Neo4j - How KGs are shaping the future of Generative AI at AWS Summit London ...
Stover Update 3
1. Machinery Innovations to Meet Biomass Harvesting
Demands in Expanding United States Markets
Dr. Matt Darr, Iowa State University
2. First Generation Biorefinery Scale
• 30 MGPY of liquid fuel
production
• 80 gallons of liquid ethanol
fuel per ton of biomass
• 900,000 large square bales
per year (3ft x 4ft x 8ft)
• 1 bale processed every 30
seconds
• 25,000 semi trucks of bales
delivered
• 45,000 tons of ash
byproduct
Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
3. Iowa State’s Role with
Biorefinery Development
• Support biorefineries with key technical
information on all aspects of a corn stover biomass
supply chain.
• Support producers in understanding the
management of corn stover production.
• Support growth in key service areas to enable job
creation and supply chain efficiencies.
Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
5. Innovations to Empower Step
Changes in Supply Chain Costs
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Increased harvest rate through
baler machinery innovations.
Increased unit package density
through technology enhancements
and operational excellence.
New machine forms which
eliminate passes through the field.
High capacity transportation
systems.
Telematics business rule
integration to ensure efficiency
gains.
Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
7. New Machine Forms:
Single Pass Harvesting
Benefits
• Direct baling of corn stover
eliminate soil contamination and
reduces ash content from ~10% to
less than 4%.
• Windrowing pass is eliminated and
baling operator and tractor are also
eliminated.
Challenges
• High feedstock moisture content
requires special handling.
• Reduces peak grain harvest capacity
of the combine.
Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
8. New Machine Forms:
Windrowing Corn Headers
Benefits
• Creates a windrow with the
combine and allows higher
collection efficiency of cobs.
• Reduces ash content from ~10%
to ~7%.
• Eliminates windrowing pass and
maximizes harvest collection rate.
Challenges
• High feedstock moisture content
requires special handling.
• Requires close coupling of baling
systems to collect feedstock in a
timeline manner.
• Complicates grain unloading
logistics.
Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
12. Direct Impacts of Telemetry in a
Production Supply Chain
• Supply Chain Benefits
– Directly reduce feedstock
production costs.
– Directly reduced capital
equipment requirements.
– Guide new production crews
towards improved operating
efficiencies.
– Provide informed decisions on
crew performance.
– Provide traceability of
feedstocks and improved
inventory management.
Telematics Features
•
•
•
•
•
•
ISOBUS Interface
GPS Interface
Cellular Modem
Wifi
Data Logging
Direct Business Rule Software
Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
13. Multiyear Case Study Research on
Biomass Production Costs
• 100,000 ac corn stover harvest
conducted in partnership with
DuPont Cellulosic Ethanol.
• 160,000 tons of corn stover
production monitored for
feedstock quality and machinery
productivity analysis.
• Key Results:
– In depth technoeconomic model
– Selection of optimized harvest
equipment configurations
– Implementation of technology to
directly target cost reduction
strategies
Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
14. Cost of Biorefinery Gate
Delivered Corn Stover
~30% for
Transportation
~30% for
Harvesting
~21%
~$122/std. Mg
Annual Working Capital:
~$45.6 millions/yr
Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
15. Sensitivity Analysis: Corn Stover
Supply Chain Costs
Top 4 highest supply chain
cost influencer related to
baling operation
10 out of 15 top supply chain cost influencers related to
feedstock supply operations
(i.e., Production-specific parameters)
decrease by
~$22/std. Mg
Bale density
alone can
decrease
supply chain
cost by
~$8/std. Mg
increase by
~$29/std. Mg
Bale density
alone can
increase
supply chain
cost by
~$9/std. Mg
Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
