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Current Status and Future Trends of
Global Fisheries & Aquaculture

Felix Dent
Fishery Industry Officer
FIPM
What is...
FAO?
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
 Established to lead international efforts to defeat world hunger
 Acts as a neutral forum to direct global policy
 Gathers and disseminates information about food production and markets
 Provides technical assistance in developing countries
What is...
FAO?
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
 Established to lead international efforts to defeat world hunger
 Acts as a neutral forum to direct global policy
 Gathers and disseminates information about food production and markets
 Provides technical assistance in developing countries
FIPM?
Fish Products, Trade and Marketing service – a branch of the FAO Fisheries
Department
 Deals with fish after they have been caught
 Runs technical assistance projects in developing countries, helps formulate
best practice guidelines
 Gathers and disseminates market information through reports, website
(www.globefish.org), regular publications etc
What is...
FAO?
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
 Established to lead international efforts to defeat world hunger
 Acts as a neutral forum to direct global policy
 Gathers and disseminates information about food production and markets
 Provides technical assistance in developing countries
FIPM?
Fish Products, Trade and Marketing service – a branch of the FAO Fisheries
Department
 Deals with fish after they have been caught
 Runs technical assistance projects in developing countries, helps formulate
best practice guidelines
 Gathers and disseminates market information through reports, website
(www.globefish.org), regular publications etc
Status and Trends of Global Fisheries & Aquaculture

Production
o Aquaculture
o Capture fisheries

Trade and markets
o
o
o
o

Prices & projections
Trade & market trends
Fish & nutrition
Traceability, eco-labels & sustainability
PRODUCTION
Aquaculture vs capture production
1950 - 2012
180
Capture

Aquaculture

160
140

Millions of tonnes

120
100
80
60
40
20
0
1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

Source: FishstatJ & Globefish Highlights (2013)

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

Note: 2011 & 2012 estimated figures
Aquaculture vs capture production
1950 – 2022?
200
Capture

Aquaculture

180
160

Millions of tonnes

140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

Source: FishstatJ , Globefish Highlights (2013) & OECD-FAO Agricultural outlook 2013-2022

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

2020

Note: 2011 & 2012 estimated figures, 2013-2022 projected
World aquaculture production map by major species
2011
Capture fisheries today
Marine Fisheries
 Large proportion either fully utilized or over-exploited
 Limited potential for increased production
In-Land Fisheries
 Some stocks collapsed or collapsing
 But many remain underutilized
 Lack of data
FAO databases on 392 wild stocks

6%

underutilized

20%

moderately utilized

50%

fully utilized

15%

overfished

6%

depleted

2%

recovering

11
TRADE AND MARKETS
GLOBAL SEAFOOD SINCE 1976
Income growth + Urbanisation + Product development
20

35

18

16

30

25

12
20
10
15
8

6

10

4
5
2

0

0

Millions of tonnes

KG per capita per year

14

Fish supply per capita
Seafood exports
World per capita supply of fish by species group
7

6

Kg per capita per year

5

Cephalopods
4

Crustaceans
Demersal Fish
Freshwater Fish

3

Marine Fish, Other
Molluscs, Other
Pelagic Fish

2

1

0
 In many cases, market
development is necessary
to compete in terms of
producer prices

 Use of pelagics for direct
human consumption
increasing
 BUT major stocks such
as anchoveta still utilised
for fishmeal and fish oil

 Shift towards direct
consumption must be
market-driven

 Small pelagics have great
potential as a highly
nutritious, cheap food
source particularly for
nutrient deficient
populations
World per capita fish consumption map by major species group
2009
Global market trends
Strong growth: now 4th biggest importer and biggest exporting country
Steadily increasing per kaput consumption: 31 kg/kaput

long-term growth: # 1 market (EU 28)
rising population and stable consumption at 23 kg/kaput
increasing import dependence

long-term growth, overtaking Japan as # 1 importing country
rising population and stable consumption 24 kg/kaput

long-term decline in fish consumption and imports of meat>fish.
high consumption but falling: 57 kg/kaput
Top Importers and Exporters in 2010, 2011 & 2012
60
* includes intra-EU trade

50

USD billion

40

30

20

10

0
EU-27*

Japan

USA

China

Korea Rep

EU-27*

China

Norway

Thailand

Viet Nam

Source: Globefish Highlights 2013
WTO and fish trade
 159 MEMBER COUNTRIES
 RULES BASED SYSTEM
o
o
o
o

TARIFFS
SPS/TBT
SUBSIDIES
DISPUTE SETTLEMENT

 ROLE OF BILATERAL/PLURILATERAL AGREEMENTS
PRICES
Fish Price Index by Species Group
1990 - 2013
300

250

200

150

100

50

0

Other fish

White fish

Salmon

Shrimp

Pelagic

Tuna
FAO Food Price Index with Pelagics and (all) Fish added
1990 - 2013
450

400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

Food (excl. fish)

Meat (excl. fish)

Dairy

Cereals

Oils

Sugar

Fish
 World fish prices set to rise
strongly
• Strong demand
• Rising production costs
• Slower production growth
 Continuing price volatility

 Fishmeal and fish oil also
prices set to rise
• Rapidly growing aquaculture
sector
• Limited supply
 Long term price differential will
drive substitution away from
traditional ingredients
NUTRITION, TRACEABILITY, ECOLABELS & FAO
Fish & Nutrition
Fish provides many valuable nutrients
 protein
 long-chain omega-3 fatty acids
 fat-soluble vitamins

 minerals like iron, calcium, iodine, zinc & selenium

With numerous health benefits
 (known) reduced risk of cardiac death, aids neurodevelopment in unborn infants
 (probable) reduced risk of stroke, (possible) reduced risk of depression

Which are important in developing countries
 fish provides nutrients where they are most needed
 cheap small pelagics growing component of developing country diets
Traceability in the Supply Chain

Globalization of supply chains (separation of producer and consumer)
+
Concerns about food safety and quality assurance
+
Consumer awareness of fisheries sustainability issues

= Growing need for traceability mechanisms and guidelines

Are costs and benefits equally distributed along the supply chain?
Balance between need for traceability and minimizing unnecessary barriers to trade?
Eco-labeling and Certification

Costs & Benefits
o Fishers bear most of the cost  retailers reap most of the rewards
o Access to new markets
o Stable supply and integrated value chains
Hetkeseis ja tulevikutrendid rahvusvahelises kalanduses ja vesiviljeluses. Felix Dent, FAO
Many new labels: clarification needed
o What is sustainable?
o Transparent connection to producer
FAO response
 Guidelines
o for Eco-Labeling of Fish and Fishery Products from Marine
Capture Fisheries (2005)
o for the Eco-Labeling of Fish and Fishery Products from Inland
Capture Fisheries (2010)
o for Aquaculture Certification (2011)
Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries
 Sets out principles and international standards for responsible practices
with respect to the goals of conservation, management and development

 FAO actively promoting its implementation and monitoring progress

 Internationally agreed but non-binding
CONCLUSIONS
 SUPPLY INCREASES THANKS TO AQUACULTURE
o BUT FISHERIES MANAGEMENT STILL AN ISSUE
 WORLD TRADE IS INCREASING
o BUT SHARE OF 3 BIG MARKETS DECLINING
o ROLE OF CHINA
 FISH AND HUMAN NUTRITION
 PRICES TO RISE STRONGLY
 IMPORTANCE OF TRACEABILITY AND LABELING
THANK YOU

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Hetkeseis ja tulevikutrendid rahvusvahelises kalanduses ja vesiviljeluses. Felix Dent, FAO

  • 1. Current Status and Future Trends of Global Fisheries & Aquaculture Felix Dent Fishery Industry Officer FIPM
  • 2. What is... FAO? Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations  Established to lead international efforts to defeat world hunger  Acts as a neutral forum to direct global policy  Gathers and disseminates information about food production and markets  Provides technical assistance in developing countries
  • 3. What is... FAO? Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations  Established to lead international efforts to defeat world hunger  Acts as a neutral forum to direct global policy  Gathers and disseminates information about food production and markets  Provides technical assistance in developing countries FIPM? Fish Products, Trade and Marketing service – a branch of the FAO Fisheries Department  Deals with fish after they have been caught  Runs technical assistance projects in developing countries, helps formulate best practice guidelines  Gathers and disseminates market information through reports, website (www.globefish.org), regular publications etc
  • 4. What is... FAO? Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations  Established to lead international efforts to defeat world hunger  Acts as a neutral forum to direct global policy  Gathers and disseminates information about food production and markets  Provides technical assistance in developing countries FIPM? Fish Products, Trade and Marketing service – a branch of the FAO Fisheries Department  Deals with fish after they have been caught  Runs technical assistance projects in developing countries, helps formulate best practice guidelines  Gathers and disseminates market information through reports, website (www.globefish.org), regular publications etc
  • 5. Status and Trends of Global Fisheries & Aquaculture Production o Aquaculture o Capture fisheries Trade and markets o o o o Prices & projections Trade & market trends Fish & nutrition Traceability, eco-labels & sustainability
  • 7. Aquaculture vs capture production 1950 - 2012 180 Capture Aquaculture 160 140 Millions of tonnes 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 Source: FishstatJ & Globefish Highlights (2013) 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 Note: 2011 & 2012 estimated figures
  • 8. Aquaculture vs capture production 1950 – 2022? 200 Capture Aquaculture 180 160 Millions of tonnes 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 Source: FishstatJ , Globefish Highlights (2013) & OECD-FAO Agricultural outlook 2013-2022 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 Note: 2011 & 2012 estimated figures, 2013-2022 projected
  • 9. World aquaculture production map by major species 2011
  • 10. Capture fisheries today Marine Fisheries  Large proportion either fully utilized or over-exploited  Limited potential for increased production In-Land Fisheries  Some stocks collapsed or collapsing  But many remain underutilized  Lack of data
  • 11. FAO databases on 392 wild stocks 6% underutilized 20% moderately utilized 50% fully utilized 15% overfished 6% depleted 2% recovering 11
  • 13. GLOBAL SEAFOOD SINCE 1976 Income growth + Urbanisation + Product development 20 35 18 16 30 25 12 20 10 15 8 6 10 4 5 2 0 0 Millions of tonnes KG per capita per year 14 Fish supply per capita Seafood exports
  • 14. World per capita supply of fish by species group 7 6 Kg per capita per year 5 Cephalopods 4 Crustaceans Demersal Fish Freshwater Fish 3 Marine Fish, Other Molluscs, Other Pelagic Fish 2 1 0
  • 15.  In many cases, market development is necessary to compete in terms of producer prices  Use of pelagics for direct human consumption increasing  BUT major stocks such as anchoveta still utilised for fishmeal and fish oil  Shift towards direct consumption must be market-driven  Small pelagics have great potential as a highly nutritious, cheap food source particularly for nutrient deficient populations
  • 16. World per capita fish consumption map by major species group 2009
  • 17. Global market trends Strong growth: now 4th biggest importer and biggest exporting country Steadily increasing per kaput consumption: 31 kg/kaput long-term growth: # 1 market (EU 28) rising population and stable consumption at 23 kg/kaput increasing import dependence long-term growth, overtaking Japan as # 1 importing country rising population and stable consumption 24 kg/kaput long-term decline in fish consumption and imports of meat>fish. high consumption but falling: 57 kg/kaput
  • 18. Top Importers and Exporters in 2010, 2011 & 2012 60 * includes intra-EU trade 50 USD billion 40 30 20 10 0 EU-27* Japan USA China Korea Rep EU-27* China Norway Thailand Viet Nam Source: Globefish Highlights 2013
  • 19. WTO and fish trade  159 MEMBER COUNTRIES  RULES BASED SYSTEM o o o o TARIFFS SPS/TBT SUBSIDIES DISPUTE SETTLEMENT  ROLE OF BILATERAL/PLURILATERAL AGREEMENTS
  • 21. Fish Price Index by Species Group 1990 - 2013 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Other fish White fish Salmon Shrimp Pelagic Tuna
  • 22. FAO Food Price Index with Pelagics and (all) Fish added 1990 - 2013 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Food (excl. fish) Meat (excl. fish) Dairy Cereals Oils Sugar Fish
  • 23.  World fish prices set to rise strongly • Strong demand • Rising production costs • Slower production growth  Continuing price volatility  Fishmeal and fish oil also prices set to rise • Rapidly growing aquaculture sector • Limited supply  Long term price differential will drive substitution away from traditional ingredients
  • 25. Fish & Nutrition Fish provides many valuable nutrients  protein  long-chain omega-3 fatty acids  fat-soluble vitamins  minerals like iron, calcium, iodine, zinc & selenium With numerous health benefits  (known) reduced risk of cardiac death, aids neurodevelopment in unborn infants  (probable) reduced risk of stroke, (possible) reduced risk of depression Which are important in developing countries  fish provides nutrients where they are most needed  cheap small pelagics growing component of developing country diets
  • 26. Traceability in the Supply Chain Globalization of supply chains (separation of producer and consumer) + Concerns about food safety and quality assurance + Consumer awareness of fisheries sustainability issues = Growing need for traceability mechanisms and guidelines Are costs and benefits equally distributed along the supply chain? Balance between need for traceability and minimizing unnecessary barriers to trade?
  • 27. Eco-labeling and Certification Costs & Benefits o Fishers bear most of the cost  retailers reap most of the rewards o Access to new markets o Stable supply and integrated value chains
  • 29. Many new labels: clarification needed o What is sustainable? o Transparent connection to producer
  • 30. FAO response  Guidelines o for Eco-Labeling of Fish and Fishery Products from Marine Capture Fisheries (2005) o for the Eco-Labeling of Fish and Fishery Products from Inland Capture Fisheries (2010) o for Aquaculture Certification (2011)
  • 31. Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries  Sets out principles and international standards for responsible practices with respect to the goals of conservation, management and development  FAO actively promoting its implementation and monitoring progress  Internationally agreed but non-binding
  • 32. CONCLUSIONS  SUPPLY INCREASES THANKS TO AQUACULTURE o BUT FISHERIES MANAGEMENT STILL AN ISSUE  WORLD TRADE IS INCREASING o BUT SHARE OF 3 BIG MARKETS DECLINING o ROLE OF CHINA  FISH AND HUMAN NUTRITION  PRICES TO RISE STRONGLY  IMPORTANCE OF TRACEABILITY AND LABELING