This presentation will educate the community about dialysis and what to expect when receiving their treatments.

1. New Patient Dialysis ProgramNew Patient Dialysis Program
Anthony Wallace, BSc., M.A., DrPH(ABD)
P.C.D.I. Healthcare and Consultants of Texas L.L.C.

2. Introduction
• This power point presentation will educate patients and caregivers on the
importance of proper eating habits to prevent dialysis. There are factors that
can not prevent a patient from becoming a dialysis patient but with
implementing practitioners’ recommendation may slow down the pathology
of the disease.
• This information may be used to educate the public in regards to early testing
and prevention of disease. However, it is recommended that patients who are
facing kidney disease must consult their licensed MD (Medical Doctor) or
licensed (ND) Naturopathic Doctor before adopting this information as a
prevention strategy.
• It is recommended standard of practice to inform your doctor or practitioner
of any alternative practices used in treating ESRD. This will ensure that the
two practices will not contradict one another.
• Most alternative methods of healing may interfere with conventional medical
techniques which may result in set back in care or even death.

3. Terms of Dialysis
• Dialysis - To extract urea from urine
• Dialystate – The “water” used for dialysis (bicarbonate and acid) mixed
together and pushed through a pipeline within the walls. The dialystate is
then used to clean the blood at the appropriate rate.
• Dry weight – is the assumed weight before the patient was placed on dialysis
or before dialysis procedure (Kg/lb).
• Urea – is the substance (toxins) that has not been filtered by the kidneys.
• Kilos – refers to the water or excess toxins that has accumulated in the
patients system. This is cause weight gain and also determines how much
time the patient will need to be on the machine. This can be corrected by diet
(Kwt).
• To dry – this means that the patient has had to many kilos taken off and will
need IV saline to hydrate the patient.
• To wet – this means that the patient will need extra time on the dialysis
machine to pull excess water from the body.
• ESRD – End stage renal disease

4. Terms of Dialysis
• Urine – is the finished product of the kidney process and is expelled out of
the body.
• Renin – is a proteolytic enzyme secreted by the kidneys
• Creatine – is the by product of kidney function. It is the breakdown of
muscle.
• HBV - High Biological Value (eggs, milk, chicken, and fish)
• nephrons - Kidney cells
• Glomerulus – is a cluster of capillaries in a capsule.
• Uric acid – the natural breakdown of cells in the body
• Brill – is the what the practitioner may hear with a stethoscope
• Thrill – is what the practitioner may feel to make sure the access is
working.
• Access point – it is the shut either in the arm or the neck.

5. History of Dialysis
• Dialysis was first discovered by
Thomas Gram
• In 1913, the first artificial kidney
was constructs. This picture is an
example of the kidney.
• 1943, William Kolff constructed
the first working dialyzer.
• In 1946, Niles Alwal produced
the first dialyzer.
• In 1948, the parallel plates
dialyzer was developed
• 1960, kiil developed a simpler
countercurrent flow method with
parallel flow (red to blue)

6. Peritoneal Dialysis
• Peritoneal dialysis is a form of dialysis
that is done in the patient’s home.
• This blood filtering procedure
requires at least one other person to
be at home with the patient in case
of an emergency.
• The patient infuses Dialystate into
their bodies through an artificial
surgical port.
• The solution then sits in the body for
an hour and then is excreted through
the same port into the sterile bag.
• Complications may include weight
gain and infections.

7. Hemodialysis
• Hemodialysis is a procedure that
most patient will be placed on
because of ESRD (end stage renal
disease). Kidney function less than
60-80%
• Hemodialysis is a form of therapy
that pulls blood from the patient’s
body and artificially filters it as the
human kidney would do.
• Most patients who are on dialysis
regularly visit the dialysis center 3
times a week and are placed on a
strict diet to prevent complications.
• Most patients who are on dialysis are
on it as a result of diabetes,
hypertension (high blood pressure),
acute renal failure, or recreational
drug use.

8. Complications of Dialysis
• The most common complication for
dialysis patient are aneurysm under
the skin.
• Aneurysm mainly come from
practitioners error. Sometime the
patient may want to be dialyzed in
the same spots because of the pain
of being dialyzed in new areas.
• Aneurysm occur when the
practitioner is inserting the needles
into the same spots over a period. It
is recommended that the practitioner
rotate sites often to prevent
aneurysm.
• Patients may become extremely
fatigued (no energy) due to the loss
of blood protein after dialysis.

9. Complications of Dialysis
• The most complication in dialysis is
cramping, nausea and vomiting, loss
of consciousness, anorexia, clotted
access ports, lost of blood pressure,
aneurysm, and death.
• If you experience any of these
symptoms please call 911 or the
dialysis center for guidance.

10. Dietary Preventions
• Dialysis patients are placed on a strict diet
which limits the amount of water and
foods containing potassium phosphate
and other minerals that can cause
complications.
• Foods that contain water such as melons
may be restricted from the diet due to the
kidneys inability to perform its checks and
balances by getting rid of the excess water
from the blood stream. Therefore, It is
recommended that the patient consumes
at least 5-6 small meals daily. Total water
intake is less than 1000ml daily.
• The acid ash diet is widely used for
individuals who are diagnosed with ESRD.
However, this diet may not be appropriate
for diabetics.

11. Resources
• National kidney foundation,
www.kidney.org
• World Health Organization,
www.who.int
• American kidney Fund,
www.kidneyfund.org
• National Kidney and Urological
Disease Information
Clearinghouse
http://kidney.niddk.nih.gov

12. References
• Health wise, uric acid in the blood, 2010
• Ed Ren, www.renux dmed.ed.ac.uk , 2011
• Mayo clinic, peritoneal dialysis, 2011