This presentation will educate the community regarding African-American health and traditional health by village practitioners.

1. AFRICAN HEALTH CULTURE
Presented by
Anthony Wallace
P.C.D.I. Healthcare and Consultants' of Texas

2. INTRODUCTION
• This presentation is intended to educate the viewers regarding
our healthcare system versus minority health. The topic chosen
pertains not only to African Americans, but to other minorities
as well.
• The presentation will give the reader knowledge regarding
public health initiatives as it relates to the low-income
populations, assess poverish and environmental challenges,
and limited prevention education within the black and
minority neighborhoods.
• We will also discover the CLAS standards, religion and its
effects on population health goals and community support.

3. DISCLAIMER
• This presentation will educate the public regarding health lifestyles
of the African-American population.
• The presentation will educate the consumers on medical slave
history, lifestyle habits, family and culture, primary religious practices,
and lastly dietary habits.
• There will be terminology and medical techniques that may offend
some audiences. The presentation is meant to educate and inform
the public of the past and how we can become healthier people.
• As always, please share all information with your primary care
physician when applying any form of alternative techniques in your
wellness journey. Applying alternative techniques without
professional guidance can cause set backs in care, unwanted side
effects, and even death. Take care and be in good health.

4. DEFINITIONS
• MD – Medical Doctor
• ND – Naturopathic Doctor
• PHN – Public Health Nurse (RN)
• LMSW – Master Licensed Social Worker
• NCCAM – National Centers for Contemporary and Alternative Medicine.
• CLAS – Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services
• QSEN – Quality and Safety Education for Nurses
• CDC – Centers for Disease Control
• SCD – Sickle Cell Disease
• DM – Diabetes Mellitus
• HTM – Hypertension

5. DEFINITIONS
• Ethics – Policies and administrative laws that govern a particular practice (i.e.
law, medicine, business).
• Witch Doctor – this is referred to as the traditional medical practitioner (TMP).
This person is the highest in the tribe secondary to the royal family. This is not
only the medical professional but the priest as well.
• Disparities – Diseases that may affect a culture or group that causes acute or
chronic deaths.
• Resource Management – This is a list of other organizations that partner with the
primary organization to care for the patient (i.e. city services, HIV testing
services, charitable organizations, churches)
• Quackery – This is a term used to signify incompetence or dangerous practice.
This is a very harsh word to use when describing medical practitioners.
• CAM – Contemporary and Alternative Medicine (i.e. naturopathy,
homeopathy, Chinese medicine, chiropractic, and acupuncture).

6. CULTURE AND HEALTH DYNAMICS
• According to dictionary.com, culture is defined as the
behaviors and belief characteristics of a particular social,
ethnic, or age group.
• Culture and healthcare services are joint ventures in aiding the
sick and the poor against disparities. As clinicians, we must look
past racial backgrounds and treat our patients as equal
partners in their wellness journey.
• There are culture as well as interracial that may contribute to
healthcare science in relation to new genetic disorders,
susceptible immunotative environmental diseases (SIED), and
pharmakinetics metabolistic research.

7. CULTURAL SENSITIVITY IN HEALTHCARE
• Relationships are the building blocks that we establish as practitioners of health
during the consultation, intermediate treatment phases, and end of treatment
discharging.
• Cultural aspects in the American-American community can differ from one
person to the next. There are no two individuals the same in their characteristic.
One person does not represent the whole culture but one aspect; they are
black.
• Cultural sensitivity is the awareness of one’s individuality that impacts another
culture. We must look at our gestures, our speech and tone, and our
knowledge of class within the cultures.
• In the African-American community, there is really not a special consideration
when caring for patients in this community, but respect. There are religious sects
such as Islamic, the brother and sisterhood, and paganism. Respect of ones
religion is determined between it participants on the rights and privileges.

8. CULTURALLY AND LINGUISTICALLY
APPROPRIATE SERVICES
• When caring for patients within the
African culture, it is best to be familiar
with the medicinal background.
• Never under any circumstances deny a
patient the right to see their tradition
doctor (witch doctor).
• This has been a trade market within the
tribes in Africa. The witch doctor the
practitioner within the tribe. If there is a
disagreement with the witch doctor’s
treatments, it is best to tell the witch
doctor along and not in front of his tribe.
This is very disrespectful.
• We must assess the patient’s primary
language, the treatments by traditional
doctors and their actions, and
willingness to trust our facility care
regimen.
• CLAS Standards Explanation Video
• The video will give you more
detailed information about
the Culturally and
Linguistically Appropriate
Services (CLAS).

9. CASE SCENARIO
• A nurse is taking care of a 45-year
old African-American male with a
chief complaint of stomach pains.
• The patient is 5’2 with a gross
weight of 250lbs but otherwise
appears to have no other
symptoms.
• The patient is in need of
professional care as illustrated in
the side. The misconception of
care is that the patient is in need
of the care because of his weight.
On the other hand, the patient
may perceive mistrust within the
American healthcare system due
to racial discrimination or past
generational past experiences.

10. CULTURALLY AND LINGUISTICALLY
APPROPRIATE SERVICES
• Facility administrators must properly assess their surrounding
communities (program assessment)to ensure proper resource
management at the start of the program.
• We need to establish resource policies and procedures to
facilitate community needs (i.e. language barriers, low-income
population, and limited resources).
• Administrative staff must monitor the neighborhood for
objective changes in disparities to educate, inspire others to
change unhealthily habits, and evaluate program initiatives to
build on new programs in the future.

11. AFRICAN-AMERICAN LEADING
DISPARITIES STATISTICS
• Sickle Cell Anemia (SCD)
• SCD affects 900,000 to 100,000
Americans.
• Hypertension (HTN)
• 66.3 % of blacks and Mexican
Americans are more likely to have
hypertension.
• Diabetes Mellitus (sweet urine)
• Diabetes strikes about 24 million people
worldwide. 57 million Americans are
considered pre-diabetes. In addition,
5.7 million people are unaware they
have diabetes.
• Taken from the CDC website(2011),
retrieved from www.cdc.gov .

12. MEDICAL TECHNIQUES
• Conventional Techniques
• This form of practice can only be
performed by an MD/DO.
• This form of practice will use
pharmaceuticals to aid in the patient
healing journey. The options of
alternative medicine are limited.
• The only form of TCM that is used in the
form of medical techniques is
conventional naturopathy (NMD), which
is an approach to combining both
practices into one discipline. NMDs can
only practice in some states but it is still
illegal to practice in Texas.
• Conventional methods of lavatory
analysis similar to the traditional
methods, but differ in collection
techniques and meanings.
• Traditional Techniques
• This form of medicine uses earth, wind,
and water to aid in treating patients.
Traditional Naturopathy may aid the
patient by diagnoses, sensitivity and
allergies, and herbal compounding as a
medicinal intervention.
• Herbals and dietary changes are similar
in both disciplines, but it is an essential
practice in natural medicine.
Environmental factors play a sufficient
role in the patients healing (i.e. sun
bathing, fresh water, air purification.
• The video on the next slide will tell you
more detailed information regarding
both disciplines and how they similar in
techniques.

13. DIETARY CONTRIBUTION TO DISEASE
• The African-American diet is
filled will pork fat, salt, sugar,
and in some cases MSG
(magnesium salts).
• Many minorities are subject
to high blood pressure,
diabetes, and other blood
diseases because of diet.
• In some cases it is hard
financially afford high
quality food that promotes
health; it’s so expensive.
• This video will give the client
some insight on dietary
wellness without the use of
many supplements, but
getting back to nature.
• Proper Health from Food Sources Vide
• This video will educate the
community regarding
dietary changes to improve
health.

14. RELIGION AND HEALTH PROMOTION
• I believe that we can address healthcare disparities within the church.
Most parishioners will ignore the practitioners and believe that God will
heal them. God is a healer but he also put practitioners here to help aid in
education and prevention.
• Health promotion is a cohesive, integrated, and comprehensive approach
to healthcare considering the distribution of health outcomes within a
population, the health determinants that influences distribution of care,
and the polices and intervention that impact and are impacted by the
determinants (Nash et. al, 2011).
• A health promotion plan is essential to a successful program. Religion plays
a sufficient role in parishioner participation. Most parishioners will accept
the practitioners advice if it is associated with the biblical principals.
• We must teach our religious community even though being diagnosed
with a particular disease, this does not mean that the devil is attacking. We
must educate our community on unhealthy lifestyles and the
consequence as a result.

15. HEALTHCARE RELATIONSHIP THEORY

16. HEALTHCARE RELATIONSHIP THEORY
• According to the powerpoint presentation healthcare ministry, we
have a duty to educate, inspire, and help those that are in need.
• Social service workers are key to ensuring patients are not alone.
Administrators need to establish policy and procedure in assessment
theory. We must screen the patient appropriately to ensure that the
right services are being extended. We need to prevent waste of
essential resources.
• This my educated theory that I feel appropriate for rendering
services to the community. We must first determine the patients
education level regarding their disease. Most patients will tell the
practitioner about their faith in healing (i.e. I don’t receive that in
the name of Jesus). We must educate our parishioners to accept
the issues, pray for healing, and conduct the treatment needed to
cure the element.

17. HEALTHCARE RELATIONSHIP THEORY
• The patient, once diagnosed, must
receive resources immediately.
There are many discipline’s that
may contribute to the patients
wellness journey.
• We can implement mental health
counseling services, public health
nursing services, health educator or
community health workers, and
other outside ministries.
• These are essential in caring for the
patient. There must be a plan of
thought and execution in order to
extend arms to the community(i.e.
administrative review, consultant
review, media coverage, and the
workforce to implement the plan of
course).

18. SPECIAL SUPPORT SYSTEM
• Launching healthcare programs can
become a harder task without financial
backing. Grants offered by the
government can add extra working
capital along with private donations.
• City services, regional services offered
by the state, and professional expert
staff may save revenue to enhance
your contribution into the community
• Having good resource management
policies and procedures may save the
agency from wasteful time and energy
due to unqualified individuals.
• There are organizations that are race-
related and may provide expert
information regarding disease
management, question and answer
segments, research data and statistics.

19. NATUROPATHIC RECOMMENDATIONS
• In African–American health, we must
address the stereotyping on both side.
• Most black/minority patients do not
want to go into the hospital due to fear
of mistreatment and prejudice,
misinformed experimentation, low
coverage or no insurance, and no
supportive services offered to them.
• The nursing and medical staff in some
cases assume you are on Medicaid
services, unemployed or employed
minimum wage, and angry black man
syndrome.
• These are not true at all when
approaching African-Americans about
their health. Most want to be informed ,
while others do not care. There are
many characteristics in every race. It is
just this one may stick out.

20. REFERENCES
• Terrell, K. (2011). Study: Income, Not Race, Maybe the Biggest Predictor in
Health Habits, black entertainment television. retrieved from
http://www.bet.com/news/health/2011/12/08/study-income-not-race-may-be-
the- biggest-predictor-in-health-habits.html
• Timmons, S. (2010). African-American Church Health Programs: What Works?,
Vol. 27(2), Journal of Christian Nursing, pg 100-105
• NCCAM. (2011). A link Between Omega-6 and Chronic Disease-Does Ancestry
Play a Role, National Institute of Health. Retrieved from
http://nccam.nih.gov/research/results/spotlight/053011.htm?nav=gsa.
• CDC. (2013). Racial Ethnic Disparities in the Awareness, Treatment, and Control
of Hypertension-United States, 2003- 2010, Vol. 62(18), Retrieved from
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6218a2.htm?
s_cid=mm6218a2_w.
• Harper, D. (2010). Culture. Retrieved from dictonaray.com,
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/culture

21. REFERENCES
• Air mail Music. (1996). Percussions d’Afrique: African Drums.
Productions Sunset France, FR, Melodie Distribution.
• Wallace, A, (2011), Food From proper food sources, PCDI
Healthcare and Consultants. Retrieved from YouTube,
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n80E1DLkdbM.
• Nash, D., Reifsnyder, J., Fabius, R., Pracilio, V (2011), Population
Health: Creating A Culture of Wellness, Sudbury, MA, Jones
and Bartlett Learning
• U.S. Department of Humans Services, (2013), The National CLAS
Standards. Retrieved from
http://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/templates/browse.aspx?lvl=
2&lvlID=15.