2. Some adverb clauses may also be changed to modifying phrases, and the ways in which the change are made are the same:
3. Omit the subject of the dependent clause and the be form of the verb. Some adverb clauses may also be changed to modifying phrases, and the ways in which the change are made are the same If there is no beform of a verb, omit the subject and change the verb to –ing.
4. Adverb Clause. While I was walking to class, I ran into an old friend. Phrase Modifying While walking to class, I ran into an old friend.
5. While I was sitting in class, I felt asleep While Ann was sitting in class, she felt asleep. . While sitting in class, Ann felt asleep. While sitting in class, I felt asleep.
6. An adverb clause can be change to a modifying phrase. Only when the subject of the adverb clause and the subject of the main clause are the same.
7. No Change Possible: While the teacher was lecturing to the class, I felt asleep. While we were walking home, a frog hopped across the road in front of us.
8. Clause: Since Maria came to this country, she has made many friends. Phrase: Since coming to this country, Maria has made many friends
9. Expressing the Idea of "During the Same Time" in Modifying Adverbial Phrases Sometimes while is omitted but the -ing phrases at the beginning of the sentence gives the same meaning (during the same time).
11. Expressing cause and Effect in modifying adverbial phrases Often an -ing phrases at the beginning of a sentence gives the meaning of "because“.
12.
13. Having + past participle gives the meaning not only of "because" but also of "before". (e) Having seen that movie before, I don't want to go again.
14. A form of be in the adverb clause may be changed to being. The used of being makes the cause and effect relationship clear. (f), (g), and (h) have the same meaning. (f) Because she was unable to afford a car, she bought a bicycle. (g) Being unable to afford a car, she bought a bicycle. (h) Unable to afford a car, she bought a bicycle.
15. Using Upon + ing in Modifying adverb Modifying adverbial phrases beginning with upon + ing usually have the same meaning as adverb clauses introduced by when.(a) an (b) have the same meaning. (a) Upon reaching the age of 21, I received my inheritance.(b) When I reaching the age of 21, I received my inheritance.
16. Upon can be shortened to on. (a), (b), and (c) all have the same meaning. (c) On reaching the age of 21, I received my inheritance.
