÉhÙÛ¡
23) ü¡ÙÛÉ J ü¡ÙÛÉ hÉhÙÛ¡, q¡pf¡a¡m, fË¡b¢jL ü¡ÙÛÉ−L¾cÊ Hhw X¡š²¡lM¡e¡
24) f¢lh¡l LmÉ¡Z
25) e¡l£ J ¢nö Eæue
26) pj¡S LmÉ¡Z, n¡¢ll£L J j¡e¢pL fË¢ahå£−cl LmÉ¡Z
27) af¢nm£ S¡¢a J EfS¡¢al j¡dÉ−j pj¡−Sl ¢hfæ −nËe£l LmÉ¡Z
28) p¡j¡¢SL pÇf−cl lr¡e¡−hrZ
ü¡−ÙÛÉl p¡−b pÇfLÑk¤š² ¢hfkÑu J Ty¥¢L qÊ¡Ê pLl−e f’¡−u−al i¨¢jL¡ :
f’¡−u−al
f’¡−u−al ¢h¢iæ ¢hi¡N ü¡ÙÛÉ −r−œ ¢hfkÑu Ty¥¢L qÊÊ¡pLl−e pñ¡hÉ L¡S/i¨¢jL¡ z
NË¡j f’¡−ua • p¡j¡¢SL pwÙÛ¡, −hplL¡l£ pwÙÛ¡ Hhw Seü¡ÙÛÉ J L¡¢lNl£
cç−ll p−‰ pwk¤š² q−u ü¡ÙÛÉ¢h¢dl Eæue z HR¡s¡J Sm,
ü¡ÙÛÉ¢hd¡e J ü¡ÙÛÉ¢h¢d pÇf¢LÑa −l¡−Nl fË¡c¤iÑ¡h Lj¡−a Se
- p−Qaea¡ hª¢Ü z
• Sm, ü¡ÙÛÉ¢hd¡e J ü¡ÙÛÉ¢h¢d ab¡ ¢hfkÑu Ty¢¥ L qÊ¡Ê pLlZ Hl
p¡−b pÇf¢LÑa ¢h¢iæ fËL−Òf hÔL J −Sm¡ Ù¹−ll p¡−b
p¢Çj¢ma q−u L¡S Ll¡ z
Sm, ü¡ÙÛÉ¢hd¡e J ü¡ÙÛÉ¢h¢d LjÑ£cm • fËLÒf fkÑ−hrZ
• S−ml j¡e fkÑ−hrZ
NË¡j pi¡ (pwpc) • p¤¤¾cl ü¡ÙÛÉLl AiÉ¡p NW−el SeÉ ü¡ÙÛÉ p−Qaea¡ N−s
−a¡m¡
• j¡−W O¡−V h¡ −M¡m¡ ÙÛ¡−e jmaÉ¡N hå Ll¡
Table 1 : ü¡ÙÛÉ −r−œ f’¡−u−al i¨¢jL¡ : Ec¡qle ül©f ¢LR¥ L¡−Sl Lb¡ hm¡ qm z p¡le£¢V Hm¡L¡
¢i¢šL i¡−h AwnNËqZL¡l£l¡ °al£ Ll−he z
3

4. 4z A¢d−hne f¢lLÒfe¡ (Session Plan) :
pju A¢d−hn−el
A¢d−hn el L¡kÑ¡hm£l hZÑe¡
fËbj 15 ¢j¢eV HC A¢d−hn−e ü¡ÙÛÉ ¢hfkÑu −r−œ Ty¥¢L qÊ¡Ê pLlZ L¡kÑ¡hm£−a f’¡−u−al i¨¢jL¡ ¢e−u
B−m¡Qe¡ Ll¡ q−h a¡ AwnNËqZL¡l£−cl S¡e¡−e¡ q−h z
A¢d−hn−el öl¦−a AwnNËqZL¡l£−cl f’¡−u−al ¢h¢iæ ¢hi¡N Hhw NWe pÇf−LÑ
hm−a hm¡ q−h z a¡−cl Ešl…¢m −h¡−XÑ ¢m−M ¢c−a q−h z k¢c a¡l¡ −L¡−e¡ ¢hi¡N
pð−å hm−a i¥−m k¡u (kb¡ - NË¡jpi¡) aMe fË¢nrL I n§eÉ ÙÛ¡e¢V f§le L−l
f’−u−al pÇf¨eÑ NWe hÉ¡MÉ¡ Ll−he z AwnNËqZL¡l£−cl −cJu¡ abÉ h¤T−a p¡q¡kÉ
Ll−h z
16 - 80 ¢j¢eV AwnNËqZL¡l£−cl Q¡l¢V c−m i¡N L−l f’¡−u−al ¢h¢iæ ¢hi¡N ab¡ L¡−Sl
c¡¢uaÆ…¢ml a¡¢mL¡ h¡e¡−a hm−a q−h z f§−hÑ h¡e¡−e¡ Q¡l¢V cmC HM−e¡ l¡M¡ −k−a
f¡−l h¡ ea¥e cm h¡e¡−e¡ −k−a f¡−l z
AwnNËqZL¡l£ −cl ¢hale Ll¡ abÉhm£ −b−L Ec¡qlZ ¢c−u ü¡−ÙÛÉl −r−œ ¢hfkÑu
Ty¥¢L qÊÊ¡pLl−Z f’¡−u−al i¨¢jL¡ B−m¡¢Qa q−h z Hlfl AwnNËqZL¡l£−cl −cJu¡
abÉ pj§q −b−L HL¢V p¡lZ£ ¢gÓfÚ Q¡−VÑ ByL−a q−h z â¥a ¢Q¿¹−el j¡dÉ−j Q¡l¢V
cm ü¡ÙÛÉ Hhw ¢hfkÑu Ty¥¢L qÊÊ¡pLl−Z f’¡−u−al ¢h¢iæ ¢hi¡−N L£ L£ Lle£u a¡l
a¡¢mL¡ Ll−he z
fË¢a¢V cm−L B−m¡Qe¡ Ll¡ Hhw −mM¡l SeÉ 45 ¢j¢eV Hhw L¡S¢V f¢l−hn−el
SeÉ 5 ¢j¢eV pju −cJu¡ q−h z −j¡V pju m¡N−h 65 ¢j¢eV z
81 - 90 ¢j¢eV f’¡−u−al L¡S…¢m pw¢rçLlZ z HC ph L¡SC ü¡ÙÛÉ J ¢hfkÑu Ty¥¢L qÊ¡Ê pLlZ
−r−œ ¢eS ¢eS Hm¡L¡ ¢i¢šL Ty¥¢L j§mÉ¡u−el fl ¢eeÑu Ll¡ E¢Qv z
5z fˢnre fܢa (Training Method) :
A¢d−hn−el Awn fÜ¢a
A¢d−hn−el p§Qe¡ B−m¡Qe¡
f’¡−ua pcpÉ−cl i¨¢jL¡ â¥a ¢Q¿¹e Hhw cmNa L¡S
6z fË−u¡Se£u p jNË£ (Material Required) :
p¡jNË
12 ¢V Q¡VÑ
12 ¢V ¢h¢iæ l−Pl j¡LÑ¡l −fe
−h¡XÑ
8 ¢V ¢h¢iæ l−Pl −h¡−XÑ −mM¡l j¡LÑ¡l −fe
4