Game Development Voodoo
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Everyone of us has played a game in his or her life at least once. But how do they work? What makes them tick and how are they working behind the hood? What kind of tools and techniques does a software developer have to develop games? What are things to expect and what kind of advanced techniques are there to make games look nice? Peter tries to answer the above questions using a solid dose of theory mixed with some playful practical examples.
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Game Development Voodoo
- 1. 19/01/15 Game Development “Life is more fun if you play games.” - Roald Dahl
- 2. 2 19/01/15 Peter Vrenken TS Midden Financial Services Game Development Personal introduction • Name: Peter Vrenken • By day: Microsoft .NET ‘Frontend’ developer • At night: Geek, philosopher & game developer Introduction Development basics Advanced techniques Game engines---
- 3. 3 19/01/15 Peter Vrenken TS Midden Financial Services Game Development Introduction Development basics Advanced techniques Game engines---
- 4. 4 19/01/15 Peter Vrenken TS Midden Financial Services Game Development Structure • Let’s start with the basics. • Advanced tips ‘n tricks. • Game engines. Introduction Development basics Advanced techniques Game engines---
- 5. 5 19/01/15 Peter Vrenken TS Midden Financial Services Game Development Case study Introduction Development basics Advanced techniques Game engines---
- 6. 6 19/01/15 Peter Vrenken TS Midden Financial Services Game development approach • User Interface API. • Low level graphics / audio API’s. • High level API wrappers / libraries. • Fully fledged game engines. Game Development Introduction Development basics Advanced techniques Game engines---
- 7. 7 19/01/15 Peter Vrenken TS Midden Financial Services User Interface API • Windows Forms • WPF • Java AWT Game Development Introduction Development basics Advanced techniques Game engines---
- 8. 8 19/01/15 Peter Vrenken TS Midden Financial Services Low level graphics / audio API’s Game Development Introduction Development basics Advanced techniques Game engines---
- 9. 9 19/01/15 Peter Vrenken TS Midden Financial Services High level API wrappers / libraries Game Development Introduction Development basics Advanced techniques Game engines---
- 10. 10 19/01/15 Peter Vrenken TS Midden Financial Services Fully fledged game engines Game Development Introduction Development basics Advanced techniques Game engines---
- 11. 11 19/01/15 Peter Vrenken TS Midden Financial Services Game loops Nothing new: All applications run at least one kind of loop. Game Development Introduction Development basics Advanced techniques Game engines---
- 12. 12 19/01/15 Peter Vrenken TS Midden Financial Services Sprites & textures … Game Development Introduction Development basics Advanced techniques Game engines---
- 13. 13 19/01/15 Peter Vrenken TS Midden Financial Services Sprites & textures Game Development Introduction Development basics Advanced techniques Game engines---
- 14. 14 19/01/15 Peter Vrenken TS Midden Financial Services Coordinate spaces Game Development Model / world space Camera (view) / screen space Introduction Development basics Advanced techniques Game engines---
- 15. 15 19/01/15 Peter Vrenken TS Midden Financial Services Timing • Always use time to calculate movement • Fixed time steps • Variable time steps Game Development Introduction Development basics Advanced techniques Game engines---
- 16. 16 19/01/15 Peter Vrenken TS Midden Financial Services (Inbe)Tweening / Interpolation Give the game “Elegance” by make movement subtle. Game Development Introduction Development basics Advanced techniques Game engines---
- 17. 17 19/01/15 Peter Vrenken TS Midden Financial Services Game Development Particle engines • Basic recipe: use lots of sprites to create illusions. • Often used to create more advanced visual effects. Introduction Development basics Advanced techniques Game engines---
- 18. 18 19/01/15 Peter Vrenken TS Midden Financial Services Physic engines •Basic recipe: Simulate the laws of physics. •Uses 2D/3D objects build from vertices, edges and faces. •Gives the game “Body”. Game Development Introduction Development basics Advanced techniques Game engines---
- 19. 19 19/01/15 Peter Vrenken TS Midden Financial Services Performance • Primary problem: Games and garbage collection don’t mix. • Basic rule #1: “Profile before optimizing”. • Basic rule #2: Recycle and reuse. • Basic rule #3: “OO is not the holy grail”. • Basic rule #4: Optimize your resources. Game Development Introduction Development basics Advanced techniques Game engines---
- 20. 20 19/01/15 Peter Vrenken TS Midden Financial Services Take care of your garbage! Game Development Introduction Development basics Advanced techniques Game engines---
- 21. 21 19/01/15 Peter Vrenken TS Midden Financial Services Profile before optimizing Game Development Introduction Development basics Advanced techniques Game engines---
- 22. 22 19/01/15 Peter Vrenken TS Midden Financial Services Recycle and reuse •Object pooling. •Object caching. Game Development Introduction Development basics Advanced techniques Game engines---
- 23. 23 19/01/15 Peter Vrenken TS Midden Financial Services OO is not the holy grail •Structs behave different when GC-ed. •Don’t create copies: Process structs using ref and out parameters. •Don’t use properties: They are methods and alter the stack. •Flatten complex methods and objects. Game Development Introduction Development basics Advanced techniques Game engines---
- 24. 24 19/01/15 Peter Vrenken TS Midden Financial Services Optimize your resources • Use matching quality resources. • Use spritesheets / atlases. Game Development Introduction Development basics Advanced techniques Game engines---
- 25. 25 19/01/15 Peter Vrenken TS Midden Financial Services Behavior trees Elegant way to model AI behavior. • Sequences • Selections • Conditions • Actions Game Development Introduction Development basics Advanced techniques Game engines---
- 26. 26 19/01/15 Peter Vrenken TS Midden Financial Services Entity (Component) Systems • Basic recipe: Don’t store any logic in your “objects”. • Reason: Performance and flexibility. Game Development Introduction Development basics Advanced techniques Game engines---
- 27. 27 19/01/15 Peter Vrenken TS Midden Financial Services Entity (Component) Systems Game Development Introduction Development basics Advanced techniques Game engines---
- 28. 28 19/01/15 Peter Vrenken TS Midden Financial Services Entity (Component) Systems Game Development Introduction Development basics Advanced techniques Game engines---
- 29. 29 19/01/15 Peter Vrenken TS Midden Financial Services Game development Game Engines Provides everything needed for a running start. For example: Unity 3D • Advanced IDE: Everything needed combined in one tool. • Standardized: Lots of textures/models/scripts/effects/plugins. • Cross platform! Introduction Development basics Advanced techniques Game engines---
- 30. 30 19/01/15 Peter Vrenken TS Midden Financial Services Game development Introduction Development basics Advanced techniques Game engines---
- 31. 19/01/15 Thank you Atos, the Atos logo, Atos Consulting, Atos Worldline, Atos Sphere, Atos Cloud and Atos WorldGrid are registered trademarks of Atos SA. June 2012 © 2012 Atos. Confidential information owned by Atos, to be used by the recipient only. This document, or any part of it, may not be reproduced, copied, circulated and/or distributed nor quoted without prior written approval from Atos.
- 32. 32 19/01/15 Peter Vrenken TS Midden Financial Services Game development “If Pac-Man had affected us as kids, we'd all be running around in dark rooms, munching pills and listening to repetitive electronic music.” - Marcus Brigstocke Introduction Development basics Advanced techniques Game engines---
Notas do Editor
- Welcome Numbers of people in the audience. Audible? Did some years developing .NET applications. WPF/MVVM/XAML Scars Windows Mobile/Phone/8 Current job: Atos Global: Incident Management suite with Office 2013 looks Build in WPF. Gamification Competence: Virtual Reality projects and PoC’s
- Did some math: - Boulder Dash was one of the first games I ever played. First release of Boulder dash: 1984: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulder_Dash Throughout the years I tried to develop some games. But why? Games are a good practice to teach yourself new skills. They provide direct feedback. They are fun. There is no direct revenue model attached (most of the time).
- Doel: Quick overview of the basics. Give a taste of the advanced methods available for game development. Game engines. Scope: Primary .NET but not limited to. Own work XNA / Unity.
- End of introduction. Why: Remake the past. Time was ripe. Available for voor Windows 8 & Windows Phone Lots of experiences.
- Quick to start with. No good fit for developing games.
- Long learning curve. Need lots of work before anything fancy shows up. Full flexibility. WebGL: http://learningwebgl.com/
- Quick to start with. Simpler API’s to develop games with. Lot’s of goodies to get you up and running. Libraries: http://examples.phaser.io/ http://impactjs.com/ http://html5quintus.com/ http://www.monogame.net/ http://www.senchalabs.org/philogl/
- Quick to start with. Everything available. May be overwhelming. Can be expensive. List of game engines: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_game_engines
- Demo 01 – Game loop Message loop
- Demo 02 - Textures Composition. Movement. Fez
- PNG / Jpeg Also other formats Per pixel transparency
- Translate Transform Rotate Order is important! Concept is used in both 2D and 3D games.
- End of developer basics - No static assignments: position.x += 3; - No Thread.Sleep(); - Fixed vs Variable time steps. http://gamedev.stackexchange.com/questions/1589/fixed-time-step-vs-variable-time-step http://gafferongames.com/game-physics/fix-your-timestep/
- Demo 05 - Tweening Lineaire movements are often not good. Better is to use interpolation: lineair, cubic, quadratic, elastic. Lerp function: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lerp_(computing) Tweening samples: http://svejkgames.com/blog/post/how-to-use-tweens-in-phaser-framework/ http://jsfiddle.net/xhinking/t9X6f/ (progressbar) http://jsfiddle.net/heygrady/BLMLu/light/ http://jsfiddle.net/heygrady/j5tHC/light/ TweenJS http://www.createjs.com/#!/TweenJS http://www.createjs.com/#!/TweenJS/demos WPF Easing function gallery http://samples.msdn.microsoft.com/Silverlight/SampleBrowser/index.htm#/?sref=easing_functions_gallery http://easings.net/ Overview of easing functions.
- Demo 06 - Particle engine What: Effects like: Fire Explosions Clouds Shinings. How: Lots of sprites (2D or 3D) that behave according to the preconfigured settings. Emitters Modifiers Often settings or modifiers like: gravity, speed rotation. Mercury particle engine. C:\Users\Peter\SkyDrive\Documenten\2014\Peter\06-03 - Game Development\02 - Particle engine\mercury-particle-engine-develop
- Demo 07 - Physics engine Farseer physics engine: https://farseerphysics.codeplex.com/
- Problem: Games should not jitter, pause or slow down.
- Profilers: Ant profiler Jetbrains ?.
- Recycle & reuse: ObjectPools. Cache objects and change their properties. Performance sources:https://web.archive.org/web/20111107065643/http://www.sgtconker.com/2011/05/high-end-performance-optimizations-on-the-xbox-360-and-windows-phone-7/
- OO not the holy grail: Structs behave different when GC-ed. Don’t create copies: Process information using ref and out parameters. Don’t use properties: They are methods and push data on the stack. Flatten complex objects Performance sources:https://web.archive.org/web/20111107065643/http://www.sgtconker.com/2011/05/high-end-performance-optimizations-on-the-xbox-360-and-windows-phone-7/
- Spritesheets:needed to reduce texture switches. From RAM to VRAM. - Textures with a power of two are a good thing. - Balance between texture size and image quality.
- Best way to model behavior. Relatie met Update loop. Behavior tree sources: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entity_component_system http://entity-systems.wikidot.com/ http://www.ashframework.org/ http://gamadu.com/artemis/ http://alecmce.com/library/why-use-entity-systems-for-game-engineering
- Example: player & enemies in Boulder World. Example: Duke nukem rocket. Entity Component Systems sources: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entity_component_system http://entity-systems.wikidot.com/ http://www.ashframework.org/ http://gamadu.com/artemis/ http://alecmce.com/library/why-use-entity-systems-for-game-engineering
- Entity Component Systems sources: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entity_component_system http://entity-systems.wikidot.com/ http://www.ashframework.org/ http://gamadu.com/artemis/ http://alecmce.com/library/why-use-entity-systems-for-game-engineering
- Demo 08 - Entity Systems End of advanced techniques. Entity Component Systems sources: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entity_component_system http://entity-systems.wikidot.com/ http://www.ashframework.org/ http://gamadu.com/artemis/ http://alecmce.com/library/why-use-entity-systems-for-game-engineering
- Demo 09 - Unity