Charles V and Philip II´s reigns

1. THE 16TH CENTURY
IN THE IBERIAN PENINSULA:
THE HISPANIC EMPIRE

2. CHARLES V
(1517-1556)

3. CHARLES I´S
FAMILY TREE

4. Charles with his paternal family:
Emperor Maximilian of Habsburg,
Philip the Handsome and Mary of
Burgundy
Joanna the Mad with Charles and
one of his sisters

5. CHARLES I´S HERITAGE
BLUE: CASTILE (including
the Canary Islands antd the
Indies)
ORANGE: ARAGON
GREEN: HOUSE OF
AUSTRIA (HABSBURG
TERRITORIES)
PURPLE: BURGUNDY

6. Born in Ghent in 1500, he didn´t arrive
in the Iberian Peninsula until 1517
He brought many Flemish counselors with him.
When his grandfather Maximilian died, he left
Cardinal Adrian of Utrecht as regent of Castile
and Aragon and went to Germany to be
appointed as Emperor of the Holy Roman
Empire.

7. Emblem of the Holy Roman Empire
Charles V´s Empire emblem

8. INTERNAL PROBLEMS: REVOLTS IN CASTILE AND ARAGON

9. REVOLT OF THE COMUNEROS IN CASTILE

10. This revolt started in 1520 and it finished
in 1521.
- Many Castilian cities revolted
against the king due to the new
taxes they had to pay.
- They also protested against the
foreigners who held the most
important posts in Castile and wanted
these posts for Castilian people.
-They asked for protection for Castilian
manufactures
-In some places peasants revolted
againts their lords.
The Comuneros visited queen Juana I The leaders of the revolt, Padilla,
Bravo and Maldonado, were executed
in Tordesillas in order to try to get her
support, but Charles made an agreement
with the Castilian nobles and they
defeated the Comuneros in Villalar
(23th April 1521)

11. REVOLT OF THE GERMANIAS IN ARAGON
- It lasted from 1521 to 1523.
- It developed in Valencia and Mallorca
-Revolt of peasants and craftsmen who
wanted to have access to the government
of municipalities and an improvement
in the renting conditions of land.
-The leaders of the revolt were Vicent Peris
and Joan Llorenç
-The king signed an alliance with the
nobles and together they defeated the
revolted
Agermanats with Adrian of Utrecht

12. FOREIGN POLICY
Charles V´s imperial idea: UNIVERSITAS CHRISTIANA: Supremacy of the Emperor
over all the Christian kingdoms and defense of Christianity.
DEFENSE OF THE EMPIRE
OBJECTIVES
DEFENSE OF CATHOLICISM
WARS AGAINST FRANCE
PROBLEMS WARS AGAINST THE MUSLIMS
WARS AGAINST THE PROTESTANTS

13. WARS AGAINST FRANCE
KING FRANCIS I
OF FRANCE
BATTLE OF PAVIA, 1525
After several wars, the Emperor´s armies conquered Milan.

14. WARS AGAINST THE MUSLIMS
Suleyman the
Magnificent
In the Mediterranean Sea, In Eastern Europe, he stopped the Ottoman
conquest of Tunis Turks in Vienna

15. WARS AGAINST THE PROTESTANTS IN THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE
Diet of Worms, 1521.
Excommunication of the Lutherans
War against the Schmalkaldic League,
alliance of Lutheran princes.
Charles V defeated them at Mühlberg
in 1547. Charles V at Mühlberg (1547)

16. AUGSBURG PEACE, 1555
This agreement theoretically consecrated
religious freedom in the Holy Roman Empire:
every prince could choose the religion he
preferred, but all the citizens of his state had
to have the same religion of his prince
(CUIUS REGIS, EIUS RELIGIO).
This agreement meant the end of religion wars
in the Empire, but intolerance continued.

17. Charles V enthroned over his defeated enemies: from left to right, Suleiman,
Pope Clement VII, Francis I, the Duke of Cleves, the Duke of Saxony and the
Landgrave of Hesse.

18. Different
portraits of
Charles V.
After so many wars, Charles V decided
to abdicate in 1556.
He divided his heritage between his
son Philip and his brother Ferdinand.
Charles V´s Abdication

19. Portrait of Charles V, Isabella of Portugal
painted by Rubens
Ferdinand, Charles´s brother,
Inherited the Holy Roman Empire.
Philip II inherited the rest of the Empire
(except Burgundy)

20. Charles V retired to the Monastery of Yuste,
where he died in 1558.

21. PHILIP II
(1556-1598)

22. PHILIP II´S EMPIRE
Although Philip II didn´t inherit the Holy Roman Empire, he was the king of a
huge Empire.

23. In 1565 he annexed the Philippines Islands and in 1580 he
added Portugal and its colonies in America, Africa and Asia in
1580.

24. GOVERNMENT
- Capital city in Madrid
- Personal government. The king was
helped by:
- a professional bureaucracy
- several councils: Council of War,
Council of the Indies, Council of
State…
- Growth of political centralization: the
King didn´t call the Cortes

25. PHILIP II´S WIVES
María Manuela
Mary I Tudor, Ana of Austria,
of Portugal Elisabeth of Valois
his aunt his niece

26. PHILIP II´S MONARCHY
DEFENSE OF CATHOLICISM:
Religious intolerance caused many problems and
wars
OBJECTIVES
PRESERVATION OF THE EMPIRE
Wars against France, the Ottoman Turks and England.
These wars ruined the economy: bankruptcy.

27. DEFENSE OF CATHOLICISM
-PROHIBITION OF PROTESTANTISM IN
HIS KINGDOMS.
-REINFORCEMENT OF THE
INQUISITION
- STUDENTS COULDN´T STUDY
ABROAD
-PROHIBITION OF IMPORTING BOOKS Document of blood cleanliness,
FROM EUROPE 18th century
- “BLOOD CLEANLINESS” IN THE
ADMINISTRATION
-REPRESSION OF THE MOORISH OF
GRANADA: REVOLT OF THE
ALPUJARRAS AND EXILE OF THE
MOORISH TO OTHER PARTS OF THE
PENINSULA.
Revolt of the Alpujarras, 1567

28. REVOLT IN THE LOW COUNTRIES
The Northern Provinces of the Low Countries (Holland), revolted against taxation
demands, authoritarianism of the governors (Duke of Alba) and religious intolerance.
The revolt started in 1568 and it didn´t finish until 1648 (Independence of Holland)
Philip II gave the Low countries to his daughter Isabel Clara Eugenia, but she didn´t
have children and the Low Countries came back to the Hispanic Empire in 1621.
Flag of the revolt of
the Low Countries.
Duke of Alba William of Orange,
Leader of the revolt
Isabel Clara Eugenia and
Archduke Albert of Austria

29. WARS AGAINST FRANCE
Engraving of the Battle of Saint Quentin
The French were defeated in Saint Quentin in 1557, but Philip II continued to
intervene in France: he supported the Catholics in the religion wars in France,
between Huguenots (Calvinists) and Catholics.

30. CONFLICT WITH ENGLAND
- The English supported
the Protestants in the revolt
of the Low Countries.
- English privateers attacked
the fleets which came from the
Indies (West Indies Fleet).
-Philip II supported Mary, the
Catholic Queen of Scotland, to
the detriment of the Anglican
Elizabeth.
Philip II decided to invade
England with a big army,
called the Invincible Armada.
But the Armada sunk before
reaching the English coasts in Invincible Armada
1588

31. WARS AGAINST THE OTTOMAN TURKS
The Holy League, a Catholic coalition led by the Hispanic Monarchy,
defeated the Ottoman Turks in Lepanto (near Greece) in 1571.

32. PHILIP II´S CHILDREN
Catalina Micaela
Isabel Clara Eugenia,
Prince Carlos, son of Duchess of Luxemburg,
María Manuela of Portugal Sovereign of the Spanish
Mentally unstable and Netherlands in the Low
deformed. Confined by his Countries Philip III, heir of the
father, because he Empire
conspired with the Dutch.
He died six months later

33. ECONOMY: THE PRICE REVOLUTION
The arrival of precious metals from the Indies provoked a huge inflation. Prices increased
a lot, because there was not enough production to satisfy the demand. Many products
were imported from Europe and the wealth of the Indies wasn´t used to develop a
productive economy.
The Indies were a Castilian monopoly. The Aragonese economy couldn´t take advantage
of the Empire.

34. INBREEDING IN THE HOUSE OF HABSBURG