A survey and recommendation report that expanded into broader sustainability initiatives.

1. Luxury Flats Energy Survey
Identifying energy waste throughout the Luxury Flats complex
Surveyed by: Phil Evans
Report Prepared by: Phil Evans
Survey Date: 26th March 2012

2. Executive Summary
This report has been written following a site survey conducted on the 26 th March 2012. A visual
inspection of building fabric and building services has been undertaken and it is clear that they
are operating within their design parameters.
There are a number of energy-saving measures that can be implemented, without incurring
additional costs. To realize more energy savings, it is advisable to improve the availability of
usage data and to monitor that data.
Although several renewable technologies are technically viable, they would have limited impact
on the overall energy performance and would require full cooperation from all stakeholders of
the development.
1. Reduce time delay function on all lighting movement sensors to minimum setting
2. Ensure leisure centre facilities are not left running out of hours
3. Install electricity sub metering on leisure centre supply for closer monitoring
4. Air Conditioning Inspection Reports are a legal requirement
5. Ensure Energy Performance Certificates are available for any sale or rent of flats
6. Consider installing a Building Management System to control all energy using
equipment and systems.
7. Install an insulated pool cover
Luxury Flats is a luxury development and the services delivered as part of a residents agreement
means that the energy consumed is similar to a medium size boutique hotel. The leisure centre is
energy intensive and with its hours of operation there are only a small number of energy savings
initiatives that would make it more efficient.
The age of the development means it would not be cost-effective to replace plant and equipment
for at least another five to 10 years on the basis of improving energy performance. The measures
recommended in this report will reduce energy wastage and will prevent further wastage
through close monitoring, but there would be investment required in retrofitting solutions.
The biggest impact to date in reducing the impact of energy consumption has been by Esskay
Management Services, with their work in negotiating an electricity contract that has realized a
significant saving in energy costs.
Accurate costings of the various options can be undertaken if the residents and other
stakeholders express an interest. Please contact Phil Evans of Green Bridge to discuss the
options or for more detailed analysis and costing.
2

3. Contents
Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................. 2
Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 5
The Scope of Work........................................................................................................................... 5
Pre-Survey Information Requirements ....................................................................................... 5
Scope of work: ............................................................................................................................. 5
Deliverable: .................................................................................................................................. 5
Factors affecting delivery ............................................................................................................ 5
Site Details ....................................................................................................................................... 6
Contacts ....................................................................................................................................... 6
Energy Costs & Consumption .......................................................................................................... 7
Electricity Bills .............................................................................................................................. 7
Electricity Consumption............................................................................................................... 7
Electricity Costs ............................................................................................................................ 8
Legislation ........................................................................................................................................ 9
Energy Performance of Buildings Regulations ........................................................................... 9
Energy Act 2011 ........................................................................................................................... 10
Feed-in Tariff (FIT)....................................................................................................................... 10
Renewable Heat Incentive (RHI) ................................................................................................ 10
Green Deal ................................................................................................................................... 10
Building Fabric..................................................................................................................................11
Roof ..............................................................................................................................................11
Walls .............................................................................................................................................11
Floor .............................................................................................................................................11
Glazing ..........................................................................................................................................11
Passive Design ..............................................................................................................................11
Insulation......................................................................................................................................11
Air Leakage and Draughts .......................................................................................................... 12
Building Services ............................................................................................................................. 13
Lighting ....................................................................................................................................... 13
Heating ........................................................................................................................................ 13
Air Conditioning .......................................................................................................................... 13
3

4. Domestic Hot Water ................................................................................................................... 14
Small Power/Office Equipment .................................................................................................. 14
Car Park Lighting ......................................................................................................................... 14
Leisure Centre ............................................................................................................................. 14
Metering...................................................................................................................................... 15
Sub Metering............................................................................................................................... 15
Building Management Systems .................................................................................................. 16
Sustainability ................................................................................................................................... 17
Renewable & Low Carbon Technologies ................................................................................... 17
Biodiversity.................................................................................................................................. 18
Conclusion ....................................................................................................................................... 19
4

5. Introduction
Following telephone conversations with Mr X, a resident at Luxury Flats and staff of YYY
Management Services, I submitted a proposal to conduct an Energy Survey. Mr. X, representing
the Residents Committee expressed concern over the amount of energy being consumed (and
subsequent expense) in the communal areas.
I was formally issued with an instruction to proceed by Mr. Y of YYY Management Services on 2nd
March 2012 and agreed to conduct the survey on 26th March 2012.
The Scope of Work
I requested the following information prior to the survey, but it was not available. It meant that
the required information had to be gathered during the survey.
Pre-Survey Information Requirements
1. Floor plans (CAD or pdf)
2. Confirmation of floor areas (sqm or sqft)
3. Copies of electricity and gas bills for minimum of 12 months
4. A letter of authority allowing me to contact utility providers on your behalf (to request
half hourly data)
5. List of meters and sub meters
6. Engineering maintenance service provider contact information
Scope of work:
1. One day site survey to include:
a. Walkthrough of communal areas, leisure complex, all associated plant rooms and
rooftop to basement areas.
b. Metering cupboards
c. Assessment of energy performance of ‘typical’ flat
2. One day desk-top study of:
a. Half-hour data
b. Utility bills
c. Design drawings
d. Engineering maintenance records
Deliverable:
1. Energy Performance Summary Report to include:
a. Standard benchmarking exercise
b. Analysis of HH data
c. Prioritized list of energy saving opportunities
Factors affecting delivery
Access to all areas on day of survey.
Availability/accuracy of on-site information
Cooperation of utility service providers
Availability of engineering maintenance service provider
5

6. Site Details
Flats 1 - 21
Luxury Flats
Hampstead Lane
N6 4RU
Block A: Flats 1-7
Block B: Flats 8-15
Block C: Flats 16-21
Block A Block B Block C
Basement
Contacts
Mr. Z in the Concierge Team made himself available during the day and proved to be very helpful
with a good working knowledge of Luxury Flats.
Mr. Y of YYY Management Services
The address and phone number
Green Bridge
Phil Evans
Mobile: 0784791829
Telephone: 02082579451
Email: phil.evans@greenbridgeservices.com
6

7. Energy Costs & Consumption
Electricity Bills
The Landlord electricity supply for Luxury Flats has been provided by EDF Energy since January
2012, an action undertaken by Esskay Management Services. Prior to this, Eon supplied the
development and judging by the high unit rates,
there had been no action taken to negotiate a more Electricity Cost Improvement
competitive contract arrangement, since the supply Day Rate/kWh Night Rate/kWh
was first connected to the site. £0.250
£0.229
Cost/kWh
£0.200
£0.147
Unit Rates £0.150
£0.100
£0.093
£0.061
There is a day/night tariff for the supply, which £0.050
£-
means that the charge for every kWh of energy Eon pre-2012
EDF 2012
consumed between midnight and 07:00 costs 6p
and for every other hour of day the cost is 9.2p. I can
confirm that these rates are competitive and there is little benefit to be had in looking to
negotiate a better contract rate at this time.
A 50% improvement in electricity unit cost has been achieved with the new EDF contract in 2012
Power Factor
The power factor of a supply is an indication of energy waste. As confirmed from the electricity
bills, the power factor is 0.99 which means that there are virtually no energy losses in the supply
and therefore no wastage.
Electricity Consumption
With limited availability of historic billing information, it is not possible to make any firm
conclusions about the Landlord supply consumption pattern. However, the following points have
been drawn:
Since the start of 2012 there has been on average a 50% increase in electricity usage, in both
day and night units. The reason for the increase
cannot be determined and might actually be Electricity Used
40000
considered normal for this time of year. 35000
30000
Day
Crucially, the missing data for November and 25000
Units
used
December could indicate if the increase is
kWh
20000
15000
Night
seasonal and the subsequent need for more 10000 Units
used
heating (electric) in the winter months. 5000
0
There have been no changes to plant and
equipment during this period and so it is
reasonable to assume that the improved level of service provided by Esskay has required
more electricity to be used.
7

8. Sub metering of energy intensive services (i.e. leisure centre) would help to pinpoint the
source of the increase and once found, the reasons could be established.
There are many factors influencing electricity use over a 12 month period; these include
occupancy patterns, seasonality, temperature and other weather conditions, plant and
equipment performance, maintenance regimes, operating requirements etc.
Electricity Costs
Since YYY Management Services changed
supplier at the start of the year it is clear Electricity Costs
£7,000.00
that the cost for the electricity used has £6,000.00
decreased significantly. The average cost £5,000.00 Night
Cost
per unit is now more than half the rate paid £4,000.00
£3,000.00
with the previous Eon supply. The full Day
£2,000.00
impact of this saving will be fully Cost
£1,000.00
appreciated after 12 months when a £-
comparison can be made between 2011 and
2012.
8

9. Legislation
The owner of the building has a duty under the requirements of the Building Regulations to keep
full plans, approval notice and any completion certificates for the work that has been carried out.
These are as important as the original deeds of the property and lack of availability may cause
difficulties if the development was to be sold. This is unlikely to affect individual flat transactions,
but it would be advantageous for a set of documents to be held on site.
The development was completed in 2009 and although it cannot be confirmed which version of
the Building Regulations was complied with, it is reasonable to assume that a good level of
energy efficiency was required for the building material and construction process. There would
have been no requirement at this time to produce Energy Performance Certificates.
Energy Performance of Buildings Regulations
Energy Performance Certificates (EPC)
There are no Energy
It is a legal requirement for any property owner who intends to
Performance Certificates
sell or lease a property to have an EPC produced. Recent registered for Luxury Flats
changes to the Regulations mean that it is now essential that
the EPC is ready and available for any prospective purchaser.
The theory being that energy performance is a factor in making
a decision about purchasing a property.
Although there are flats being
advertised for sale, there are no
official records of EPCs existing for
any one of the 21 flats on the
Landmark Register. Any flat that is
currently being advertised for sale
needs to have an EPC prepared
without delay. It is the responsibility
of the vendor to provide an EPC to a prospective purchaser.
Air Conditioning Inspections (ACI)
Another component of the Regulations relevant to Luxury
Flats is the need for an ACI. Each flat and parts of the The Leisure Centre and each flat
communal area are air conditioned and as all units have more than 12kW of air
surveyed are well over 12kW output an ACI is needed. The conditioning. It is a legal
requirement for this to be
trigger for an ACI is not linked to sale or lease of property,
inspected.
it is purely if you have it or not. However, as it is a legal
requirement, there is the possibility that a transaction
may be delayed until an ACI can be provided.

10. Energy Act 2011
On Tuesday, 18th October 2011, the Energy Bill received Royal Assent and became the Energy Act
2011. The Act provides for a step change in the provision of energy efficiency measures to homes
and businesses, and makes improvements to the framework to enable and secure low-carbon
energy supplies and fair competition in the energy markets
Feed-in Tariff (FIT)
The Feed-in Tariffs (FITs) scheme was introduced on 1st April 2010, following successful lobbying
efforts by the REA, Friends of the Earth and others.
The purpose of the FITs, is to encourage deployment of small-scale (less than 5MW) renewable
electricity generation. The technologies currently covered by the FITs are: solar photovoltaics
(PV), hydro, anaerobic digestion (AD), wind and domestic scale microCHP.
The goal of the FITs is to encourage the increased uptake of investment in small-scale renewable
electricity by providing financial incentives for each kWh generated. Following the installation
and commissioning of the installation, generators receive a guaranteed payment from the
electricity supplier of their choice for the electricity they generate and use, as well as a
guaranteed payment for unused surplus electricity they export back to the grid.
Renewable Heat Incentive (RHI)
The RHI is a tariff scheme similar to the FITs, payable to energy users generating their own
renewable heat.
The first phase of the scheme is targeted at the non-domestic sectors and at the big heat users in
the industrial, business and public sector and came in to force at the end of November 2011. A
range of technologies are supported including: air source heat pumps, biomass boilers, solar
thermal, and ground and water source heat pumps.
The second phase of the RHI scheme should see it expanded to include more technologies and
include support for households. No consultation has as yet been published but this transition is
aimed to be timed to align with the Green Deal, which is due to be introduced in the autumn of
2012.
Green Deal
The Energy Act 2011 creates a new financing framework to enable the provision of fixed
improvements to the energy efficiency of households and non-domestic properties, funded by a
charge on energy bills that avoids the need for consumers to pay upfront costs
10

11. Building Fabric
As the property is relatively new, there is little scope for making improvements to the overall
structure as the cost implications would not justify it at this time. Consideration should be given
to enhancing the thermal efficiency of the building envelope during major refurbishment.
Roof
Flat roofs are used on each block and the main consideration is to ensure that rainwater
penetration is prevented by removing any weed/uncontrolled plant growth. The roof area is
relatively small in comparison with the overall floor area of the three blocks.
Walls
The walls will be of cavity wall construction with a stone cladding finish. It is assumed that the
materials used and the thermal transmittance will meet at least 2006 building regulations,
meaning that a good standard of thermal comfort will be realized.
Floor
Each flat has underfloor heating. It is assumed that the communal areas do not have underfloor
heating as electric panel radiators are installed in corridors, foyers and lift lobbies.
Glazing
Double-glazing is fitted throughout and is one area that could be
considered for improving energy performance with a retro-fit
solution. The leisure centre has a large amount of glazing and has
more than 30kW of air conditioning installed to control the
internal environment. The air conditioning has to counteract the
effects of high levels of solar gain as well as the heat generated
by equipment and gym users.
It would be possible to consider an external solar shading system
in this area that would stop excessive solar gain, without
impacting on natural light levels. Alternatively, the windows could
be fitted with solar reflective film, but this would tint the glass,
which may not be acceptable to residents.
External shading solutions are unlikely to be a feasible option for the flats, but if south facing
facades would benefit from solar shading film.
Passive Design
Each flat and some parts of the communal area are air conditioned. Natural ventilation is
available from open-able windows within each flat. There are no other sources of natural
ventilation within the development.
Insulation
It is assumed that building regulations-compliant levels of insulation have been installed. To
confirm this would require access to design and construction information. However, the option
11

12. for retrofitting higher specification insulation is not considered an option, due to the high levels
of disruption involved and the relatively low impact it would have.
Air Leakage and Draughts
Evidence of a building pressure test was not available, but with the extensive use of air
conditioning it would be beneficial to undertake such a test to reduce the loss of conditioned air,
thereby reducing the use of the system and associated cost.
Doors and windows should be checked for signs of wear on integrated draughtproofing to
ensure that conditioned air is not lost and external air is only brought into the blocks in a
controlled manner.
12

13. Building Services
Lighting
The lighting in the communal areas is provided via a number
of low energy fittings. The low level corridor lighting has one
11W compact fluorescent lamp per fitting. These are not
controlled by the movement sensors fitted in the ceilings.
The movement sensors have been identified by the
Maintenance and Concierge teams as being an opportunity
for energy saving. During the survey, I observed that there
was infrequent use of the communal corridors and the time
delay could be reduced to the minimum available time.
An adjustment in the time delay function will require re-
setting on each individual unit by the Maintenance team. The
energy savings will not have a significant effect on reducing
energy waste as low energy lighting is used throughout.
The existing lighting could be replaced with more efficient
LED technology, but considering the already high efficiency of
the existing system, any slight improvement would not be
justifiable in terms of cost.
Heating
The communal corridors, lift lobbies and foyers have electric panel heaters; controlled by the
Concierge team, although they do have an in-built timer
option. None of the heaters were in operation on the day of
the survey and the
Concierge team confirmed
that they were manually
controlled with best
practice and energy
efficiency in mind.
Air Conditioning
Every flat has an air conditioning system, as does the leisure
centre with three units in the gym and one wall mounted
unit in each of the changing rooms. The standard capacity
of each unit is 22.4kw, which means that an air conditioning
inspection it required.
13

14. Domestic Hot Water
The leisure centre has its own sub metered gas supply with a boiler providing pool heating and
hot water for the changing rooms.
Small Power/Office Equipment
The Concierge team has a small staff room/kitchen with standard kitchen equipment. There are
also toilet and shower room facilities. The Concierge team has computers and a small amount of
office equipment for their daily duties. The energy consumed by this equipment is relatively small
and is not considered to be a major contributor to energy wastage.
Car Park Lighting
The Maintenance team has confirmed that
the movement sensor controls could be
adjusted to ensure that lights were not in
use for long periods of time. The lights were
on for the duration of the survey with
infrequent use of the car park during the
day.
There are ~56No. twin 58watt fluorescent tubes which is a lighting load of 6.5kW. With the time
delay set as it is; the lights could be on for as much as 20 hours a day. The annual expenditure for
the car park lighting is in the region of £4,200.
Car Park Maintenance
Whilst surveying the lighting levels in the car park, I noted a staff member using a pressure
washer to clean the floor of the car park. The equipment being was a standard pressure washing
lance and as the area being cleaned was a large area, it is not fit for purpose. As a result, more
electricity, water, time and effort are required to maintain an acceptable level of cleanliness. The
use of a suitable attachment for cleaning large flat areas will significantly improve the
effectiveness and efficiency of this service.
http://www.jet-wash-direct.co.uk/pressurewashers/rotary-cleaners.html
Leisure Centre
These facilities are considered to be energy-intensive, which is why corporate gym/leisure clubs
are considering alternative, energy efficient methods for controlling energy consumption. The
equipment performance is acceptable, but with the pool and other facilities needing to be
maintained at temperature, it is inherently wasteful if the facilities are only
used infrequently.
Pool Heating
The Ideal Evomax 60 has been specified to work in conjunction with the
Calorex unit. There is a separate gas meter for the leisure centre and the
equipment and systems are in good order.
14

15. Pool Cover
One of the major contributors to heat loss from a pool is the lack of an insulation layer, when not
in use. Insulated pool covers are one of the most cost effective investments available to
swimming pool managers. Typical savings can be 10 -30% of total pool energy use with a payback
period of 18 months to three years. An effective pool cover will reduce the need for
dehumidification out of hours and therefore substantially reduce energy consumption.
Heat Recovery and Dehumidification
The Calorex Delta unit recirculates pool air, removing excess moisture
content and reclaiming the latent heat it contains. All the driving energy
is added to the reclaimed energy and automatically routed into the pool
water and air. A controlled quantity of fresh air is added continuously to
maintain the pool air quality
Metering
Electricity
Every flat has its own electricity meter as does the Landlords
supply. There are several different types of meter used i.e. digital
or analogue, but none have any form of pulsed output and
therefore need to be manually read to ensure accurate bills are
generated. As each of the main utility suppliers has
a Government incentive to replace existing
meters with ‘Smart’ meters it would be beneficial
for each flat to have this technology installed. It
would enable energy consumption profiles to be
accessed and reviewed by each resident and
those monitoring energy performance of the
communal areas.
With sizeable overall energy consumption it would be sensible to consider a single supplier for all
supplies into Luxury Flats. There are several different analogue and digital
meters installed and they have to be manually read on a monthly basis by the
Concierge team.
Gas
Every flat is individually metered and the leisure centre has its own gas meter.
Water
There are water meters for each flat
Sub Metering
There is no sub metering within Luxury Flats, which makes identification of
energy waste very difficult. The installation of an electricity sub meter on the
15

16. leisure centre supply would allow closer monitoring of usage and identification of waste. This
would allow a business case to be produced to support the need for spending money on
improvements such as a pool cover.
Building Management Systems
None of the existing meters have pulsed output capability, which means they cannot be read
remotely and require manual reading. This is inefficient and can lead to inaccurate billing; it also
means that monitoring of energy usage cannot be undertaken and identification of energy waste
is very difficult.
A building management system (BMS) is a computerized system that would enable remote
control and monitoring of all energy using equipment. A simple system could be sited with the
Concierge team, who could make any required adjustments as per the requirements of the
residents. Following an upgrade in meters to those with a pulsed output, it could also be the
focal point for monitoring of energy use and would mean accurate billing and a saving in time for
Concierge staff who at present, have to read the meters.
The investment required for a simple BMS would be £3000.00 but could pay for itself within 12 to
24 months if sufficient time was given to monitoring and controlling energy.
16

17. Sustainability
Renewable & Low Carbon Technologies
There are no renewable technologies in use at Luxury Flats.
Solar Photovoltaics (PV) commonly known as solar panels capture the sun's energy using
photovoltaic cells. The cells convert the sunlight into electricity, which can be used to run household
appliances and lighting. This is not a viable option for Luxury Flats as there is limited space available
on rooftops. If an area of the grounds was made available an array could be installed, but this
would be dependent on orientation and shading constraints and the cooperation of all residents
and stakeholders.
Solar Water Heating systems use free heat from the sun to warm domestic hot water, with a
conventional boiler or immersion heater as backup, to make the water hotter or provide hot water
when solar energy is unavailable. There is insufficient space on rooftops of each block to site
photovoltaic arrays and the façade of each block does not attract sufficient sunlight to justify a
vertical array. This is not a viable option Luxury Flats.
Wind turbines harness the power of the wind and use it to generate electricity. Small systems
known as 'microwind' or 'small-wind' turbines can produce electricity to help power the lights and
electrical appliances in a typical home. Although planning restrictions have been eased to allow
the installation of technologies such as this; it is not a viable option as there is insufficient roof
space to mount an adequately sized unit. There are noise and aesthetics issues with wind turbines
which add to the assertion that it is not a viable option in this case.
Ground source heat pumps use pipes buried to extract heat from the ground. This is usually used to
heat radiators or underfloor heating systems and hot water. This is a technically viable option due
to the large footprint of the entire site, but it would be expensive and would require full
cooperation from all residents and Management Teams to realize. It would have to be a communal
heating project, with a centralized plant and suitable heat sub meters to ensure the correct billing
for usage.
Air source heat pumps absorb heat from the outside air. This heat is usually used to heat radiators,
underfloor heating systems, or warm air convectors and hot water in your home. This is also a
viable option and would be cheaper to install, but the impact of the noise generated by the units
would have to be taken into consideration.
Rainwater Harvesting is a storage system for trapping rainwater that could be used to supplement
irrigation of the grounds. There is ample space to position storage vessels above or below ground.
The solution would have a significant impact on reducing watering costs. Energy and water cost
information would have to be analyzed to ensure the right size system was installed.
Micro-CHP (micro combined heat and power)
This refers to a heating technology which generates heat and electricity simultaneously, from the
same energy source, in individual homes or buildings. The units can be the same size as
conventional domestic boilers and can be retrofitted. This is a technology that could be considered
for replacing boilers in flats, but should only be considered at the end of the efficient life of the
existing boilers.
Wood-fuelled heating
Wood-fuelled or biomass heating systems burn wood pellets, chips or logs to power central heating
and hot water boilers or to provide warmth in a single room. This is not an option for the flats, but
could be part of a solution for the leisure centre
Combined Heat and Power is the simultaneous generation of heat and power in a single process.
Heat outputs can include steam, hot water, space heating and absorption chilling. This is technically
viable but not economically feasible. There is a need for constant hot water and steam for the
leisure centre, air conditioning and a high electricity demand. It would be expensive to install as a
retrofit solution, but would have a dramatic effect on the energy performance of Luxury Flats.
17

18. Biodiversity
Living Walls/Green Roofs
There is limited space available on rooftops, so the possibilities for a green roof are limited;
however, with large areas of perimeter walls and hard surfaces available across the development
Living Walls are an option. Converting these hard surfaces will encourage butterflies and
pollinators and also act as a simple rainwater management system as well as providing noise
reduction.
http://www.cityroofs.com
http://www.greenroofguide.co.uk/benefits/
Wildlife Friendly Spaces
The grounds of Luxury Flats are well maintained and provide a pleasant outdoor environment for
residents. The existing planting and lawns require significant volumes of water to maintain, which
is supplied through a recently installed
irrigation system. The water is supplied A site plan showing
from the mains and is therefore the extent of
potable. It also requires electricity for planting and lawns.
pumps, which impacts on the
communal bill.
Converting a percentage of the
grounds into a wildlife friendly
meadow and replacing ornate plants
with lower maintenance options that
are more attractive to pollinators
would increase the species diversity
and make the area more attractive and
provide a more natural environment for
residents to enjoy.
Pollution Prevention
The extensive amount of planting throughout the development could have a reduced
environmental impact if a more sustainable approach was taken to the use of herbicides and
pesticides. One possible option could be to use an organic weed barrier that would also reduce
water evaporation. This would reduce gardening maintenance and reduce the requirement for
watering. Systems such as those supplied by Sonairte (or suitable other) should be considered.
http://www.sonairte.co.uk
18

19. Conclusion
Luxury Flats is a luxury development and the services delivered as part of a residents agreement
means that the energy consumed is similar to a medium size boutique hotel. The leisure centre is
energy intensive and with its hours of operation there are only a small number of energy savings
initiatives that would make it more efficient.
The age of the development means it would not be cost-effective to replace plant and equipment
for at least another five to 10 years on the basis of improving energy performance. The measures
recommended in this report will reduce energy wastage and will prevent further wastage
through close monitoring, but there would be investment required in retrofitting solutions.
The biggest impact to date in reducing the impact of energy consumption has been by YYY
Management Services, with their work in negotiating an electricity contract that has realized a
significant saving in energy costs.
19