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Can Open Data lead to Open Government?
1. Can Open Data lead to
Open Government?
An investigation of the state of Canadian
municipal government open data portals
Peter A. Johnson
GEM Departmental Lecture Series + GIS Day
November 14th, 2012
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2. What is Open Government?
A movement towards
creating a government that
is increasingly transparent,
accountable, and engaged
with citizens in its activities
and policy formation.
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3. What is Open Data?
“A piece of content or data is open if anyone is
free to use, reuse, and redistribute it — subject
only, at most, to the requirement to attribute
and/or share-alike.”
http://opendefinition.org
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4. What is Open Data?
1. Access (free, convenient)
2. Redistribution (sharing)
3. Reuse (derivatives)
4. Absence of technological
restriction (format)
5. Attribution
6. No discrimination of users or
use
http://opendefinition.org/okd/
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5. open.gc.ca action plan
• Availability of Information
• Citizen Participation
• Professional Integrity
• New Technologies for Openness
and Accountability
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12. Scope of Open Data in
Canadian Municipalities
• Preliminary web research on formats, licenses (27
organizations)
• Identified 13 most developed municipal Open Data
platforms in Canada - innovators
• Follow-up telephone interviews with key
development staff
• objectives of initiative
• development process (costs, time, policies, etc.)
• use of open data in communications
• evaluation of initiative
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13. Q: How ‘open’ is open
data?
• Data format/file type
• open or proprietary?
• consumer or expert?
• License type
• currently no standard
• range from restrictive to
permissive
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14. Format Frequency n=139
20
19
18
15 16
15
14 14
13
12
10 11
7
5
0
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F/D
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JPE
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32. Free ≠ Open
Free Open
Published Reusable
Available Mashable
Strings attached No strings
Free like beer Free like speech
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33. Municipal
Open Data Educational Institutions
Average Citizen
Community Groups Hacker/Developer
Other Governments
Corporations
“Informational Approach”
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34. open.gc.ca action plan
• Availability of Information
• Citizen Participation
• Professional Integrity
• New Technologies for Openness
and Accountability
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36. Municipal
Open Data Educational Institutions
Average Citizen
Community Groups Hacker/Developer
Other Governments
Corporations
“Informational Approach”
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37. Municipal
Open Data Educational Institutions
Average Citizen
Community Groups Hacker/Developer
Other Governments
Corporations
“Participatory Approach”
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38. Municipal
Open Data Educational Institutions
Average Citizen
Community Groups Hacker/Developer
Other Governments
Corporations
“Participatory Approach”
Friday, 30 November, 12
39. Municipal
Open Data Educational Institutions
Average Citizen
Community Groups Hacker/Developer
Other Governments
Corporations
“Participatory Approach”
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40. Elected Government
Municipal
Open Data
Average Citizen
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41. Open data as a
participatory conduit
• 2 ways:
• citizen sensors - improving,
validating existing data
• citizen partners - requested and
spontaneous input
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42. Benefits
• Update cycles reduced
• Citizens inform data and data
informs decisions
• Open data is an opportunity for
conversation
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43. Challenges
• Most Open data is not suited for a mass
audience
• Technical issues of concurrency, quality,
identity verification of participants
• Massive organizational risk
• Indirectly supports state retrenchment
by downloading data collection
services
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44. Elected Government
Municipal
Open Data
Average Citizen
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45. Elected Government
Municipal
Open Data
Average Citizen
Text
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46. Elected Government
volunteerism neoliberalization
privacy copyright
accuracy ‘real’ participation
Municipal
Open Data
media education digital divides
technology adoption jurisdictionality
virtual vs. ‘real’ space mobility
Average Citizen
Text
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47. Elected Government
volunteerism neoliberalization
privacy copyright
accuracy ‘real’ participation
Municipal
Open Data
media education digital divides
technology adoption jurisdictionality
virtual vs. ‘real’ space mobility
Average Citizen
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48. Thank You - and have a happy
GIS Day!
For more information:
geothink.ca
Twitter: #geothink, #geowebchat
or email: peter.johnson@uwaterloo.ca
This research has been supported by:
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