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Final solid state synthesis paola and anthony
1. Solid-State Synthesis of Mixed-
Metal OxidesPaola G. Caballero León
Anthony Hernández Rivera
Dr. Lukasz Koscielski
RISE Program
University of Puerto Rico at Cayey
2. Introduction
Solid State
Chemistry
Materials Science
Synthesis, structure, and properties of
solid materials
Solid State
Synthesis
Production of a solid substance by
combining simpler substances through
a chemical process.
High
Temperature
Reaction in
Solvents
“Shake and Bake” Procedure
Involves precipitating the solid
from a solvent
3. Technological Applications
• Solid State Electronics
– Semiconductors
• Transistors
• Silicon Chips
• Photocells
• Cooperative Magnetic Behavior
– Ferromagnetism and Antiferromagnetism
• Reactions
– Catalysts (Salamat et al. 2011)
4. Specific Aims
• Synthesize new mixed metal oxide
compounds that exhibit distinct properties
resulting in a variety of applications for a
wide range of fields.
• Synthesize a mixed metal oxide with the
pyrochloric structure of A2B2O7
(Salamat et al. 2011)
5. Problem and Hypothesis
• Problem
– Can novel mixed metal oxide crystals be
obtained from a high temperature reaction of
solid powder reactants?
• Hypothesis
– Due to the wide array of stoichiometric
proportions, novel mixed metal oxide crystals
can be obtained from a high temperature
reaction of solid powder reactants.
19. Methodology
1. Silica tubes are used because
of its ability to withstand
extreme pressures (10atm)
2. Pairs of tubes are split in half
using a special acetylene
flame.
3. Using the acetylene flame,
the bottom side of the tube is
ideally molded so the
reactants don’t pour out.
4. 2-3 drops of acetone are
added to the tubes, and the
bottom part of the tube is
flamed using a Bunsen
burner.
5. This step is repeated on three
separate occasions, in order
to create a three carbon lining
layer.
6. Finely powdered starting
materials are individually
added to the tubes and then
place in an oven at 500˚C-
1000˚C for approximately 1-2
weeks.
23. Future Work
• Load our respective reactions using finely
powdered starting materials available at
the laboratory, elements: Sn, Pb, Sb, and
Bi (groups 14/15, 14/14, and 15/15).
• Synthesize new mixed-metal oxide
compounds according to the established
reactions.
25. Solid-State Synthesis of Mixed-
Metal OxidesPaola G. Caballero León
Anthony Hernández Rivera
Dr. Lukasz Koscielski
RISE Program
University of Puerto Rico at Cayey
Editor's Notes
Cooperative Magnetic Behavior- this more complicated phenomenon occurs only in the solid state where interactions between the magnetic moments of adjacent metal ions in the infinite non-molecular structure can occur.
Ferromagnetic- are not only able to develop very large magnetization in a magnetic field, but they remain permanently magnetized when removed from the field
Antiferromagnetic- behave in a manner opposite
One of the shortcomings of this procedure is that it is often difficult to predict the stoichiometry of the product. For this reason, solid state synthesis is considered an exploratory field of science.
A large number of the most interesting inorganic compounds in the solid state , and especially in crystalline form, are prepared at high temperatures (>500C)
One of the most widely used procedures (“shake and bake”) involves mixing two or more finely powdered starting materials, placing the mixture in a sealed inert container, and heating the entire container in an oven.
