Comparison between pico and wifi ap

HetNet with WLAN AP or Pico
Cell

@pfesto /yuvi-syamsiana

Outline
1. HetNet Introduction
2. Comparing WLAN AP & Pico Cell
a. System Setup
b. Performance Comparison
c. Product Price
3. EAP Authentication
4. Home Agent

11-Feb-13 @pfesto /yuvi-syamsiana Page 2

What is HetNet
• Pico cell is a small BTS which is
usually planted in building to
extend coverage. The form is
small and easily disguised as
building accessory.

Pico Cell • WLAN Access Point is the

+
device which broadcast WiFi
signal

• HetNet, short from
Heterogeneous Network is a
WLAN Access network which is a combination
Point
of macro BTS (the big tower
transmitting 3G/LTE signal)
and small BTS
Macro BTS Small BTS


Comparing WLAN AP & PICO CELL
Source : http://www.qualcomm.com/media/documents/files/qualcomm-research-
a-comparison-of-lte-advanced-hetnets-and-wifi.pdf


System Simulation Setup
Each setup will consist of 1 or 4 small cells within 1 macro cell

LTE Advanced Setup WiFi Setup
• # of macro cells : 57 • Carrier frequency : 5.5 GHz
– D3 (ISD : 1732 m, 700 MHz)
– D1 (ISD : 500 m, 2.1 GHz)
• Antenna Configuration
• Antenna configuration : 2Tx/2Rx – AP : 2 Tx/ 2Rx
• Antenna Gain: – Client : 1 Tx / 1 Rx
– Macro : 14 dBi • Antenna Gain : 3 dBi
– Pico : 5 dBi
• Penetration loss : Fix 20 dB
• Penetration Loss : fix 20 DB
• Bandwidth : 10 Mhz • Bandwidth : 20 MHz
• Traffic Model : Downlink full buffer • Traffic Model : Downlink full buffer
• # of UE : 30 per macro (total : 1710) +12.5%
• TX Power • TX Power:
– Macro : 46 dBm – AP : 24 dBm
– Pico : 30 dBm – Client : 18 dBm
– UE : 23 dBm
• Scheduler : Proportional fair • Scheduler : Round Robin
• Pico Density per macro : Fixed : 0/1/4 • Maximum TxOP : 3 ms
• Packet Size : 1500 bytes
• RTS/CTS : None


Performance Metrics & Distribution
Measurement Metrics Load Distribution Setup
• Cell Edge Throughput • Uniform Distribution
– Defined as the lowest 5th – User end devices are
percentile throughput evenly distributed in the
– Displayed in multiplication small BTS coverage area
factor (x times increased) • Hotspot Distribution
• Median Throughput – Using 30 devices, 20 are in
– Defined as the median coverage area of small BTS,
value of the test sample and the other 10 are not in
– Displayed in multiplication coverage
factor (x times increased)


Performance Comparison - Low
Density Area
Hotspot Distribution Uniform Distribution
Pico cells outperform Wifi AP by min of 1.1x Pico cells outperform Wifi AP by min of 0.1x
to 6.9x higher throughput to 1.7x higher throughput
12 12
10.2
10 10

X times increased
X times increase

8 8

6 6
4.1 4
4 3.3 4
2.8 2.8
1.8 2.1 2
2 1.7
2 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2
1

0 0
Median Cell Edge Median Cell Edge Median Cell Edge Median Cell Edge
1 Small Cell 4 Small Cells 1 Small Cell 4 Small Cells
Pico Wifi AP Pico Wifi AP


Performance Comparison – High
Density Area
Hotspot Distribution Uniform Distribution
4.5 4.2 4.5

4 4
3.5
3.5 3.5
3
X times increased

X times increased
3 3
2.5 2.5
2.5 2.5
2.1 2
1.8 1.9
2 2 1.7
1.6 1.6
1.4 1.4
1.5 1.5 1.2
1.1
1 1

0.5 0.5

0 0
Median Cell Edge Median Cell Edge Median Cell Edge Median Cell Edge
1 Small Cell 4 Small Cells 1 Small Cell 4 Small Cells
Pico Wifi AP Pico Wifi AP
Pico cells outperform Wifi AP by min of 0.3x Pico cells outperform Wifi AP by min of 0.2x
to 0.7x higher throughput to 0.8x higher throughput


Performance Comparison
Summary
This histogram shows the frequency of how many times Pico cell outperform Wifi
AP by how many multiplication

9 120.00%
8
100.00%
7
6 80.00%
Frequency

5
60.00%
4
3 40.00%
2
20.00%
1
0 0.00%
0.5 1 2 1.5 2.5 7 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 More
Bin

Frequency Cumulative %


Mobility Comparison
Picocell Wifi AP
+ Well defined handover + Using Home Agent and Dual
procedures as part of 3GPP Stack Mobile IP will allow
standard handover from 3GPP network to
another non secure RAT

- May interfere with other Wifi
networks
- WAN does not aware of Wifi
networks, thus require UE to
perform network discovery
- Wifi does not guarantee
connectivity to the strongest AP, it
will only switch to other AP when
the connection becomes too weak

11-Feb-13 @pfesto /yuvi-syamsiana 10

Quality of Service Comparison
Picocell Wifi AP
+ Integrated QoS functionality to - Four QoS classes (Best Effort,
the macro cell Video, Voice and Background)
+ Can use range expansion and which is not integrated with 3GPP
resource partitioning to enable - Wifi operates in unlicensed
equitability in distributing air link spectrum and rather difficult to
resources ensure no interfering other Wifi
networks which can harm QoS


Security Comparison
Picocell Wifi AP
+ Using same standard as macro cell - Require username and password
(no issue) which can negatively impact User
Experience (this may be resolved
using EAP-AKA/SIM which
requires Wifi UE to support EAP-
SIM/AKA authentication)


SON (Self Organizing Network)
Picocell Wifi AP
+ All SON features is fully - Does not available for inter RAT
supported, i.e.
– Mobility Load Balancing
– Automatic Neighbor Relation
– Mobility Robustness Optimization


Product Pricing

Carrier Grade WLAN
Pico Cell Access Point

• Price Range : USD 3 – 7 times • Approximate Price :
7,500.00 – USD USD 2,000.00
15,000.00

• End User 3G Chipset : 6 times • End User Wifi Chipset
USD 30.00 : USD 5.00


EAP-AKA/SIM
Authentication used in i-WLAN


EAP-AKA/SIM Introduction
Extensible Authentication Protocol – Authentication and Key Agreement

2G EAP-SIM

3G EAP-AKA
Based on challenge mechanism and symmetric cryptography

The USIM:
• Verifies that AUTN is correct and hereby authenticates the network
• If AUTN is correct, the USIM computes RES, IK, CK and provides those
values to the terminal
• If AUTN is incorrect, the terminal rejects the authentication.
• If the sequence number is out of synchronization, terminal initiates a
synchronization procedure

The terminal
• Derives new required keying material from CK and IK
• Decrypts the new temporary identifier and saves it to be used on next
authentication
• Sends EAP Response/AKA-challenge containing RES to WLAN


EAP-SIM Full Authentication
Based on RFC-4186

PEER AUTHENTICATOR EAP SERVER AuC
(mobile client) (WLAN-AP) (RADIUS Server)

EAP-Request/Identity

EAP-Response/Identity

EAP-Request/SIM/Start (AT_VERSION_LIST)

EAP-Response/SIM/Start (AT_NONCE_MT, AT_SELECTED_VERSION)
Obtain GSM
EAP-Request/SIM/Challenge (AT_RAND, AT_MAC) Triplets

Runs GSM algorithms, verifies
AT_MAC and derives session keys

EAP-Response/SIM/Challenge (AT_MAC)
EAP-Success


Attributes Explanation
Generated by Peer Generated by Server
1. AT_IDENTITY (IMSI for GSM 1. AT_VERSION_LIST, contains
Subscribers and NAI for AAA version numbers supported by the
Protocols) EAP-SIM server (currently there is
– NAI Format: only version 1 for EAP-SIM)
• Permanent Username
• Pseudonym Username
• Fast-ReAuth ID
2. AT_NONCE_MT, 2 reserved bytes 2. AT_RAND, contains 2 reserved
(all 0) followed by a random number bytes (all 0) followed by n GSM
freshly generated by the peer RANDs (generated by HSS/AuC)
3. AT_MAC, calculated from HMAC- 3. AT_MAC, short from Message
SHA1-128(K_aut,EAP packet| Authentication Code, calculated
n*SRES) from HMAC-SHA1-128(K_aut, EAP
packet| NONCE_MT)

Note: MasterKey = SHA1(Identity|n*Kc| NONCE_MT| Version List| Selected Version)


Home Agent and Dual Mobile IP
Stack


Home Agent Definition

Based on TS 24-304, Home Agent is a mobile IPv4 router on a UE’s home network which
tunnels datagrams for delivery to the UE while it is registered on a visited network as
described in IETF RFC 5944.

DMIPSv6 Definition
• Definition : Mobility protocol specified in
IETF that provides IP address
preservation for IPv4 and IPv6 sessions,
allowing the user to roam independently
in IPv4 and IPv6


Handover from GE/UTRAN to I-
WLAN
1. UE perform I-WLAN automatic network selection procedure
2. UE perform automatic PLMN selection after receiving PLMN list from
WLAN
3. UE initiate tunnel establishment towards PDG
4. Perform Home Link detection
– If UE is still on home link : send Binding Update with lifetime set to 0
to remove binding in Home Agent
– If UE is on not on home link :
• Perform Home Agent Discovery
• H1 PDN attach to Home Agent
• Send Binding Update to Home Agent of its Care-of-Address (UE
is still in GERAN or UTRAN during handover)
5. Start detach procedure of GE/UTRAN


Handover from I-WLAN to
GE/UTRAN
1. Start attach procedure
– SGSN will use APN sent by UE to determine the GGSN allocated to the
UE
2. Start PDP context activation or GPRS attach
– UE will receive PDP address (Care-of-Address)
3. Start Home Link detection
– If UE is not on home link :
• Initiate Home Agent discovery
• H1 PDN attach (after GPRS attach) or perform Binding Update if
already attached
– If UE is on home link :
• Send Binding Update message to Home Agent with lifetime set to 0
to remove binding
4. Start disconnect tunnel procedure


H1 PDN Attach
1. Discovery of the Home Agent address in IPv6 and IPv4, this is
why the DSMIP is required
2. Security association establishment, using IPsec if UE is not in the
home link. IKEv2 is used to establish the IPsec
3. IPv6 home network prefix assignment and home link detection
4. IPv4 home address assignment
5. Initial binding registration


Glossary


Glossary
1. Home Link : In 3GPP environment, an UE is considered to be in the home link if the UE
is connected to one of 3GPP Access Network, for example, GERAN, UTRAN or E-
UTRAN. EPS should allow operator to configure which access network is considered as
home link for certain UE
2. H1 : Reference point for signaling and user data transfer between UE and Home Agent
3. ISD (Inter Site Distance) : distance from one macro site (BTS) to another. Usually, ISD is
less than the diameter of a site to provide an overlapping area to handover
4. SON (Self Organizing Network) : it is a feature in LTE by which LTE network can adjust
its parameters based on certain observation made by itself
5. ANR (Automatic Neighbor Relation) : feature of SON by which it can automatically find
adjacent neighbors
6. MLB (Mobility Load Balancing) : feature to automatically reselect or handover UE in the
edge cells to cope with unequal traffic load
7. MRO (Mobility Robustness Optimizations) : feature to automatically adjust thresholds
related to cell reselection and handover in order to eliminate unnecessary handover and
to provide appropriate handover timing
8. 2Tx/2Rx : A condition where there are 2 transmitters in the BTS and 2 receivers in UE to
accelerate performance
9. Penetration Loss : Reduce of power when the signal transmitted is blocked by concrete
wall


Glossary - 2
1. TxOP (Transmit Opportunity) : a bounded time interval during which a station can send
as many frames as possible
2. RTS/CTS (Request to Send/Clear to Send) : An additional method to avoid collision
caused by hidden node problem in CSMA/CA
3. UE : User Equipment, any user device used to communicate in the network
4. I-WLAN : short from Interworking WLAN, when user roams from 3G access to non 3G
access such as WLAN/WiFi
5. PLMN : short from Public Land Mobile Network, any network which exist and known
publicly
6. PDG : PDN Gateway, the gateway (router) used to communicate with outside network
7. GE/UTRAN : technical naming for GPRS/3G
8. Care-of-Address (CoA) : temporary IP address for a mobile device. This allows a home
agent to forward messages to the mobile device. A separate address is required because
the IP address of the device that is used as host identification is topologically incorrect.
The CoA splits the dual nature of an IP address, that is, its use is to identify the host and
the location within the global IP network
9. PDP context : session when a UE attach to GPRS network


References


References
• http://paginas.fe.up.pt/~mricardo/08_09/cmov-mieic/slides/dsmip+802-
21.pdf
• http://www.qualcomm.com/media/documents/files/qualcomm-
research-a-comparison-of-lte-advanced-hetnets-and-wifi.pdf
• http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4229305
• http://wireless.agilent.com/rfcomms/refdocs/1xevdo/1xevdola_dc_eap_
aka.html
• http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/tsg_sa/WG3_Security/TSGS3_26_Oxford/Doc
s/PDF/S3-020650.pdf
• http://www.greenpacket.com/technology_Solutions_Authentication.html
• http://agsm.sourceforge.net/talk/EAP-SIM.ppt
• http://wifidataoffload.files.wordpress.com/2010/12/3gwifi-seamless-
offload.pdf
• http://www.nec.com/en/global/solutions/nsp/lte/pdf/son.pdf
• http://www.3gpp.org/
• http://www.etsi.org/


Comparison between pico and wifi ap

Recomendados

Recomendados

Mais conteúdo relacionado

Mais procurados

Mais procurados (20)

Destaque

Destaque (11)

Semelhante a Comparison between pico and wifi ap

Semelhante a Comparison between pico and wifi ap (20)

Último

Último (20)

Comparison between pico and wifi ap