1. Muscle Disorders,
Diseases and Injuries

2. Here are some disorders, injuries
and diseases of the muscles :
1. CRAMPS
- involve sudden and violent
muscle contractions. A person may
experience painful cramps of certain
skeletal muscles or smooth muscles.
a.) HEAT CRAMPS
- commonly develop when one
works or does physical activity in the
heat.

3. b. Stomach/intestinal cramps
- cramps may also
develop in the internal organs
which are made of smooth
muscles. The stomach or
intestine may suddenly and
painfully contract. This may be
due to poor eating habits or
from chilling the stomach.

4. 2. Muscle Soreness/Muscle Strain
- Hard muscular work may cause
skeletal muscles to become sore. In
severe cases, the soreness may last up
to four days. The muscle soreness may
be due to the damage in the muscle and
connective tissues. Such damage may be
the result of exerting too much force or
resistance. It may also be the result of
overtaining and improper technique in
practicing sports.

5. 3. Muscle Diseases/Disorders
Two major classes of muscle diseases
that affect the skeletal muscles are
muscular atrophy and muscular
dystrophy.
a. Atrophy diseases and damage the
brain or nerves that stimulate muscles.
b. Muscular dystrophy is a serious
disease that directly affects muscles. It
weakens the skeletal muscles.

6. 1. Duchenne muscular dystrophy
is the most common and most rapidly
progressive childhood muscle disease.
It usually affects only boys . The first
sign of the disease is difficulty in
walking from 2 to 6 years old. Later,
the child falls frequently and cannot
run. Walking and standing become
more difficult At adolescence a
wheelchair is needed. The disease
eventually affects most muscles of the
body.

7. 22. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or
ALS is a rare incurable and painless
disease of the nervous system. ALS
develops when certain motor neurons in
the brain and spinal column break down
and die. As the motor neurons break
down or die, they send irregular impulses
to the muscles. Small muscles twitches
occur. The arms and legs become
increasingly weak and the patient has
trouble in walking and in using the
hands. Finally, the patient becomes
paralyzed and dies.

8. Poliomyelitis
Poliomyelitis also called POLIO or
infantile paralysis. It is a serious
infection caused by a virus that
may enter the mouth or nose. It
travels to the intestines and into a
blood. When the virus reaches a
nerve cell, it multiplies rapidly and
invade many nerve cells.