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THIS IS A NEW SPECIFICATION ADVANCED SUBSIDIARY GCE PHYSICAL EDUCATION G451 An Introduction to Physical Education Tuesday 19 January 2010 * O C E / 1 2 4 2 5 * Candidates answer on the Question Paper OCR Supplied Materials: Morning None Duration: 2 hours Other Materials Required: None * G 4 5 1 * INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES • Write your name clearly in capital letters, your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the boxes above. • Use black ink. Pencil may be used for graphs and diagrams only. • Read each question carefully and make sure that you know what you have to do before starting your answer. • There are three Sections in this paper. • Answer all parts of the question in each of Sections A, B and C. • Do not write in the bar codes. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES • The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. • The total number of marks for this paper is 90. • The quality of your written communication will be assessed in questions that are indicated accordingly (*). • This document consists of 16 pages. Any blank pages are indicated. © OCR 2010 [D/500/8027] OCR is an exempt Charity DC (SJF5163(CGW)) 12425/5 Turn over
2 Section A Answer all parts of the question. Anatomy and Physiology 1 (a) Fig. 1 shows an athlete performing a bicep curl. Use your anatomical and physiological knowledge to complete the table below for the athlete’s elbow during the upward phase of the bicep curl. Fig. 1 Joint Joint Type Movement Agonist Antagonist Elbow Biceps Brachii What type of muscle contraction is occurring in the biceps brachii during the downward phase of the bicep curl? ................................................................................................................................................... Name one muscle in the trunk acting to maintain good posture and core stability during the biceps curl. .............................................................................................................................................. [5] © OCR 2010
3 (b) Using a serve in tennis, explain Newton’s three laws of motion. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................. [5] (c) Venous return is the transport of deoxygenated blood to the right side of the heart. Give three mechanisms which maintain venous return during exercise. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... An increase in venous return can improve performance. Explain how the increase in blood flow affects cardiac output. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................. [6] © OCR 2010 Turn over
4 (d) Fig 2. shows the changes in heart rate of an athlete during a sub-maximal exercise session. Describe the neural mechanisms which cause heart rate to change during exercise. 250 200 Heart Rate (beats 150 per minute) 100 50 Before During Exercise Recovery Fig. 2 ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................. [4] © OCR 2010
5 (e)* Discuss the positive and negative effects on the skeletal system of young people performing: • contact sports • high impact sports • activities involving repetitive actions ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... © OCR 2010 Turn over
6 ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................ [10] [Total: 30] © OCR 2010
7 Section B Answer all parts of the question. Acquiring Movement Skills 2 (a) Identify a motor skill in sport and justify its classification on the open-closed continuum. Explain which practice methods would be most appropriate for this skill. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................. [6] (b) Explain the role of mental practice in the performance of movement skills. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................. [4] © OCR 2010 Turn over
8 (c) Learning and performing movement skills often involves the use of the memory process. Describe the multi-store memory process when performing movement skills. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................. [4] (d) Using the Inverted U theory and a practical example explain how levels of arousal can affect the performance of movement skills. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................. [6] © OCR 2010
9 (e)* Using practical examples, explain the process of observational learning when it is used for acquiring movement skills and learning to follow an active and healthy lifestyle. Refer to Bandura’s model in your answer. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... © OCR 2010 Turn over
10 ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................ [10] [Total: 30] © OCR 2010
11 Section C Answer all parts of the question. Socio-Cultural studies relating to participation in physical activity 3 (a) It is widely accepted that physical activity is part of a healthy lifestyle. However, people lead more sedentary lifestyles now than in the past. (i) Identify reasons for increasingly sedentary lifestyle in the UK today. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... [3] (ii) What are the physical activity recommendations for active lifestyles? ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... [2] © OCR 2010 Turn over
12 (b) Identify one difference between Outdoor Recreation and Outdoor Education and explain why there is limited regular participation in Outdoor Education by young people. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................. [5] (c) In the UK various organisations are involved with physical activity. Describe the work of both: Home country organisations (such as Sport England): ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... The British Olympic Association (BOA): ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................. [5] © OCR 2010
13 (d) The game of American football is extremely popular in the USA. Give reasons for the violence and commercialism associated with American Football. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................. [5] © OCR 2010 Turn over
14 (e)* Discuss social and cultural factors that affect participation in physical activity in the UK. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... © OCR 2010
15 ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................ [10] [Total: 30] © OCR 2010
16 PLEASE DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE Copyright Information OCR is committed to seeking permission to reproduce all third-party content that it uses in its assessment materials. OCR has attempted to identify and contact all copyright holders whose work is used in this paper. To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced in the OCR Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations, is given to all schools that receive assessment material and is freely available to download from our public website (www.ocr.org.uk) after the live examination series. If OCR has unwittingly failed to correctly acknowledge or clear any third-party content in this assessment material, OCR will be happy to correct its mistake at the earliest possible opportunity. For queries or further information please contact the Copyright Team, First Floor, 9 Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 1GE. OCR is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group; Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. © OCR 2010

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  • 1. THIS IS A NEW SPECIFICATION ADVANCED SUBSIDIARY GCE PHYSICAL EDUCATION G451 An Introduction to Physical Education Tuesday 19 January 2010 * O C E / 1 2 4 2 5 * Candidates answer on the Question Paper OCR Supplied Materials: Morning None Duration: 2 hours Other Materials Required: None * G 4 5 1 * INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES • Write your name clearly in capital letters, your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the boxes above. • Use black ink. Pencil may be used for graphs and diagrams only. • Read each question carefully and make sure that you know what you have to do before starting your answer. • There are three Sections in this paper. • Answer all parts of the question in each of Sections A, B and C. • Do not write in the bar codes. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES • The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. • The total number of marks for this paper is 90. • The quality of your written communication will be assessed in questions that are indicated accordingly (*). • This document consists of 16 pages. Any blank pages are indicated. © OCR 2010 [D/500/8027] OCR is an exempt Charity DC (SJF5163(CGW)) 12425/5 Turn over
  • 2. 2 Section A Answer all parts of the question. Anatomy and Physiology 1 (a) Fig. 1 shows an athlete performing a bicep curl. Use your anatomical and physiological knowledge to complete the table below for the athlete’s elbow during the upward phase of the bicep curl. Fig. 1 Joint Joint Type Movement Agonist Antagonist Elbow Biceps Brachii What type of muscle contraction is occurring in the biceps brachii during the downward phase of the bicep curl? ................................................................................................................................................... Name one muscle in the trunk acting to maintain good posture and core stability during the biceps curl. .............................................................................................................................................. [5] © OCR 2010
  • 3. 3 (b) Using a serve in tennis, explain Newton’s three laws of motion. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................. [5] (c) Venous return is the transport of deoxygenated blood to the right side of the heart. Give three mechanisms which maintain venous return during exercise. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... An increase in venous return can improve performance. Explain how the increase in blood flow affects cardiac output. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................. [6] © OCR 2010 Turn over
  • 4. 4 (d) Fig 2. shows the changes in heart rate of an athlete during a sub-maximal exercise session. Describe the neural mechanisms which cause heart rate to change during exercise. 250 200 Heart Rate (beats 150 per minute) 100 50 Before During Exercise Recovery Fig. 2 ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................. [4] © OCR 2010
  • 5. 5 (e)* Discuss the positive and negative effects on the skeletal system of young people performing: • contact sports • high impact sports • activities involving repetitive actions ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... © OCR 2010 Turn over
  • 6. 6 ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................ [10] [Total: 30] © OCR 2010
  • 7. 7 Section B Answer all parts of the question. Acquiring Movement Skills 2 (a) Identify a motor skill in sport and justify its classification on the open-closed continuum. Explain which practice methods would be most appropriate for this skill. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................. [6] (b) Explain the role of mental practice in the performance of movement skills. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................. [4] © OCR 2010 Turn over
  • 8. 8 (c) Learning and performing movement skills often involves the use of the memory process. Describe the multi-store memory process when performing movement skills. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................. [4] (d) Using the Inverted U theory and a practical example explain how levels of arousal can affect the performance of movement skills. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................. [6] © OCR 2010
  • 9. 9 (e)* Using practical examples, explain the process of observational learning when it is used for acquiring movement skills and learning to follow an active and healthy lifestyle. Refer to Bandura’s model in your answer. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... © OCR 2010 Turn over
  • 10. 10 ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................ [10] [Total: 30] © OCR 2010
  • 11. 11 Section C Answer all parts of the question. Socio-Cultural studies relating to participation in physical activity 3 (a) It is widely accepted that physical activity is part of a healthy lifestyle. However, people lead more sedentary lifestyles now than in the past. (i) Identify reasons for increasingly sedentary lifestyle in the UK today. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... [3] (ii) What are the physical activity recommendations for active lifestyles? ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... [2] © OCR 2010 Turn over
  • 12. 12 (b) Identify one difference between Outdoor Recreation and Outdoor Education and explain why there is limited regular participation in Outdoor Education by young people. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................. [5] (c) In the UK various organisations are involved with physical activity. Describe the work of both: Home country organisations (such as Sport England): ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... The British Olympic Association (BOA): ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................. [5] © OCR 2010
  • 13. 13 (d) The game of American football is extremely popular in the USA. Give reasons for the violence and commercialism associated with American Football. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................................. [5] © OCR 2010 Turn over
  • 14. 14 (e)* Discuss social and cultural factors that affect participation in physical activity in the UK. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... © OCR 2010
  • 15. 15 ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................ [10] [Total: 30] © OCR 2010
  • 16. 16 PLEASE DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE Copyright Information OCR is committed to seeking permission to reproduce all third-party content that it uses in its assessment materials. OCR has attempted to identify and contact all copyright holders whose work is used in this paper. To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced in the OCR Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations, is given to all schools that receive assessment material and is freely available to download from our public website (www.ocr.org.uk) after the live examination series. If OCR has unwittingly failed to correctly acknowledge or clear any third-party content in this assessment material, OCR will be happy to correct its mistake at the earliest possible opportunity. For queries or further information please contact the Copyright Team, First Floor, 9 Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 1GE. OCR is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group; Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge. © OCR 2010