the working and the applications of 8051 micro controller and the instruction set are explained here

1. II ECE – SAVEETHA UNIVERSITY(SSE)

2. 22

3. 33
FEATURESFEATURES
 8-bit CPU optimized for control applications
 64K Program Memory address space
 64K Data Memory address space
 4K bytes of on-chip Program Memory
 128 bytes of on-chip Data RAM
 32 bidirectional and individually addressable 1/0 lines
 Two 16-bit timer/counters
 Full duplex UART
 6-source/5-vector interrupt structure with two priority levels
 On-chip clock oscillator

4. 44SKB'sSKB's
PIN DETAILSPIN DETAILS
P1
P3
P0
P2
XTAL
+
_
RESET

5. Interrupt
Control
CPU
4K
ROM
128
RAM
OSC Bus
Control 4 I/O Ports
Serial
Port
Timer 1
Timer 0
BLOCK DIAGRAMBLOCK DIAGRAM
TXD RXD
P0 P1 P2 P3

6. 66SKB'sSKB's
ARCHITECUREARCHITECURE All

7. 77SKB'sSKB's
ARCHITECUREARCHITECURE 1

8. 88SKB'sSKB's
ARCHITECUREARCHITECURE 2

9. 99SKB'sSKB's
ARCHITECUREARCHITECURE 3

10. 1010SKB'sSKB's
MEMORY STRUCTUREMEMORY STRUCTURE
External
EXT INT
128
SFR
External
Program Memory Data Memory
64K 64K
EA = 0 EA = 1
4K
60K

11. 1111SKB'sSKB's
128 BYTE RAM128 BYTE RAM
128 BYTE
INTERNAL RAM
Register Banks
Reg Bank 0
Reg Bank 1
Reg Bank 2
Reg Bank 3
BIT Addressable
Area
General Purpose
Area

12. 1212SKB'sSKB's
REGISTER BANK STRUCTUREREGISTER BANK STRUCTURE
R0R0 R1R1 R2R2 R3R3 R4R4 R5R5 R6R6 R7R7Bank 0
R0R0 R1R1 R2R2 R3R3 R4R4 R5R5 R6R6 R7R7Bank 3
R0R0 R1R1 R2R2 R3R3 R4R4 R5R5 R6R6 R7R7Bank 2
R0R0 R1R1 R2R2 R3R3 R4R4 R5R5 R6R6 R7R7Bank 1
CYCY ACAC F0F0 RS1RS1 RS0RS0 OVOV -- PP
Program Status Word -Program Status Word - PSWPSW

13. 1313SKB'sSKB's
F8 FF
F0 B F7
E8 EF
E0 Acc E7
D8 DF
D0 PSW D7
C8 CF
C0 C7
B8 IP BF
B0 P3 B7
A8 IE AF
A0 P2 A7
98 SCON SBUF 9F
90 P1 97
88 TCON TMOD TL0 TL1 TH0 TH1 8F
80 P0 SP DPL DPH PCON 87
SFRSFR

14. 1414SKB'sSKB's

15. 1515SKB'sSKB's
TIMERS
SERIAL PORT
INTERRUPTS

16. 1616SKB'sSKB's
TIMERS
SERIAL PORT
INTERRUPTS

17. 1717SKB'sSKB's
Timer 0
Mode 3Mode 3
Mode 2Mode 2
Mode 1Mode 1
Mode 0Mode 0
Mode 2Mode 2
Mode 1Mode 1
Mode 0Mode 0
Timer 1
TIMERS

18. 1818SKB'sSKB's
M0M0M1M1C/C/ŤŤGateGateM0M0M1M1C/C/ŤŤGateGate
TMODTMOD
IT0IT0IE0IE0IT1IT1IE1IE1TR0TR0TF0TF0TR1TR1TF1TF1
TCONTCON
Timer 0Timer 0Timer 1Timer 1
InterruptInterruptTimersTimers
SFRs Related to TIMER

19. 1919SKB'sSKB's
TIMERS
SERIAL PORT
INTERRUPTS

20. 2020SKB'sSKB's
SERIAL PORT– Mode 0
The Serial Port in Mode-0 has the following
features:
• Serial data enters and exits through RXD
• TXD outputs the shifl clock
• 8 bits are transmitted / received
• The baud rate is fixed at (1/12) of the
oscillator frequency

21. 2121SKB'sSKB's
SERIAL PORT– Mode 1
The Serial Port in Mode-1 has the following features:
• Serial data enters RXD
• Serial data exits through TXD
• 10 bits are transmitted / received
 Start bit (0)
 Data bits (8)
 Stop Bit (1)
• Baud rate is determined by the Timer 1 over
flow rate.

22. 2222SKB'sSKB's
RIRITITIRB8RB8TB8TB8RENRENSM2SM2SM1SM1SM0SM0
SCONSCON
IDLIDLPDPDGF0GF0GF1GF1------SMODSMOD
PCONPCON
SFRs Related to SERIAL PORT

23. 2323SKB'sSKB's
TIMERS
SERIAL PORT
INTERRUPTS

24. 2424SKB'sSKB's
INTERRUPTS
The Interrupt structure has the following features:
• 6 sources / 5 vectored interrupts
• Each interrupts can be individually programmable
• Each interrupts can have two priority levels
• Priority levels can be programmed
• All interrupts can be masked by a single bit - EA
• External interrupt type can be programmed
 Edge triggered
 Level Triggered

25. 2525SKB'sSKB's
1INT
TIMER / COUNTER
0INT
0TF
1TF
TI
RI
INTERRUPT
SOURCES
IE0
IE1

26. 2626SKB'sSKB's
EX0EX0ET0ET0EX1EX1ET1ET1ESES----EAEA
IEIE
PX0PX0PT0PT0PX1PX1PT1PT1PSPS------
IPIP
SFRs Related to INTERRUPTS
IE0IE0TF0TF0IE1IE1TF1TF1RI / TIRI / TI
LOW HIGH
Priority Within LevelPriority Within Level
IT0IT0IE0IE0IT1IT1IE1IE1TR0TR0TF0TF0TR1TR1TF1TF1
TCONTCON

27. 2727SKB'sSKB's

28. 2828SKB'sSKB's
MEMORY INTERFACING
External RAM Interfacing :-
MCS 51
ALE
EXT
RAM
Data
Address
RDWR RD WR
ALE
P0
P2
P1
P3

29. 2929SKB'sSKB's
MEMORY INTERFACING
External RAM Interfacing :-
D
CLK
Q
D
CLK
Q
D
CLK
Q
D
CLK
Q
AD0
AD1
AD2
AD3
D0
D1
D2
D3
A0
A1
A2
A3

30. 3030SKB'sSKB's
MEMORY INTERFACING
External ROM Interfacing :-
MCS 51
ALE
EXT
ROM
Instr
Address
PSEN CE
ALE
P0
P2
P1
P3
EA
EEPROM

31. 3131SKB'sSKB's

32. 3232SKB'sSKB's
Instruction SetInstruction Set
5 Groups5 Groups
Arithmetic Operation GroupArithmetic Operation Group
Logical Operation GroupLogical Operation Group
Data Transfer GroupData Transfer Group
Boolean Variable Manipulation GroupBoolean Variable Manipulation Group
Program Branching GroupProgram Branching Group

33. 3333SKB'sSKB's
Instruction SetInstruction Set
5 Groups5 Groups
Arithmetic Operation GroupArithmetic Operation Group
Logical Operation GroupLogical Operation Group
Data Transfer GroupData Transfer Group
Boolean Variable Manipulation GroupBoolean Variable Manipulation Group
Program Branching GroupProgram Branching Group

34. 3434SKB'sSKB's
Arithmetic Operation GroupArithmetic Operation Group
ADD A,DirectADD A,Direct
ADD A,RnADD A,Rn
ADD A,@RiADD A,@Ri
ADD A,#DataADD A,#Data

35. 3535SKB'sSKB's
Arithmetic Operation GroupArithmetic Operation Group
ADDC A,DirectADDC A,Direct
ADDC A,RnADDC A,Rn
ADDC A,@RiADDC A,@Ri
ADDC A,#DataADDC A,#Data

36. 3636SKB'sSKB's
Arithmetic Operation GroupArithmetic Operation Group
SUBB A,DirectSUBB A,Direct
SUBB A,RnSUBB A,Rn
SUBB A,@RiSUBB A,@Ri
SUBB A,#DataSUBB A,#Data

37. 3737SKB'sSKB's
Arithmetic Operation GroupArithmetic Operation Group
INCINC AA
INCINC DirectDirect
INCINC RnRn
INCINC @Ri@Ri

38. 3838SKB'sSKB's
Arithmetic Operation GroupArithmetic Operation Group
DECDEC AA
DECDEC DirectDirect
DECDEC RnRn
DECDEC @Ri@Ri

39. 3939SKB'sSKB's
Arithmetic Operation GroupArithmetic Operation Group
INCINC DPTRDPTR
MULMUL ABAB
DIVDIV ABAB
DADA AA

40. 4040SKB'sSKB's
Instruction SetInstruction Set
5 Groups5 Groups
Arithmetic Operation GroupArithmetic Operation Group
Logical Operation GroupLogical Operation Group
Data Transfer GroupData Transfer Group
Boolean Variable Manipulation GroupBoolean Variable Manipulation Group
Program Branching GroupProgram Branching Group

41. 4141SKB'sSKB's
Logical Operation GroupLogical Operation Group
ANL A,DirectANL A,Direct
ANL A,RnANL A,Rn
ANL A,@RiANL A,@Ri
ANL A,#DataANL A,#Data
ANL Direct,AANL Direct,A
ANL Direct,#DataANL Direct,#Data

42. 4242SKB'sSKB's
Logical Operation GroupLogical Operation Group
ORL A,DirectORL A,Direct
ORL A,RnORL A,Rn
ORL A,@RiORL A,@Ri
ORL A,#DataORL A,#Data
ORL Direct,AORL Direct,A
ORL Direct,#DataORL Direct,#Data

43. 4343SKB'sSKB's
Logical Operation GroupLogical Operation Group
XRL A,DirectXRL A,Direct
XRL A,RnXRL A,Rn
XRL A,@RiXRL A,@Ri
XRL A,#DataXRL A,#Data
XRL Direct,AXRL Direct,A
XRL Direct,#DataXRL Direct,#Data

44. 4444SKB'sSKB's
Logical Operation GroupLogical Operation Group
CLRCLR AA
CPLCPL AA
RLRL AA
RLCRLC AA
RRRR AA
RRCRRC AA
SWAP ASWAP A

45. 4545SKB'sSKB's
Instruction SetInstruction Set
5 Groups5 Groups
Arithmetic Operation GroupArithmetic Operation Group
Logical Operation GroupLogical Operation Group
Data Transfer GroupData Transfer Group
Boolean Variable Manipulation GroupBoolean Variable Manipulation Group
Program Branching GroupProgram Branching Group

46. 4646SKB'sSKB's
Data Transfer GroupData Transfer Group
MOV A,DirectMOV A,Direct
MOV A,RnMOV A,Rn
MOV A,@RiMOV A,@Ri
MOV A,#DataMOV A,#Data
MOV Rn,DirectMOV Rn,Direct
MOV Rn,@RiMOV Rn,@Ri
MOV Rn,#DataMOV Rn,#Data

47. 4747SKB'sSKB's
Data Transfer GroupData Transfer Group
MOV Direct,DirectMOV Direct,Direct
MOV Direct,RnMOV Direct,Rn
MOV Direct,@RiMOV Direct,@Ri
MOV Direct,#DataMOV Direct,#Data
MOV Direct,AMOV Direct,A
MOV @Ri,AMOV @Ri,A
MOV @Ri,#DataMOV @Ri,#Data

48. 4848SKB'sSKB's
Data Transfer GroupData Transfer Group
MOV @Ri,DirectMOV @Ri,Direct
MOV DPTR,#DATA16MOV DPTR,#DATA16
MOVC A,@A+DPTRMOVC A,@A+DPTR
MOVC A,@A+PCMOVC A,@A+PC
MOVX A,@RiMOVX A,@Ri
MOVX @Ri,AMOVX @Ri,A
MOVX @DPTR,AMOVX @DPTR,A

49. 4949SKB'sSKB's
Data Transfer GroupData Transfer Group
PUSH DirectPUSH Direct
POPPOP DirectDirect
XCHXCH A,RnA,Rn
XCHXCH A,DirectA,Direct
XCHXCH A,@RiA,@Ri
XCHD A,@RiXCHD A,@Ri

50. 5050SKB'sSKB's
Instruction SetInstruction Set
5 Groups5 Groups
Arithmetic Operation GroupArithmetic Operation Group
Logical Operation GroupLogical Operation Group
Data Transfer GroupData Transfer Group
Boolean Variable Manipulation GroupBoolean Variable Manipulation Group
Program Branching GroupProgram Branching Group

51. 5151SKB'sSKB's
Boolean Variable Manipulation GroupBoolean Variable Manipulation Group
CLRCLR CC
CLRCLR bitbit
SETBSETB CC
SETB bitSETB bit
CPLCPL CC
CPLCPL bitbit

52. 5252SKB'sSKB's
Boolean Variable Manipulation GroupBoolean Variable Manipulation Group
ANLANL C,bitC,bit
ANLANL C,/bitC,/bit
ORLORL C,bitC,bit
ORLORL C,/bitC,/bit
MOVMOV C,bitC,bit
MOVMOV bit,Cbit,C

53. 5353SKB'sSKB's
Boolean Variable Manipulation GroupBoolean Variable Manipulation Group
JCJC relrel
JNCJNC relrel
JBJB bit,relbit,rel
JNBJNB bit,relbit,rel
JBCJBC bit,relbit,rel

54. 5454SKB'sSKB's
Instruction SetInstruction Set
5 Groups5 Groups
Arithmetic Operation GroupArithmetic Operation Group
Logical Operation GroupLogical Operation Group
Data Transfer GroupData Transfer Group
Boolean Variable Manipulation GroupBoolean Variable Manipulation Group
Program Branching GroupProgram Branching Group

55. 5555SKB'sSKB's
Program Branching GroupProgram Branching Group
ACALLACALL addr11addr11
LCALLLCALL addr16addr16
RETRET
RETIRETI
AJMPAJMP addr11addr11
LJMPLJMP addr16addr16
SJMPSJMP relrel

56. 5656SKB'sSKB's
Program Branching GroupProgram Branching Group
JMPJMP @A+DPTR@A+DPTR
JZJZ relrel
JNZJNZ relrel
CJNECJNE A,Direct,relA,Direct,rel
CJNE A,#Data,relCJNE A,#Data,rel
CJNE Rn,#Data,relCJNE Rn,#Data,rel
CJNE @Ri,#Data,relCJNE @Ri,#Data,rel

57. 5757SKB'sSKB's
Program Branching GroupProgram Branching Group
DJNZ Rn,relDJNZ Rn,rel
DJNZ Direct,relDJNZ Direct,rel
NOPNOP

58. 5858SKB'sSKB's
UNIT - IV

59. 5959SKB'sSKB's
UNIT - IV

60. 6060SKB'sSKB's
82558255
Programmable Peripheral InterfaceProgrammable Peripheral Interface
24 Programmable I/O pins
Three Configurable Ports - A,B & C
BSR Mode
TTL Compatible

61. 6161SKB'sSKB's
82558255
Programmable Peripheral InterfaceProgrammable Peripheral Interface

62. 6262SKB'sSKB's
82558255
Programmable Peripheral InterfaceProgrammable Peripheral Interface

63. 6363SKB'sSKB's
82558255
Programmable Peripheral InterfaceProgrammable Peripheral Interface
A1 A0 Select
0 0 PA
0 1 PB
1 0 PC
1 1 Control reg.

64. 6464SKB'sSKB's
82558255
Programmable Peripheral InterfaceProgrammable Peripheral Interface
Group B
PortC (Lower)
1 = Input
0 = Output
PortB
1 = Input
0 = Output
Mode Selection
0 = Mode 0
1 = Mode 1
Group A
PortC (Upper)
1 = Input
0 = Output
PortA
1 = Input
0 = Output
Mode Selection
00 = Mode 0
01 = Mode 1
1x = Mode 2
D0D0D1D1D2D2D3D3D4D4D5D5D6D6D7D7
Control Word - General
BSR Mode Select
0 = BSR Mode Enabled
1 = BSR Mode Enabled

65. 6565SKB'sSKB's
82798279
Programmable Keyboard / Display InterfaceProgrammable Keyboard / Display Interface
Simultaneous Keyboard & Display Drive
Scanned Keyboard Mode
Scanned Sensor Mode
8-Character Keyboard FIFO
Duel 8 / 16 Numerical Display
R / L Entry 16 bit Display RAM
Mode Programmable From CPU
Programmable Scan Timing
Interrupt Output on Key Entry

66. 6666SKB'sSKB's
Pin Diagram :-
82798279
Programmable Keyboard / Display InterfaceProgrammable Keyboard / Display Interface

67. 6767SKB'sSKB's
Signal Diagram :-
82798279
Programmable Keyboard / Display InterfaceProgrammable Keyboard / Display Interface

68. 6868SKB'sSKB's
Block Diagram :-
82798279
Programmable Keyboard / Display InterfaceProgrammable Keyboard / Display Interface

69. 6969SKB'sSKB's
82518251
Programmable Communication InterfaceProgrammable Communication Interface
Pin Diagram :-

70. 7070SKB'sSKB's
Block Diagram :-
82518251
Programmable Communication InterfaceProgrammable Communication Interface

71. 7171SKB'sSKB's
82518251
Programmable Communication InterfaceProgrammable Communication Interface
Mode Instruction Format

72. 7272SKB'sSKB's
UNIT - V

73. 7373SKB'sSKB's
1) Stepper Motor Control
2) Matrix Keyboard
3) Dynamic 7 Segment Display
4) Analog to Digital converter
5) DC Motor Control
6) LCD Display
7) Serial Data Transfer

74. STEPPER MOTOR CONTROLSTEPPER MOTOR CONTROL
 Stepper MotorStepper Motor
 Winding DiagramWinding Diagram
 SpecificationsSpecifications
 Rotation / Excitation methodsRotation / Excitation methods
 Clockwise / Anti Clockwise SequenceClockwise / Anti Clockwise Sequence
 Single & Multi Winding ExcitationSingle & Multi Winding Excitation
 Driving unit Digital & AnalogDriving unit Digital & Analog

75. STEPPER MOTOR CONTROLSTEPPER MOTOR CONTROL
W1 W2 W3 W4
1 1 0 0
0 0 1 1
1 0 0 1
0 1 1 0
0 0 1 1
1 0 0 1
1 1 0 0
0 1 1 0

76. STEPPER MOTOR CONTROLSTEPPER MOTOR CONTROL

77. MATRIX KEYBOARDMATRIX KEYBOARD
 General Keyboard StructureGeneral Keyboard Structure
 Adv & Disadv of General KeyboardAdv & Disadv of General Keyboard
 Layout of Matrix KeyboardLayout of Matrix Keyboard
 Scanning and Sense LinesScanning and Sense Lines
 Scan SequenceScan Sequence
 Key De-bounce MethodsKey De-bounce Methods

78. MATRIX KEYBOARDMATRIX KEYBOARD
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
 0 #
ScanLinesSenseLines
MATRIXKEYBOARDDRIVER

79. MATRIX KEYBOARDMATRIX KEYBOARD
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
 0 #
RL0
RL1
SL0
RL2
SL1
SL2
SL3
ScanLinesSenseLines

80. MATRIX KEYBOARDMATRIX KEYBOARD
11000000
110000
RL0RL0RL1RL1RL2RL2SL0SL0SL1SL1SL2SL2SL3SL3
001100
000011
11
22
33
00110000
110000
001100
000011
44
55
66
00001100
110000
001100
000011
77
88
99
0000000101
110000
001100
000011

00
##
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
 0 #
RL0
RL1
SL0
RL2
SL1
SL2
SL3
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
 0 #
RL0
RL1
SL0
RL2
SL1
SL2
SL3

81. MATRIX KEYBOARDMATRIX KEYBOARD

82. MATRIX KEYBOARDMATRIX KEYBOARD

83. DYNAMIC 7 SEGMENT DISPLAYDYNAMIC 7 SEGMENT DISPLAY
 Seven Segment DisplaySeven Segment Display
 Eight LEDsEight LEDs
 Two types –Two types – Common Anode & Common CathodeCommon Anode & Common Cathode
 Dynamic Seven Segment DisplayDynamic Seven Segment Display
 Scan SequenceScan Sequence

84. DYNAMIC 7 SEGMENT DISPLAYDYNAMIC 7 SEGMENT DISPLAY
V
Seven Segment Display
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
dp
a b c d e f g dp Common

85. DYNAMIC 7 SEGMENT DISPLAYDYNAMIC 7 SEGMENT DISPLAY

86. DYNAMIC 7 SEGMENT DISPLAYDYNAMIC 7 SEGMENT DISPLAY

87. DYNAMIC 7 SEGMENT DISPLAYDYNAMIC 7 SEGMENT DISPLAY

88. LCD DISPLAYLCD DISPLAY
 Principle of LCDPrinciple of LCD
 16x2 LCD16x2 LCD
 LCD Module –LCD Module – Driver & ScreenDriver & Screen
 RAMRAM
 Character MoldingCharacter Molding
 Display Type –Display Type – Cursor, L/R Entry etcCursor, L/R Entry etc

89. LCD DISPLAYLCD DISPLAY

90. LCD DISPLAYLCD DISPLAY

91. LCD DISPLAYLCD DISPLAY

92. 9292SKB'sSKB's
Pin number Symbol Level I/O Function
1 Vss - - Power supply (GND)
2 Vcc - - Power supply (+5V)
3 Vee - - Contrast adjust
4 RS 0/1 I
0 = Instruction input,
1 = Data input
5 R/W 0/1 I
0 = Write to LCD module,
1 = Read from LCD module
6 E 1, 1->0 I Enable signal
7 DB0 0/1 I/O Data bus line 0 (LSB)
8 DB1 0/1 I/O Data bus line 1
9 DB2 0/1 I/O Data bus line 2
10 DB3 0/1 I/O Data bus line 3
11 DB4 0/1 I/O Data bus line 4
12 DB5 0/1 I/O Data bus line 5
13 DB6 0/1 I/O Data bus line 6
14 DB7 0/1 I/O Data bus line 7 (MSB)

93. LCD DISPLAYLCD DISPLAY