This document summarizes a student project on a hydroelectric power plant. It includes sections on the basic components and principles of hydroelectricity including dams, intake, penstocks, turbines, generators, transformers, and power houses. It also describes different types of hydroelectric plants based on head including low, medium, and high head schemes. World's largest hydroelectric plants like China's Three Gorges Dam and India's largest plants including Tehri Dam and Sardar Sarovar Dam are highlighted. The document is intended to provide an overview of hydroelectric power generation.

1. Hydroelectric Power Plant

2. HYDROELECRIC POWER
PLANT
SARVAJANIK COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING &
TECHNOLOGY

3. GROUP NO.2
1. GOYAL DHANSHRI
100420106006
2. GOYANI JIGAR 100420106007
3. DIYORA PRATIK 100420106008
4. DESAI SHANI 100420106009
5. SINGHI ADITYA 100420106010
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLGY
(CIVIL) Batch-2010-11

4. Part-1
Introduction of
HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER
PLANT

5. WHAT IS HYDRO POWER?
The objective of a hydropower scheme is to convert the
potential energy of a mass of water, flowing in a stream with
a
certain fall to the turbine (termed the "head"), into electric
energy at the lower end of the scheme, where the
powerhouse
is located. The power output from the scheme is
proportional
to the flow and to the head.

6. A
SIMPLE
OVER
VIEW

7. Hydro Electric Power

8. POWER HOUSE
PENSTOCK
RESEVOIR
DAM TURBINE GENERATOR
INTAKE
POWER LINE
TRANSFORMER

9. GENERAL ARRANGENENT
OF HYDROPOWER PROJECT
i. General available topography of the area
ii. Available head
iii. Available flow
iv. Availability of other type of power station
in the vicinity
v. Requirements of power for industries
vi. Political influences of the area
vii.Location of the power house
viii.economy

10. Part-2
PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS
OF HYDROELECRIC SCEME

11. FIRST ELEMENT :-
DAMS

12. The movement of water can be used to make electricity. Energy from
water is created by the force of water moving from a higher elevation
to a lower elevation through a large pipe (penstock). When the water
reaches the end of the pipe, it hits and spins a water wheel or turbine.
The turbine rotates the connected shaft, which then turns the
generator, making electricity.

13. What are Spill ways?
A dam failure can have sever effects downstream of the dam.
During the lifetime of a dam different flow conditions will be experienced
and a dam must be able to safely accommodate high floods that
can exceed normal flow conditions in the river. For this reason,
carefully passages are corporated in the dams as part of structure.
These passages are known as spillways.

16. 2nd ELEMENT:-
INTAKE

17. INTAKE:-
A water intake must be able to divert the required amount of
water in to a power canal or into a penstock without producing
a negative impact on the local environment.

20. 3rd ELEMENT:-
PENSTOCK

21. PENSTOCK
conveying water from the intake to the
power house.
Of concrete in low heads
Of steel iis suitable for all heads


22. Penstock has:
Automatic butterfly valve
 shuts off water flow if pen stock ruptures.
Air valve
 internal pressure = atm pressure
Surge Tank
 reducing water hammering in pipes which
can cause damage to pipes.
 thereby regulating water flow and
pressure inside the penstock.

23. TRASH RACK
 cleaning machine, which removes debris from water
 In order to save water ways and electromechanical
equipment from any damage.
 Set steel bars on edge to the flow of water and space
about 1“ apart
 A head gate or valve should be installed below the trash
rack to control flow and to allow the turbine to be
inspected and repaired.

24. TRASH RACK

25. 4th ELEMENT
TURBINES

26.  its function is to convert the K.E of moving water
into mechanical energy
 The water strikes and turns the large blades of a
turbine, which is attached to a generator above it by
way of a shaft.

28. WICKETS GATE
key component in hydroelectric
turbines that control the flow of
water from the input pipes
(Penstock) to the turbine
propellers/blades.

29. 5TH ELEMENT
GENERATOR

30. BASIC PRINCIPAL
 Heart of the hydroelectric .
 The basic process is to rotate a series of gaint magnets
inside coils of wire. This process moves electrons, which
produces electrical current.

31. INSIDE THE
GENERATOR:-
• 1. Shaft
2. Excitor
3. Rotor
4. Stator

32. Principle
• As the turbine turns, the excitor sends an electrical
current
to the rotor. The rotor is a series of large electromagnets
that spins inside a tightly-wound coil of copper wire,
called
the stator. The magnetic field between the coil and the
magnets creates an electric current.

33. 6TH ELEMENT:-
TRANSFORMERS

34. transformer
• Its function is to step up the voltage and
pass it out to the electrical grid or power
house

35. 7TH ELEMENT
OUTFLOW / TAILRACE:-
After passing through the turbine the water
returns to the river trough a short canal called a tailrace.

36. 8TH ELEMENT
POWER HOUSE:-

37. POWER HOUSE AND EQUIPMENTS:-
In the scheme of hydropower the role of power house is to
protect the electromechanical equipment that convert the
potential energy of water into electricity.
Following are the equipments of power plant:
1.Valve 5.Condensor
2.Turbine 6.Protection System
3.Generator 7.DC emergency Supply
4.Control System 8.Power and current transformer

38. Head gate
• Controlling the water
flowing into the channel.

41. PART-3
TYPES OF POWER PLANTS

42. Classification of Hydel
Plants
• Classification of Hydro plants based on
Hydraulic Characteristics.
• On the basis of this characteristics, the hydro plants
may be divided into the following types.
• Storage plants
• Run-off river plants
• Pumped storage plants
• Tidal plants

43. LOW MEDIU HIGH
HEAD M HEAD HEAD

44. HEAD
• The head is the vertical distance from the
surface of the water at the dam down to
the water in the stream below where the
turbine is located

45. Low He ad S c he me
• A low head scheme is one which uses
water head of less than 15 m or so. A
runoff river plant is essentially a low head
scheme. In this Scheme, a weir or a
barrage is constructed to raise the water
level , and the power house is constructed
either in continuation with the barrage or
at some distance downstream of the
barrage, where water is taken to the
power house through an intake canal.

48. Medium head hydroelectric
power plants
• Water head is more than 30 meters but
less than 300 meters
• located in the mountainous regions where
the rivers flows at high heights
• large reservoir of water

49. Medium head hydroelectric
power plants

50. High head hydroelectric power plants
• 300 meters and it can extend even up to 1000 meters
• most commonly constructed hydroelectric power plants
• Water is mainly stored during the rainy seasons and it
can be used throughout the year , thus it can generate
electricity throughout the year
• very important in the national grid because they can be
adjusted easily to produce the power as per the required
loads.
• total height of the dam depends upon a number of
factors like quantity of available water, power to be
generated, surrounding areas, natural ecosystem etc.

51. High head hydroelectric
power plants

52. High head hydroelectric
power plants

53. PART-4
ONTHER THREE
POWER PLANT

54. Run-off Rive r Plants
• Runoff river plants are those which utilizes
the minimum flow in a river having no
appreciable pondage on its upstream side.
A weir or a barrage is some times
constructed across a river simply to raise
and maintain the water level at a pre-
determined level within narrow limits of
fluctuations, either solely for the power
plants or for some other purpose where
the power plant may be incidental. Such a
scheme is essentially a low head scheme
and may be suitable only on a perennial

55. Run-off Rive r Plants

56. Pumpe d S torage Plants
• A pumped storage plant generates power
during peak hours, but during the off-peak
hours, water is pumped back from the tail
water pool to the head water pool for
future use. The pumps are run by some
secondary power from some other plants
in the system. The plants is thus primarily
meant for assisting an existing thermal
plant or some hydel plant.

57. Pumpe d S torage Plants

58. Tidal Plants
• Tidal plants for generation of hydro electric power are
the recent and modern advancements and essentially
works on the principle that there is a rise in a sea water
during high tide period and a fall during the low tide
period. The water rises and falls during the day. The
advantage of this rise and fall is taken in a tidal plant. In
other words the difference between high and low tide
level is utilized to generate power. This is accomplished
by constructing a basin separated from the ocean by a
partition wall and installing turbines in openings through
this wall. Water passes from the ocean to the basin
drainage high tides, and thus running the turbines and
generating electric power. During low tide, the water
from the basin run back to the ocean which can again be
utilized to generate electric power for either direction.
Such a plants are useful where the tidal range is high.

59. Tidal Plants

60. Tidal Plants
THE RANCE
TIDAL POWER
PLANT
IN FRANCE

61. Tidal Plants

62. PART-5
IN WORLD & INDIA
HYDROPOWER PLANTS

63. WORLD’S LARGEST HYDRO
POWER PLANT
THREE GORGES DAM
IN
CHINA

64. WORLD’S LARGEST HYDRO
POWER PLANT
CAPACITY-22,500 MW
THREE GORGES
DAM

65. Power Generation Scenario In India
Thermal Power --- 1,00,000MW
Hydro Power --- 65,000MW
Nuclear Power --- 10,000MW
 Other sources --- 20,000MW
Total Installed Capacity--- 1,95,000MW

66. INDIA’S LARGEST HYDRO
POWER PLANT
TEHRI DAM
IN
UTTARAKHAND

67. INDIA’S LARGEST HYDRO
POWER PLANT
CAPACITY-2400 MW
TEHRI DAM

68. IN GUJARAT HYDRO POWER
STATION
SARDAR SAROVAR DAM

69. SARDAR SAROVAR DAM

70. SARDAR SAROVAR DAM

71. SPACIAL THANKS
TO
Engr. UMAIR ALTAF