Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures of the digestive system.

1. Digestive System
By
Peprah Apenteng

2. What Is Digestive System ?
• The digestive system, also called
gastrointestinal (GI) tract or gut, is the
continuous, muscular digestive tube that
winds through the body. It breaks down food
into smaller fragments and absords the
nutrients for the body.

4. Diagnostic Procedure.
• This is a test performed on patients, principally
from the laboratory and medical imaging.
Examples of diagnostic procedure include :
• Clinical laboratory test (Serum bilirubin, Fecal
occult blood, etc.)
• Diagnostic Imaging (bite-wing x-ray, intravenous
cholecystography, etc.)
• Endoscopic procedures ( gastroscopy,
colonoscopy, laparoscopy, etc.)

5. What is colonoscopy?
• It is the endoscopic examination of the large and distal
part of the small intestine with a fiber optic camera on
a flexible tube passed through the anus. This will
provide a visual diagnosis and grant the opportunity for
biopsy or removal of suspected lesions.
• Conditions that calls for colonoscopies
• Gastrointestinal hemorrhage
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Colon cancer
• Unexplained drop in hermatocrit

6. Colonoscopy Procedure:
• Patient must be free of solid matter for the test to be
performed properly.
• Patient is given laxative or sodium phosphate a day before
the colonoscopy.
• Digital rectal examination is performed
• Endoscope is then passed through the anus up the rectum,
the colon, and finally the terminal ileum.
• Bowel is occasionally insufflated with air to maximize
visibility.
• Contrast-dye such as indigo carmine may be sprayed
through the endoscope onto the intestinal walls to enhance
visualize any abnormalities in mucosal morphology.

7. .

8. Advantage
• Advantage of colonoscopy over x- imaging or
other, is the ability to perform therapeutic
interventions during the test. A aftereffect of
colonoscopy is a bout of flatulence and minor
pain.

9. Serum bilirubin.
• Is a blood test to determine the amount of the
waste product bilirubin in the blood stream. High
levels indicate liver disease.
• Clinical Importance of Serum Bilirubin.
• Indication of the severity of hepatic dysfunction.
• Correlation of bilirubin concentration with
jaundice.
• Urine bilirubin
• Value of fractionating the bilirubin
• Significance of the height of the serum bilirubin.

10. How The Test is Performed
• Blood sample is collected through
venipuncture
• Patient should not eat nor drink for at least 4
hours before the test
• Patient should avoid drugs that may change
the bilirubin level.

12. Therapeutic Procedure.
• This is a procedure in which the patient
experiences relief from a symptom, a stop to
the progression of a disease. Examples of
therapeutic procedures are :
• Dental procedures- extraction, root canal.
• Medical Procedure- gavage, lavage
• Surgical procedure- anastomosis, bariatric,
colostomy, hernioplasty, and liver transplant.

13. Lavage
• This is using nasogastric tube to wash out hollow
cavity or organs. The importance of the
procedure is to take unwanted substance such as
poisons or drug over dose.
• Specific Types of Lavage
• Gastric lavage
• Ductal lavage
• Peritoneal lavage
• Bronchi alveolar lavage

14. Equipment:
• TUM E- Vac- KIT, Activated Charcoal,
Protective equipment, Oral airways, and
suction equipment.

15. Procedure for Gastric Lavage.
• To facilitate passage of tube and prevent
aspiration, patient should be placed on left
side.
• Remove denture and partial plates
• Have emesis basin and tissues readily
available.
• Properly set up and use the TUM-VAC gastric
lavage system to slowly remove unwanted
stomach content.

17. Hernioplasty
• This a surgical repair of a hernia. If the Hernia is
bulging out of the abdominal wall (direct hernia),
the bulge is pushed back into place.
• Procedure Inguinal Hernioplasty
• A long incision is made over the hernia the hernia
and the intestinal content or pushed back into
the abdomen.
• The abdominal wall is reinforced with stiches or a
mesh to cover the entire inguinal area.
• The patch is secured with suture, clips or staples.

19. Reference.
/www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-aspects-of-serum-bilirubin-determination
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003479.htm
http://www.surgery.com/article/therapeutic-procedure
http://dictionary.webmd.com/terms/lavage
http://gastriclavage.net/
http://stage.smh.com/sections/services-
procedures/medlib/nursing/NursPandP/spe10_Gastric_082708.pdf