1. 2.1/2.2 Notes
Parker Nolan

2. Pure Substances
Pure Substance:
Matter that always has
Every sample of a given
exactly the same substance has the same
composition properties because a
substance has a fixed,
uniform composition.
Examples: Table salt and table sugar

3. Elements
Element: A
An element has a
substance that
fixed composition
cannot be broken because it contains
down into simpler only one type of
substances. atom.
An atom is the
smallest particle of an
element.

4. Compounds
Compound:
A compound A substance that is
always contains made from two or
two or more more simpler
elements joined substances and
in a fixed can be broken
proportion. down into those
simpler
Example: Silicon dioxide

5. Mixtures The properties of a
mixture are less
consistent than the
The properties of properties of a substance.
a mixture can
vary because the
composition of Mixtures can be
a mixture is not classified by how well
fixed. the parts of the mixture
are distributed
throughout the
mixture.

6. Heterogeneous Homogenous
In a heterogenous
mixture, the parts of a
In a homogenous
mixture are noticeably
mixture, the substances
different.
are so evenly distributed
that it is difficult to
distinguish one
Greek:
substance from another.
Hetero means different
Genus means kind

7. Colloid
When substances A colloid
dissolve and form a contains some
homogenous mixture, particles that
the mixture that forms is are
called a solution intermediate in
ions Solutions size between
the small
A suspension is a particles in a
heterogenous mixture solution and the
that separates into larger particles
layers over time. in a suspension

8. Physical Properties - Viscosity
The tendency of a liquid
to keep from flowing,
the resistance to flow, is The viscosity of a liquid
viscosity. usually decreases when
heated.
The greater the
viscosity, the slower
the liquid moves.

9. Distillation
A process that Practical use:
separates the Providing water for
substances in a solution submarines
based on their boiling
points

10. Filtration
A process that Practical:
separates the materials A strainer
based on the size of
their particles.

11. Evaporation
A process used to Property:
isolate a solid Solubility
dissolved in a liquid.

12. Flammability
A materials ability to
burn in the presence of
of oxygen.
Sometimes, not a
desirable property

13. Reactivity
how readily a
substance
combines
chemically
with other
substances.
Low reactivity: Nitrogen