A Critique of the Proposed National Education Policy Reform
Arnold prato cirn12
1. Open Educational Resources: The Way to Go, or
“Mission Impossible” in (German) Higher Education?
Patricia Arnold
Munich University of Applied Sciences, Germany
CIRN 2012 Community Informatics Conference: 'Ideals meet
Reality', Monash Centre, Prato Italy 7-9 Nov. 2012
2. Open Education in Germany – some stories to start…
“Even in Germany the
Opening e-portfolio view to
question is ‘which MOOC
the public contradicts
to take?’ instead of ‘how to
university‘s IT policy…
take a MOOC?” (Franz
2012, transl. PA )
„Open Education - Billions
in the US, questions in
Germany” (Dobusch 2012)
“The Edupunks are coming!
” (ZEIT 14.06.2012, transl.
PA )
2012: - one decade of „Open Educational Resources
- Paris OER Declaration (UNESCO 2012 )
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CIRN 2012, Patricia Arnold, arnold@hm.edu
3. Agenda
1. Some Preliminary Remarks
2. Open Educational Resources – Concept and Recent
Developments
3. Examples – Internationally and in German-speaking Higher
Education
4. Backstage – Drivers and Impediments
5. Conclusions
Questions? – Discussion!
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CIRN 2012, Patricia Arnold, arnold@hm.edu
4. What are Open Educational Resources? I
No agreed upon definition, coined by UNESCO 2002
“the open provision of educational resources, enabled by information and
communication technologies, for consultation, use and adaptation by a
community of users for non-commercial purposes” (UNESCO 2002, 26)).
“digitized materials offered freely and openly for educators, students and
self-learners to use and re-use for teaching, learning and research” (Hylen
2006, 1)
No or low barriers in terms of costs, technologies or copyrights
„open“ refers to 4 Rs: reuse, revise, remix, redistribute
apply alternative licensing such as e.g. Creative Commons Licences)
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CIRN 2012, Patricia Arnold, arnold@hm.edu
5. Whar are Open Educational Resources? II
Source: OECD 2007
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CIRN 2012, Patricia Arnold, arnold@hm.edu
6. What are Open Educational Resources? III
Source:
SURF
2012, 4
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CIRN 2012, Patricia Arnold, arnold@hm.edu
7. Example MIT OpenCourseWare
http://ocw.mit.edu/index.htm
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CIRN 2012, Patricia Arnold, arnold@hm.edu
8. Example OpenLearn OU
http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/
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CIRN 2012, Patricia Arnold, arnold@hm.edu
9. Example OER Commons
Connected to renaissance of the „Commons“
http://www.oercommons.org/
Institute for the Study of Knowledge
Management in Education (ISKME), William
and Flora Hewlett Foundation
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CIRN 2012, Patricia Arnold, arnold@hm.edu
11. Example Open Textbook on Learning and Teaching with
Technologies (L3T)
http://l3t.eu
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CIRN 2012, Patricia Arnold, arnold@hm.edu
12. Recent Development: Open Educational Practices
OPAL-Study 2011: “Beyond OER: Shifting Focus from Resources to
Practices”
“practices which support the production, use and reuse of high quality Open
Educational Resources (OER) through institutional policies, which promote
innovative pedagogical models, and respect and empower learners as co-
producers on their lifelong learning path” (OPAL 2011, 12).
Including innovative educational designs, e.g. Massive Open Online
Courses MOOC (learner centered, peer learning, collaborative learning)
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CIRN 2012, Patricia Arnold, arnold@hm.edu
16. Slow Uptake in German–speaking Higher Education
Proxy indicators
no national OER strategy, OER research program or OCW initiavive
1 Austrian University in OCW Consortium
<5% German-speaking universities in iTunesU
Few examples in international reports
Two empirical studies Braun 2008, Deimann & Bastiaens 2010
-> slow uptake
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CIRN 2012, Patricia Arnold, arnold@hm.edu
17. OER: Backstage – Drivers & Impediments
Drivers Impediments
Conviction knowledge as a public
good Complex process of negotiation
between stakeholders
Better leveraging of public funding
Lacking sustainable business
Reach new target groups models
Reducing costs of content creation Difficult to reach critical mass
Internal quality assurance Lacking support & training for staff
Experimenting with educational
innovative Lack of institutional support
Lack of skills & tools
Include international perspective
Lack of trust & time
Gain access to high-quality
materials Lack of quality & matching
Broaden education, autonomous Matching opportunities
learning, informed choice Lacking accreditation
UNESCO 2009, OLCOS(Geser) 2007, SIG OER 2012, OECD (Hylen) Slide 17
CIRN 2012, Patricia Arnold, arnold@hm.edu
2006, OPAL 2011
18. OER: Backstage – Special Barriers in Germany?
Braun 2008 / Deimann & Bastiaens 2010
Deeply uprooted practice not to employ teaching material other than that
is self-produced (not-invented here)
Lacking materials that match cultural context and competence level
Language barrier
Too few good practice examples
Legal issues: little knowledge of alternative licensing
Technical issues: few easy to use repositories and sharing tools
Federalist educational system -> even more difficult to devise a national
strategy
Less competiveness between universities
UNESCO 2009, OLCOS(Geser) 2007, SIG OER 2012, OECD (Hylen) Slide 18
CIRN 2012, Patricia Arnold, arnold@hm.edu
2006, OPAL 2011
19. Conclusions – how to push uptake forward?
Top-down elements: national and organizational strategies, incentive
systems
Bottom-up approaches: more good practice examples
Promote alternative licensing, e.g. Creative Commons
Further research questions: how to design incentive systems?, how to build
communities around OER-repositories?, actual student use of OER in
German speaking higher education?
Didderen & Verjans (2012, 15) “The key question here is whether our
higher education institutions and individual instructors can afford to
adopt a ‘wait-and-see’ attitude in the light of these [OER and OEP]
movements. Asking that question in fact amounts to answering it!
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CIRN 2012, Patricia Arnold, arnold@hm.edu
20. Thank you …
Partially funded by
…..for your attention!
Questions? Discussion!
Contact:
Patricia Arnold
Professor of Socio-Informatics
Munich University of Applied Sciences
arnold@hm.edu
patriciaarnold.wikispaces.com
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CIRN 2012, Patricia Arnold, arnold@hm.edu
21. Bezug zur Tagung und Aktualität des Themas II
„Die Edupunks kommen!“ , ZEIT-Interview mit Ayad al Ani, europe
wirtschaftshochscule Berlin, 14.06.2012, 69):
neue Formen des selbst bestimmten, vernetzten Studierens mit OER
Materilalien wie MOOCS (Massive Open Online Courses), iTunes U
-> Edupunk‘s guide to a D.I.Y credential“ (http://edupunksguide.org /)
Ende 2011 MOOC mit Stanford Professor Thrun zu Künstlicher Intelligenz
mit mehr als 160 000 Studierenden, zurzeit läuft deutschsprachiger MOOC
zu „Trends im E-Teaching“ http://opco12.de/ mit mehr als 1000 TN
UNESCO 2012 World Open Educational Resources (OER) Congress startet
am 20.06.2012 in Paris
Der Begriff “Open Educational Resources” feiert in diesem Jahr 10jährigen
Geburtstag
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CIRN 2012, Patricia Arnold, arnold@hm.edu
22. Was sind Creative Commons Lizenzen?
sechs verschiedenen CC-Lizenzen (deutscher Rechtsraum, Version
3.0)
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CIRN 2012, Patricia Arnold, arnold@hm.edu
23. Was sind Open Educational Resources? II
Quelle: e-teaching.org, in Anlehnung an OECD 2007, 31
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CIRN 2012, Patricia Arnold, arnold@hm.edu