1. Chapter Infants and Children Twenty-Five

3. Newborns and Infants: Birth to 1 Year

7. Toddler: 1 to 3 Years

10. Preschool: 3 to 6 Years

13. School Age: 6 to 12 Years

15. Adolescent: 12 to 18 Years

17. Airway Differences between Adults and Children

20. Opening the airway Use head-tilt, chin-lift procedure without hyperextension.

24. INFANTS Back blows and chest thrusts CHILDREN Abdominal thrusts Remove visible foreign body. Clearing Foreign Body Obstructions Attempt artificial ventilation with BVM.

27. Nonrebreather Mask

30. Mouth-to-Mask Ventilation

40. P EDIATRIC RESPIRATORY EMERGENCIES

46. Tell new EMT-Bs that pediatric care experts emphasize that the priority of children in respiratory distress is “AAA,” not just “ABC.” In other words, if you manage the patient’s airway and oxygenate, circulation improvement will follow! P RECEPTOR P EARL

52. Signs of Respiratory Distress

54. P EDIATRIC TRAUMA

55. Trauma In the United States, injuries kill more children and infants than any other cause of death.

67. Tell new EMT-Bs that one way to remember how little blood children have is to envision that an infant’s total blood volume would fill only a soda can and a school age child’s a six-pack. P RECEPTOR P EARL

70. Signs of Shock (Hypoperfusion)

73. Abuse Improper or excessive action so as to injure or cause harm Neglect Giving insufficient attention or respect to someone who has a claim to that attention K EY TERMS

74. Physical abuse and neglect are forms of child abuse EMT-B is most likely to suspect. EMT-B must be aware of condition in order to recognize it.

75. Tell new EMT-Bs that the ED physician is required to report cases of child abuse. Therefore, they should complete the PCR with factual information that they observed about the child’s home environment, the condition of the home, the reaction of the parents or other caretakers, the child’s hygiene, and general interaction of all family members involved, and call it to the attention of the physician. P RECEPTOR P EARL

81. P EDIATRIC MEDICAL EMERGENCIES

93. I NFANTS AND CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS

102. Shunt Tube running from brain to abdomen to drain excess cerebrospinal fluid Gastrostomy Tube Tube placed directly into the stomach for a child who cannot be fed by mouth K EY TERMS

105. 1. Describe two characteristics of a typical child in each of the five age groups. 2. Describe the management of pediatric respiratory distress. 3. How do children compensate for blood loss compared to an adult? 4. What are some indications of child abuse? R EVIEW QUESTIONS