6. The Circulatory system Right ventricle Left ventricle Septum Tricuspid valve Bicuspid valve Right atrium Semilunar valves Vena cavae Aorta Pulmonary artery Pulmonary veins Left atrium Cardiac muscle

7. The Circulatory system To the lungs To the body From the lungs The left side pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body for use. The right side pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen . From the body

12. The Circulatory system Arteries Veins Capillaries Thick walls Much thinner walls than arteries Microscopic vessels Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart Carry deoxygenated blood to the heart They link the arteries with the veins More elastic than veins Less elastic than arteries At one end they carry arterial blood which transfers oxygen and nutrients to the muscles Cope with higher blood pressure Carry blood at lower pressures The channel the blood passes through (lumen) widens to cope with increased blood flow during exercise They contain many valves to stop blood flowing backwards, as venous blood is often flowing upwards against gravity At the other end, they pick up waste and carry venous blood into the veins as they pass through the system

17. The Respiratory System Trachea (wind pipe) Alveoli Bronchioles Intercostal muscles Ribs Bronchus Lung Diaphragm

27. Bones

35. Muscles and muscle action Hamstring Gluteals Gastrocnemius Muscle Position in the body Main Action In the middle of the body at the back, forming the bottom Pull the legs back at the hips. At the top of each leg at the back. Bend the legs at the knees At the bottom of each leg at the back. Also known as the calf muscles. Straighten the foot so you can stand on your toes.

36. Muscles and muscle action Pull your arms down at the shoulders and back behind your back. Straighten the arms at the elbow. Hold and rotate the shoulders and also move the head back and sideways. At the back of the body, either side of the chest. At the top of each arm at the back. In the centre of the chest at the back of the body, spreading up. Trapezius Latissimus dorsi Triceps Muscle Position in the Body Main Action

37. Muscles and muscle action Deltoids Biceps Quadriceps In the upper part of the body, covering the shoulders. At the top of each arm at the front. At the top of each leg at the front. Raise the arms in all directions at the shoulders. Bend the arms at the elbows. Straighten the legs at the knees. Muscle Position in the Body Main Action

38. Muscles and muscle action Pectorals In the upper part of the chest at the front. At the front of the body in the middle, just below the chest. Raise the arms up, sideways and across the chest at the shoulders. Pull in the abdomen and bend the spine so you can bend forward. Abdominals Muscle Position in the body Main Action

49. Sports injuries

50. Sports Injuries

52. Sports Injuries

55. Sports injury

57. Sports Injury