The document discusses using fenestration like skylights and curtain walls to capture and distribute natural light in buildings. It describes different types of fenestration like skylights, curtain walls, and windows and their various applications in architectural design. The document also covers factors to consider like glazing options, thermal performance, and creative design approaches to daylighting.

1. Daylighting with Skylights
and Curtain Wall
The Cube (5th Ave Lofts). M Designs Community Center. Maria Nosova
Venice, CA Copenhagen, Denmark
Using the building fenestration to
capture and distribute natural light

2. COPYRIGHT
This presentation is protected by US and
International Copyright laws. Reproduction,
distribution, display and use of this
presentation
without written permission of the speaker is
prohibited.
© Major Industries, Inc.

3. Major Industries is a Registered Provider with The
American Institute of Architects continuing Education
System. Credit earned on completion of this program
will be reported to CES records for AIA members.
Certificates of Completion for non-AIA members are
available upon request.
The material presented is not to be construed as
endorsed by the AIA in material of construction, method
or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in
any material or product.
Questions related to specific materials,
methods, and services will be addressed
at the conclusion of this presentation.

4. Luis Peris AIA, PE, LEED AP
Principal, LuPe Design www.lupedesign.com
Architectural Product Manager
Romanoski Glass & Glazing
Chairman COTE AIA-Arizona
Both an architect and an engineer, Mr.
Peris is an industry leader in his
knowledge and experience that has
allowed him to serve architectural
projects in a variety of roles throughout
his 20 years of professional practice.
He will not only make sure your design
intent and aesthetics are met but also
that your systems performs as desired.
Providing architectural design solutions
that focus on the ease and richness of
the sensory experience. Life deserves
to be celebrated every day in the places
we inhabit.

5. Synopsys:
Daylighting enclosed spaces has advanced tremendously
since antiquity. The middle ages introduced glass into
churches and monasteries with small openings of
colored glass creating a mood and telling a story.
The current story is of energy efficiency, sleek framing
profiles, large expanses of glass, sun controls, and
multitudes of finishes and surface treatments.
How does glazing compare to other building materials
comprising the building envelope? Can crystal towers
meet current energy codes? And what is it still left to
accomplish in the daylighting arena?

6. Learning Objectives:
 Quick Survey of Daylighting Through History
 Importance of Daylighting
 When is it appropriate to use what kind of fenestration
 Different types of fenestration and their applications
 Creative design
 Energy Considerations in the age of LEED
 Trends in Contemporary Daylighting

7. Learning Objectives:
 Quick Survey of Daylighting Through History
 Importance of Daylighting
 When is it appropriate to use what kind of fenestration
 Different types of fenestration and their applications
 Creative design
 Energy Considerations in the age of LEED
 Trends in Contemporary Daylighting

8. The dark ages
 Satisfying a need: closure, control, connection
 Wood, Metal, Fabric, Skins: water repellant + wind proofing

9. Glass discovered
Mesopotamia 650 BC
first glass cuneiform recipe:
 60 parts sand
 180 parts ash from marine plants
 5 parts chalk
 Heat until melting point

10. Classical architecture
 No real need for enclosure: generous eaves, peristyle setting

11. Roman architecture
 Pompeii and Herculaneum first use of glass for covering a building opening

12. The middle ages
 Structural advancement allows openings on walls, large buttresses outside
 Huge technological advance: Blown cylinder sheet glass, until 19th Century

13. The middle ages
 Crown Glass: 300 AD, larger glass available, better frames of wood and metal

14. The late Gothic
 Venetian glass known for its purity and quality (1400 AD)

15. Pre-Industrial Revolution: Glass Boom
 1687 French roll glass on preheated copper plate, water cooled roller: 6’x4’
 Structural frames have less members but stronger, wrought iron

16. 1800s Improved Production
 1856 Friedrich Siemens doubles the efficiency of the melting furnace
1850 Crystal Palace
 Aluminum produced in 1825 by Danish and chemist Hans Orsted

17. Early 1900s Modernism
 Art Nouveau metal craft, glass block, continuous glass rolling mill

18. Mid 1900s
 1950 Pilkington float glass invented – basis to today’s glass production

19. Modernist crystal palaces
 Engineering advances frees the building skin from loadbearing duties

20. International Style

21. Then something happened in the 80s

22. Late 20st Century:
pushing the envelope (literally)

23. 21st Century: and so very sustainable!

24. Learning Objectives:
 Quick Survey of Daylighting Through History
 Importance of Daylighting
 When is it appropriate to use what kind of fenestration
 Different types of fenestration and their applications
 Creative design
 Energy Considerations in the age of LEED
 Trends in Contemporary Daylighting

25. Physiology of vision

26. • The human retina contains two types of
photoreceptors: rods and cones
• The rods are more numerous, some 120 million,
and are more sensitive than the cones. However,
they are not sensitive to color.
• The 6 to 7 million cones provide the eye's color
sensitivity and they are much more concentrated
in the central yellow spot known as the macula

28. Why is it a good idea?
 Current Cost of Energy
 Model Energy Codes
 Productivity & Daylight
 “Green Design going Mainstream”
 Market Differentiation for “Green” Firms

29. Human Performance
 Up 20% increase in student performance
 Up to 50% reduction in absenteeism
 Rate of recovery increased in hospitals
 Conclusion: We are not indoor animals!

30. Economic Performance
 Over 20 years, 94% of the cost of a
building is in people
 Therefore a 1% gain in productivity is
worth more than a 1% increase in sales
 1% Gain in prod = $4/sf/year in an office
building (more than energy costs)
 Reduce Maint and O&M costs

31. Environmental Performance
 40% of energy used to heat & cool buildings
 An aggressive daylighting strategy can reduce
electrical loads by 30%+
 Reduce Use of Renewable Resources
 Thus, reduce a Myriad of Pollutants

32. How?
 #1 is an Integrated Design Approach
- Daylight strategy
- Interdisciplinary Dialogue
 Reallocation of Construction Dollars from
mechanical systems to daylighting systems.

33. Fundamentals
 High QUALITY footcandles. May mean a
reduction in the amount of glass
 Use High Performance Glass
 Protect Glass (Ground is the light shelf)
 Control Luminance Ratios

34. Begins with the Design
 Building orientation
 Glazing type
 Passive and Active Devices
 Sun Controls

36. Daylight Modeling
Daylighting Worksheet
Prototype Comparison: Base Case vs Prototype 3, Level 2
16 classroom unit, 2 story, external circulation
BASE CASE
Space Number Tons Each Tons Total CFM Each CFM Total kW Each kW Total $/Year $/yr Total
North CRs 8 3.16 25.3 756 6,048 7.00 56.0 $ 1,088 $ 8,704
South CRs 8 3.36 26.9 1116 8,928 7.38 59.0 $ 1,126 $ 9,008
Totals 52.2 Tons 14,976 CFM 115.0 kW Peak $ 17,712
Prototype 1- 3, Level 2
Space Number Tons Each Tons Total CFM Each CFM Total kW Each kW Total $/Year $/yr Total
North CRs 8 2.81 22.5 619 4,952 5.50 44.0 $ 742 $ 5,936
South CRs 8 2.89 23.1 637 5,096 5.63 45.0 $ 751 $ 6,008
Totals 45.6 Tons 10,048 CFM 89.0 kW Peak $ 11,944
Improvements: -14% reduction -33% reduction -23% reduction -33%
Savings: multizone system (@$2300/Ton) $ 15,088 Additions: Glass ($137 * 16) $ 2,192
33%reduction in fan power Overhang ($100/lf x 32 lf x 8) $ 25,600
= .33/0.50 x 0.33 x $1.15 x 14336 sf = $ 3,581 Photosensors ($148 x 16) $ 2,368
R Shades ($100 x 8)
oller $ 800
TOTAL SAVINGS $ 18,669 TOTAL COST ADDERS $ 30,160
Summary:
For approx $11,491 (or $718 per classroom, less than $0.80/sf ) we have achieved a superior learning environment w/ increased efficiency.
The building will save approximately $5,768 in operating costs alone the first year.
W a central plant estimated at approx. $4300/Ton and a 7 ton reduction, the same results will be achieved with a $3,521 SAVINGS
ith

37. Prototype Comparison
$35,434
250.0 $40,000
kWpeak*
$29,890
$29,628
$29,516
Annual Cost $35,000
$26,602
200.0
$23,882
$23,240
$30,000
150.0 $25,000
$20,000
$12,182
100.0 $15,000
$10,000
50.0
$5,000
230 198 200 190 204 178 180 70
0.0 $-
Base
Proto 1-1
Proto 1-2 Level 1
Proto 1-2 Level 2
Proto 1-3 Level 1
Proto 1-3 Level 2
Proto 1-4
Proto 1-3 Level 2
2-Story Module, 16
Classrooms

38. Illuminance Calculations

39. Capistrano Study Classrooms
from Heschong & Mahone Report

40. Learning Objectives:
 Quick Survey of Daylighting Through History
 Importance of Daylighting
 When is it appropriate to use what kind of fenestration
 Different types of fenestration and their applications
 Creative design
 Energy Considerations in the age of LEED
 Trends in Contemporary Daylighting

41. Glazing Systems
• Curtain walls
• Windows
• Skylights
Harron School of Art. Browning Day Mullins & Dierdorf
Indianapolis, IN
City College of San
Francisco. K2A Pinegree Center for Autism. Max J Smith and Associates
San Francisco, CA Salt Lake City, UT

42. Curtain Wall Applications
• Allows natural light to enter the building
• Creates a lighter more voluminous appearing structure
Ellis Davis Field House. HKS
Dallas, TX

43. Curtain Wall and Window Combination
• Allows natural ventilation as well as large areas of
fenestration to let in natural light
Cedarburg High School. Plunkett
Rayisch Architects Center 58 High School. DLR
Cedarburg, WI Kansas City. MO

44. Curtain Wall and Window Combination
• Breaks up the façade without taking away natural
lighting away from coming into the spaces
Cedarburg High School.
Plunkett Rayisch Architects
Cedarburg, WI

45. Skylights
• Types
• Styles
• Features

46. Skylight Types
Unit Skylights
• Pre-assembled at the
factory
• Ready to install
• Standard sized
• Value priced with acrylic DeAnza College. tBP Architecture
Cupertino, CA
or polycarbonate
Engineered Skylights
• Allow freedom and
flexibility in design and
materials

47. Skylight
Styles
•Pyramids
•Polygons
•Barrel
Vaults
•Domes
•Custom South Cedar Hills High School. Sandstrom Architects
South Cedar Hills, UT
Headworks Digester Plant.
Blue Harbor Resort. ADCI Inc HDR Engineering
Sheboigan, WI Las Vegas, NV

48. Skylight Features
• Slopes
4/12, 6/12, 8/12, 12/12 and custom
• Thermally Broken
Frames, rafters, and grid core
• Water Management
Weeps, gutters, gasketing, sealants
• Coatings
Used to prevent corrosion
Army Reserve. RSP Architects
Green Bay, WI

49. Learning Objectives:
 Quick Survey of Daylighting Through History
 Importance of Daylighting
 When is it appropriate to use what kind of fenestration
 Different types of fenestration and their applications
 Creative design
 Energy Considerations in the age of LEED
 Trends in Contemporary Daylighting

50. Glazing Options
• Acrylic
• Multiwall Polycarbonate
• Translucent Fiberglass Reinforced Polymers Panel
Systems
• Glass

51. Acrylic
• Used for lower budget
applications
• Easily damaged by
chemicals
• Gets brittle with age
• Short life expectancy
(10-12 years)

52. Multiwall Polycarbonate
• Used for lower budget
applications
• Lesser dimensional
stability
• Susceptible to
scratching
• Good impact strength
• Good energy efficiency
• Available in a variety of
colors
• Medium life expectancy
(15-18 years) Blue Harbor Resort. ADCI Inc
Sheboigan, WI

53. Translucent RFP Panel Systems
• High strength and light weight
• Diffuses light (no glare) Hargrave High School. PBK Architects
• Excellent shading Huffman, TX
coefficients
• Highly energy efficient
• Available in many colors
• Available in 5’x20’ sizes
• Excellent life expectancy
(25 years +)
• High quality light: built-in
sun management

54. Army Reserve. RSP Architects
Green Bay, WI
Glass
• Allows direct sunlight to
penetrate interior spaces
• Can create glare
• Hot spot potential
• Heaviest weight material
• Longest lasting
• Most expensive

55. Optimum Service Life
Cost per Square Foot
$$$$$
Laminated Glass and
Tempered Glass
$$$$
$$$ FRP Sandwich Panel
$$
Structural Multi-Wall
Thermoformed
$ Polycarbonate
Acrylic
5 10 15 20 30
Skylight life expectancy in years
*Please note that all skylights require new gasketing, significant
maintenance and/or new glazing approximately every 25 years

56. Thermal conductivity k is the property of a
material reflecting its ability to conduct.
For a material of thermal conductivity k, area
A, and thickness t:
• Thermal resistance
R-value = t/k
• Thermal transmittance
U-value = 1/(Σ(t/k)) + convection + radiation
The heat transfer coefficient is also known as
thermal admittance

57. Performance – U-Value Comparison
Material R-value U-Value
Vacuum insulated panel 30.00 0.03
Silica aerogel 10.00 0.10
Polyurethane rigid panel 8.00 0.13
Polyisocyanurate spray foam 6.50 0.15
Translucent fiberglass sandwich panel - 4" 6.67 0.15
Thinsulate clothing insulation 5.75 0.17
High-density fiberglass batts 5.00 0.20
Air-entrained concrete 3.90 0.26
Cotton batts (Blue Jean insulation) 3.70 0.27
Icynene spray 3.60 0.28
Cardboard 4.00 0.25
Insulated Glass Unit - tripple glazed 2.70 0.37
Perlite loose-fill 2.70 0.39
Wood panels, such as sheathing 2.50 0.40
Translucent fiberglass sandwich panel - 2.75" 2.00 0.50
Straw bale 1.45 0.69
Insulated Glass Unit - double glazed 1.43 0.70
Snow 1.00 1.00
Single pane glass 0.82 1.22
Hardwood 0.71 1.41
Poured concrete 0.08 12.50

58. Learning Objectives:
 Quick Survey of Daylighting Through History
 Importance of Daylighting
 When is it appropriate to use what kind of fenestration
 Different types of fenestration and their applications
 Creative design
 Energy Considerations in the age of LEED
 Trends in Contemporary Daylighting

59. Creative Design • Style
• Type
• Variation
Macomb Community College. Integrated Design Solutions
Clinton Township, MI

60. Creative Design
CityBank. Clune Construction
Hoffman Estates, IL

61. Creative Design
Mercy Medical Center. HGA Architects
Oshkosh, WI

62. Creative Design
Balboa Park Activity Center. Wheeler Wimer Blackburn
San Diego, CA

63. Creative Design
Iowa Beef Products. TSP Architects The Gateway Building.
Dakota Dunes, SD Rothschild, WI

64. Creative Design
Millennium Hotel
Quinones Rodriguez
Taller Borinquen
San Juan, Puerto Rico
Moore Hall Lobby. Kansas State University Jodo Shishu. Hayashida Architects
Manhattan, KS Berkeley, CA

65. Creative Design Color variation
Living Word Church. Bruce McMillan
Manhattan, KS
Living Word Church. Bruce McMillan Living Word Church. Bruce McMillan
Manhattan, KS Manhattan, KS

66. Creative Design Color variation
MTM. TJK Architects
Verona, WI
Sam’s Club. Raymond H Harris AIA Fleet Farm. Widseth Smith Nolting
Vernon Hills, IL Owatanna, MN

67. Creative Design
Mitchell Technology Center,
Hartman, Miller, Sellers & Heroux Architects
Mitchell, SD
The Cube (5th Ave Lofts). M Designs
Venice, CA

68. Learning Objectives:
 Quick Survey of Daylighting Through History
 Importance of Daylighting
 When is it appropriate to use what kind of fenestration
 Different types of fenestration and their applications
 Creative design
 Energy Considerations in the age of LEED
 Trends in Contemporary Daylighting

69. LEED
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
 Sustainable Sites – 26 points
Water Efficiency – 10 points
Energy + Atmosphere – 35 points
Materials + Resources – 14 points
Indoor Environmental Quality – 15 points
100 points
Innovation in Design – 6 points
Regional Priority – 4 points
10 points

70. LEED points
MATERIALS & RESOURCES
MR4 - Recycled Content: The percentage, by weight, of material
recovered from solid waste streams and incorporated into a
building material. Pre-Consumer recycled content comes from
industrial or manufacturing operations before the end product
goes to the consumer market. Post-Consumer recycled content
is material recovered once the product has fulfilled its use by
the consumer. The number used for this category is the
percentage of post-consumer recycled content + ½ of the
percentage of pre-consumer recycled content.
LEED Credit MR4.1 Recycled Content 10% 1 point
LEED Credit MR4.2 Recycled Content 20% 2 points
(1 point + MR4.1)

71. LEED points
MATERIALS & RESOURCES
MR5 - Regional Materials: Material extracted, mined, harvested
or recovered and manufactured within a 500-mile radius from
the project site.
LEED Credit MR5.1 Regional Materials 10% 1 point
LEED Credit MR5.1 Regional Materials 20% 2 points
(1 point + MR5.1)

72. LEED points
INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
IEQ8 - Daylight & Views: A direct visual connection to the
outdoors enhances human performance. Studies have shown
up 20% increase in student performance, up to 50% reduction in
corporate absenteeism, and increased rate of recovery in
hospitals due to the benefits of such visual connection to the
outdoors. Additionally, daylighting will significantly reduce
mechanical and electrical use: 40% of energy used to heat &
cool buildings, a comprehensive daylighting strategy can reduce
electrical loads by 30%.
LEED Credit IEQ8.1 Daylight in 75% of Spaces 1 point
LEED Credit IEQ8.2 Outdoor Views in90% of Spaces 2 points
(1 point + IEQ8.1)

73. LEED points
INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
IEQ2 – Increased Ventilation: 1 point is awarded for providing
increased outdoor ventilation rates to all occupied spaces by at
least 30% above the minimum rates required by ASHRAE 62.1-
2007. Operable vents achieve this point when designed in
coordination with the mechanical system strategy for outdoor
ventilation.

74. LEED points
ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT
EA1 – Optimize Energy Performance: Up to 19 points are
available for projects that exceed the baseline requirements for
building energy performance, the number of points increases as
the energy costs are reduced. Most LEED track glazing products
are high-performance glazing in thermally-broken framing. This
improves the thermal performance of the assembly and
effectively maintain interior ambient temperatures regardless of
exterior conditions. Not only contributing to thermal comfort of
the building occupants but also reducing overall operating
mechanical costs.

75. Learning Objectives:
 Quick Survey of Daylighting Through History
 Importance of Daylighting
 When is it appropriate to use what kind of fenestration
 Different types of fenestration and their applications
 Creative design
 Energy Considerations in the age of LEED
 Trends in Contemporary Daylighting

76. The new generation: new structures
Carbon Fiber Structural Components:
•Lighter than Aluminum
•Stiffer than Titanium
•Stronger than steel

77. The new generation: smart glass

78. 2010 Skyscrapers

79. Daylighting with Skylights
and Curtain Wall
The Cube (5th Ave Lofts). M Designs CommCopenhagenunity Center.
Venice, CA Maria Nosova, Denmark
Using the building fenestration to
capture and distribute natural light
Questions and Answers

80. Thank You for Participating
7120 Stewart Ave., Wausau, WI 54401
888-759-2678, info@majorskylights.com
www.majorskylights.com

81. Major Industries, Inc. is a Registered Provider with
The American Institute of Architects Continuing
Education Systems
Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to
CES Records for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for
non-AIA members are available on request.
This program is registered with the AIA/CES for
continuing professional education
As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or
construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any
material of construction or any method or manner of handling,
using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product.
Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services
will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.

82. Your One-Stop Source for Daylighting Solutions
Luis Peris AIA, PE, LEED AP
Architectural Product Manager - Southern CA
Luis can be contacted on his cell phone at 818.355.1781 or by email at
lperis@romanoskiglass.com to review and discuss your project’s glazing
needs and the most effective daylighting strategy.