Carton packaging wikipedia

[ Carton Packaging
World·Classic ]
Shared by Packmage CAD Team

1 / 93 http://www.packmage.com

Outline

1.Carton Packaging Word
2.Folding carton box template structure
3.Terms
4.Mathematics in the folding carton structure design

5. Folding carton functional structure design

6. Corrugated Carton
7. Paper bag
8.Cushion packaging

9.Loading and transportation
10.Carbon footprint


1. Carton Packaging World

Many people mistaked that carton packaging is the
combination of the box template structural design and graphic
design. In fact, the carton packaging is far more than that.
In this chapter we will explain by two small examples : the
carton packaging is a macrocosm, this industry is promising if
you get involved.


Sample 1 《 Carton Packaging World
1.1 The cost difference between two minor difference box templates
with specific cardboard size

The client needs the packaging box structure
shown above, the carton box size is
80*45*100(mm) ， cardboard




Select carton box template A, draw the die line template according to the carton
box size ：


It can step and repeat 12 boxes in the standard-sized sheet(Note ： This sample
haven't take into account the loaded knife rationality factors ）



We can switch to carton box template B, its shape is exactly the same with
box template A.



save paper
more than
20%.



1.2 The carton packaging design impacts on transportation

Because of the difference of the buffer design, cardboard
material selection and structural design, the carton
packaging design will have a significant impact on
transportation.


1.2 The carton packaging design impacts on transportation

Container size ： 591cm*234cm

Carton
size ： 89 pieces
50cm*30cm

Carton
size ：
50cm*31cm 79 pieces

The area increase
2%, while cost
increase 11%

2. Folding carton structure

Folding carton

Carton box

Glued carton

Carton packaging Corrugated box

Paper bag

11

Folding carton classification

Tubes

Folding carton Trays

Tubes and Trays


Tubes 《 Folding carton structure analysis

2.1 The definition of tubes

It originally refers to the smallest box lid area amang, such as toothpaste
boxes, such as toothpaste box.

Now, it is generally defined from the molding characteristics: it refers to the
carton box that need both the lid and bottom closure panel fixed or sealed
during the molding process.



2.1.1 The structure of the tubes

1 、 2 、 3 、 4-
Panels
5-Closure panel
6-Dust flap
7-Glue flap
8-Closure panel
9-Tuck flap



2.1.2 The closure structure of Tubes

Commonly closure structures ：

1. Friction Tuck
2. Seal end
3. Locking tab
4. Push-in closure
5. Concave/Convex
6. Glued sealing
7. Snap lock bottom
8. Automatic lock bottom


Closure 《 Tubes 《 Folding carton structure analysis

2.1.2.1 Friction Tuck

The sealing structure uses the
friction between the tongue, dust
flap and the panels to achieve
and maintain sealing, the
sealing strength and reliability is
poor, suitable for small,
lightweight daily necessities and
pharmaceutical packaging.



2.1.2.4 Seal end

The locking strength and reliability of
the sealend structure is higher, but it is
less convenient.



2.1.2.6 Push-in closure

Each flap is part of the pattern, after
plug-in the flaps composite a
beautiful pattern.



2.1.2.5 Locking tab

The locking tab structure combined the
friction and lock end sealing structure.
With high sealing strengt and
reliability, it is suitable for heavier
contents.



2.1.2.7 Concave/Convex

The Concave Convex structure with the own
strength and stiffness of the cardboard,
deformation of straight or curved creasing line on
the box, depressed flaps to achieve sealing.



2.1.2.8 Glued sealing

The glued sealing structure with the
panels attached to the flap stick
together.



2.1.2.9 Snap lock bottom

Snap lock bottom
also called 1-2-3
closure, the
bottom structure
is simple,
aesthetic and
economic with
strength and
tightness, it is the
most commonly
used lock bottom
structure and
widely used in
cosmetics, alcohol
and food
packaging.



2.1.2.9 Snap lock bottom

When we drawing
the 1-2-3 bottom
structure, we usually
draw first part of the
closure, there is no
strict limit to the size
of A, generally
consistent with
proportions of the
box length. The
vertical distance of
the recessed portion
and the creasing line
of the length must
be 1/2 of the width.



2.1.2.10 Automatic lock bottom

The automatic
lock bottom refers
to the body and
the bottom of the
box can be folded
into a flat plate
shape, and the
bottom of the box
can be
automatically
restored to the
sealing status
when the box
stretched.The
structure is
complex and the
cost is higher than
other boxes.



2.1.2.10 Automatic lock bottom

From the automatic lock bottom
structure, we can see both the
flap and width angle of the box
are 45 °, it is to avoid overlapp
when folding.
Part A is the locking tab which
is located the intersection of 1/2
length and 1/2 width of the box,
it is to enhance the lock
strength.

The shade area is the glued part, it is folded on the opposite direction. The larger size the
glued part, the more firmly.
The 2 ° slash on Part B is to facilitate waste remove from the slash after carton box die-
cutting.
The 3mm width in part C is to prevent the carton rupture after multilayer paper overlapped.


2.1.3 Widely used tube folding carton box template

Widely used tube folding carton box template ：

1. Reverse tuck
2. Straigt tuck
3. Airplane style
4. French reverse tuck
5. Snap lock bottom
6. Automatic lock bottom


Widely used tube box templates 《 Tubes 《 Folding carton structure analysis

2.1.3.1 Reverse tuck

The reverse tuck also abbreviated as RTE, it is the most primitive
box template.


2.1.3.2 Straight tuck

The straight tuck also
abbreviated as STE.

Its drawback is that the
two projections, when step
and repeat it wastes paper
material, but it is suitable
used for the window style
box.



2.1.3.3 Airplane style

As the name suggested,
the airplane style box
template shape looks
likethe aircraft, its basic
function and purpose is
the same with straight
tuck.



2.1.3.4 French reverse tuck

The French reverse tuck
box template abbreviated
as FRENCH STE.

Its advantage is maintain
the integrity of the display
surface, the contents of
the design can be
extended to the lid of the
box, it has became
commonly used box
template for cosmetics
packaging.



2.1.4 10 principles of the folding carton structural design

10 principles of the folding
carton structure design


10 principles 《 Tubes 《 Folding carton structure analysis

2.1.4.1 10 principles 1-2

（ 1 ） Whether the product has individual packaging
• plain tuck flap ： Individual packaging, do not need to consider pollution,
scattered factors
• slit-lock tuck flap ： The tuck structure is more conducive to the
production and operation compare to the glued structure

（ 2 ） One time open or multiple times open during usage
• slit-lock tuck flap:It offers more secure closure design than the one time
open, mainly used on heavier content packaging.
• plain tuck flap ： It keeps the integrity of the folding carton with multiple
times open.


2.1.4.1 10 principles 3~5

（ 3 ） Heavy weight products
• tuck and tongue lock ： It provide a very secure cover design

（ 4 ） Whether consumers expect to be able to see the product before buying?
• Aperture or window ： The product can be see clearly
• Plain tuck flap ： The customer could even touch the product.

（ 5 ） Whether the products need to be leak-proof structure ？
• double-glued end seals ： The non-independent packaging product
coated with glue on two dust flaps and the back cover, which is more
effective to prevent leakage.



2.1.4.1 10 principles ~6

（ 6 ） Which process included in the carton packaging production?
• Each process in carton packaging production can be completed by
equipment or by hand, it should be equipped with a different design on
manual, semi-automatic or automatic production.


10 Principles 《 Tubes 《 Folding carton structure analysis

2.1.4.1 10 Principles 7~8

（ 7 ） Whether the carton box need to prevent unexpected opening ？
• double-glued end seals:The glued operation can prevent the folding
carton with unexpected open, such as toothpaste box.

（ 8 ） Which loading way the folding carton applied?
• Vertical loading ： Commonly loading way, it is easy for mechanized
production; such as grain and powder.
• Horizontal loading ： The basic design is the same with vertical loading,
only changes the open direction. Automation equipment is more complex.
• Top loading ： Some products require bigger diameter loading. This type
of folding carton is often designed with KDF( knocked-down-flat) or flat
sheets delivered. Dimensionally unstable products (such as clothing) tend
to use the top loading design, as well as toys.


《 Folding carton structure analysis

2.2 Trays

The definition of Trays

The tray is folded by a cardboard
with right angles or diagonally
angles. The tray folding carton is
suitable for packing shoes, hats,
clothing, food and gifts. The
commonly tray structure and the
name of each part listed in the
photo.


10 Principles 《 Tubes 《 Folding carton structure analysis

2.1.4.1 10 Principles 9~10

（ 9 ） How to use the folding carton ？
• The folding carton design need to consider how it could be storaged. On
the dresser or drawers? Medicine cabinet or refrigerator?
• Easy to open, accessible and tear lines and other auxiliary design should
considered in the carton box design.

（ 10 ） How to sale the product ？
• Excellent folding carton design is helpful for the sales display
• It need to provide a stable and attractive display way.


Trays 《 Folding carton structure analysis

2.2.1 Molding method

Each panel of the tray folding carton
need to be connected with certain
structure, the concrete molding method
include:
（ 1 ） Fold assembly
（ 2 ） Lock connection



2.2.3 Top and Base

a ） top lid b ） cap lid c)Buckle lid

The lid, body of the box are mutually independent with open structure, the inner
dimension of the lid is slightly larger than the outer size of the tray to ensure that the
lid can be smoothly cover on the body. The top and base structure used for shoes,
clothing and assembled goods.
a) Top lid ： The height of the lid equal to the height of the box so that it almost
cover up all the box body.
b) Cap lid ： The height of the lid is less than the height of the body, generally only
covering the upper opening portion of the body.
c) Buckle lid ： The body with matching edge to seam with the lid, the height of the
box equal to the height of the lid and the height of the matching edge of the box
body.


2.2.2 Lock connection type

Straight lock structure Bend lock structure

Slant lock structure



2.2.4 Typical lid structure

a ） Body b ） Lid

It also known as drawer lid. Lid is an independent piece, box body can be
drawn within the lid forward.



2.2.5 Commonly tray structure

Commonly tray structure ：

1. Double side wall
2. Foot lock
3. 4-spot glued
4. 6-spot guled


Commonly tray structure 《 Trays 《 Folding carton structure analysis

2.2.5.1 Double side wall

As the name suggested, the wall
structure of the tray has doubled, it
is easy of production, various parts
folded completely, normally can be
made of top and base box.

Since the glued part need to be
folded to form the double side wall,
its maximum value can not
exceed the depth of the box
subtracting the thickness of the
paper.



2.2.5. 2 Foot lock

The foot lock plays both
the foot and lock rule of
the box.
The size of the male lock
is smaller than the size of
the female lock in the box
lock structure, the male
lock is drawn to the inside
with 15 ° angle, and the
female lock is 15 ° angle
to the outside. The four
fixed flaps folded can not
affect the lock, it is the
relationship between C
and C-2B in the tray
structure.



2.2.5.3 Four-spot glued tray

Four-spot glued tray is one of the
most simple and valuable box
template, it also named Beers tray,
mainly for packing shirts, sweaters,
food and toys etc.

The biggest characteristics of Four-
spot glued box is the lid and the
bottom of the tray can be completely
the same size to match perfectly,
unlike other trays, the lid must be
bigger than the bottom.



2.2.5.4 Six-spot glued tray

The change and design of the six-
spot glued tray is on the basis of
four-spot glued tray.It is widely used
in frozen food, fish, seafood,
vegetables packaging fields.

The width of the lid is 2 times bigger
than the width of the bottom.


3.The characteristics of folding carton

Outline ：

1. The bearing characteristics
2. The influence of the two sides of the
paper on structure design
3. The Offset
4. The texture direction
5. The texture direction design of Tubes
6. The texture direction design of Tubes with
curved surface
7. The texture direction design of Trays
8. The texture direction design of regular
polygon trays


《 The characteristics of folding carton

3.1 The bearing characteristics

As we all know but may not pay special attention to the
phenomenon: the bearing force of flat sheet cardboard is
small, once creasing and properly folded, it could bear great
pressure.



3.2 The influence of the two sides of the paper on structure design

No matter ordinary cardboard or corrugated board has two sides, ordinary
cardboard has a surface layer and a bottom layer, corrugated cardboard
has out layer paper and inner layer paper.

It influences the molding when folding, which need to be taken into account
in the structure design.

（ a ） Inner fold 90° （ b ） Outer fold 90° （ c ） Inner fold （ d ） Outer fold
1-bottom layer 2-surface layer 3-bottom layer 4-surface layer




There is an example ：

Caliper 2mm, Length 40mm.The creasing line is on the
middle of the cardboard. Then we start to fold.



There're two concerns:
1. the length of the cardboard is 40 mm
before folding, after folding the inner size
isn't 40/2=20mm,it is 19mm because of the
caliper.

2. The first statement is not entirely
accurate,because of the two sides of the
paper, when folding on the middle, the
internal loss is different with different
specifications of the cardboards, it need to
be taken into account.



3.6 The Offset

Because of the dust
flap under the
cover, to be strictly
the panel connect
with the cover
should add a
caliper, else the
cover will be
hindered by the
dust flap when
folding.

The additional
caliper is offset.



3.7 The texture direction

During the folding carton manufacturing process, the creasing line can effectively
control the cardboard deformation, its role can not be ignored.As the fiber
orientation, so that the cardboard folding onthe creasing line, the force on the
transverse indentation line (the line parallel to the creasing line) is bigger than
the longitudinal creasing line (the line parallel to longitudinal creasing line), so
the bounce of transverse creasing line is bigger, thus increasing tension of the
cardboard surface and enhance the strength of the carton.

As the fiber alignment, and the stiffness and binding force for the same kind of
cardboard longitudinal fiber were greater than the transverse, which leads to the
longitudinal stiffness greater than the transverse board; in addition, because
most of the carton stacking flat folded for transportation and storage, so the
carton need resistance to repeated folding to avoid the creasing line crack which
might affect the appearance and strength of carton.

Thus when design the texture direction of the folding cartion, it needs to consider
the different of vertically and horizontally physical properties of the cardboard
and the creasing line position.



3.8 The texture direction design of Tubes

Generally, the longitudinal texture should
be vertical with the main creasing line
(longer creasing line).
Advantages ：
• It makes the 4 surfaces of the box body
smooth, avoid ballooning phenomenon.
• It is helpful to high speed gluer machine.
• The creasing line is not easy to burst and
break(especially on thick paper ).

When the carton size is smaller and
accuracy requirement is not too high, it
could apply mixed step and repeat ignore
the texuture direction, thereby saving cost.



3.9 The texture direction design of Tubes with curved surface

The bending resistance of the sheet transverse(parallel to the
texture direction) is smaller than longitudinal,which means the
cardboard transverse bending easier, with the curved surface, the
texture direction of the folding carton should be perpendicular to
the curved creasing line.

We can clearly the horizontal of box a is easy to bend so that the
box body is formed into a very smooth arch.While box b on the
contrary, because the creasing line design of paperboard is
unreasonable caused the box body distortion.


3.10 The texture direction design of Trays

The length direction of the tray folding carton
should be perpendicular to the longitudinal
direction of the cardboard.In this case it provides
higher stiffness in a short span, facilitates the
cartons strong and straight, and the transverse
creasing line on the length direction gives the
carton more strength.



3.11 The texture direction design of regular polygon trays

The texture direction design of the regular polygon tray, one plan is the longitudinal
cardboard parallel to one of the box bottom corner angle bisector, another is
longitudinal cardboard vertical to one of the box bottom corner angle bisector.Both
two kinds of texture design have deficiencies, both affected the carton folding.

The hexagonal box also has the problem. With the increase of the number of
polygon box bottom, gradually tend to circle,the circle has no direction, so the more
sides the polygon tray has, the smaller difference of the two kinds of plans, but the
best choice is texture direction design which the board longitudinal vertical to the
bisector lines of the bottom angle.



3.12 The texture direction design

For irregular folding cartons, the texture direction design should obey the basic
cardboard texture direction design rules, but the irregular box has uncertainty, we
suggest make samples to test first then choose which one texture direction
design is more reasonable.


4. Mathematics in the folding carton structure design

Mainly because of the mechanical and physical properties,
the folding carton structure exist many mathematical
relationships.


《 Mathematics in the folding carton structure design

4.1 How to decide the inner size of the carton box

We often see some carton For example, if the product size is 10*10*15
packaging rupture, deformation cm, caliper is 1mm, the inner size of the carton
during transportation,this kind of box should be 10.1*10.1*15.2cm.
circumstance except the paper
strength is not enough, collision,
one big issue is packaging size
relatively big than the product.

Generally, the length and width of
the inner size of the carton box
should be one caliper larger than
the product, the depth should be 2
times caliper larger than the
product.



4.2 The size relationship of the small middle reverse tuck folding carton

The glue flap size 10~16mm
　　
Width(mm) Tuck(mm)
16 ～ 20 10
20 ～ 24 13
24 ～ 38 16
38 ～ 57 20
57 ～ 108 22
　　
Length(mm) Tuck(mm)
20 ～ 30 3
30 ～ 60 5
60 ～ 120 7
The dust flap size could be bigger or smaller than
the value in the formula, but can not be more than 　　
1/2 Length, else they will be overlapped. Female lock=Male lock+2mm



4.3 Tube folding carton structure design
1. The straight line on the inserted
cover for friction locking function,
the size of the cover changed based
on the carton size, generally it is
20mm, with two R angles;
2. Glue flaps 10-16mm ；
3. Compare to outter layer the inner
layer sealing face should be smaller;
4. The angle of the dust flap should be
less or equal than 15 °;
5. The dust flap size should be smaller
than the width of the box;
6. The outter layer sealing face size
less or equal to the width of the box;
7. The right side face size is slightly
less than the width of the box
0.8mm; even for heavy cartons,
should reduce the cardboard caliper
because the glue flap and right side
face are jointed together, there will
be one more caliper on the right
side face.



4.4 Tube folding carton structure design

1. The tuck lock
0.8mm(generally 0.8mm or
cardboard caliper);
2. The tuck lock sealing
design;
3. Dust flap design ；
4. The second angle of the
dust flap is 15 °;
5. The first angle of the dust
flap is 45°;
6. The top closure panel
shoulder is 6mm ；
7. The dust flap shoulder is
6mm ；
8. The tuck lock on the small
carton box generally is
10mm.


5. Folding carton functional structure design

Outline:

1. Handle design
2. Hanging hole design
3. Window design
4. Displays design
5. Easy to open design
6. Dispenser design
7. Lining design
8. Partition wall design


《 Folding carton functional structure design

5.1 Handle

The handle structure is designed to facilitate consumers.
1 ） Requirements
• enough strength, safe and reliable;
• the box body or local strength can not be weakened;
• proper size and do not harm the hand;
• decoration
2 ） split structure and overall structure
• The split structure is the handle and box body independent of
each other
• The overall structure is the handle or handle hole designed
directly on the box body
30mm
3 ） Size
• The palm wide generally between 70-100mm, thickness
around 20-40mm.The width of the handle is generally above
20mm, heavier goods the width should take larger values to
ensure the strength. 100mm



5.2 Hanging hole

Design the hanging holes on the
carton box so that the goods can
be displayed on the shelves.

The hanging hole and the content
gravity should on the same
vertical line.Hanging hole is
mainly in the form of round,
rectangle, rounded triangle etc.



5.3 Window

Open window on the carton box, glue
transparent sheets of thin plastic or
glass paper, so that the product inside
could show in front of consumers.

There has one window, double or three
window structure, the location of
window is to fully display the inner
product. The window profile need to
enhance the decoration, such as plum,
heart shaped etc.The window position,
size and shape should coordinate with
the carton decoration patterns, text and
box liner.



5.4 Easy to open structure
①
Easy open structure is the local structure to facilitate consumer
open the carton packaging more conveniently.
a. Tear port ： Open a gap near the cover or sealing location,
tear the port when need to open the packaging.
b. Half cutting line ： Cutting line on the carton opening
position, depth is half of the cardboard caliper, when the
need to open the packaging, tear the half cutting line when
need to open the packaging.
②
c. Dentate line ： On the carton opening port, with 1.5 ×
1.5mm, 1.5 × 0.75mm, with corrugated dentate knife and
other different types of dentate knife presse the dentate line,
tear the dentate line when need to open the packaging.
d. Zipper line ： Add the cutting line on the carton opening
port like a zipper, tear it when in use.

④

③



5.5 Dispenser

The dispenser carton box can conveniently pour out the
contents, reducing it scattered, it is suitable for powder,
particle and liquid goods 。



5.6 Partition

The partition structure The Integral partition
used to protect of the structure takes
fragile commodity such advantages of the
as ceramics, glass carton body panels or
packaging to prevent flaps extended the
breakage. It can be lining design.It saves
divided into integral the process, easy for
partition structure and processing and it is
split partition structure. environment friendly.



5.6 Partition

The split partition structure is mutually
independent with the box body, it is the
accessory for the carton. It is relatively
easy.

when it inserted into the box, the
contents being partitioned and located
in the holes.



5.7 Displays

The Displays shown the goods
under certain support.The cover
of the carton can be folded to the
lower box body so that the box
body display tiltly, it is very
suitable for attracting consumers.


6. Corrugated box

The corrugated box can be divided into slot, set-up and folding carton three basic types
according to the processing methods.
a. Slot The slot box template with a cardboard through cutting, creasing and
folding, The side flap need to be stapled or glued. It can be folded into a flat
shape for storage and transportation.
b. Set up Generally composed by two parts, the box body, cover and bottom
seperated independently, when using they can be set up together.
• Folding carton The box template through processing, folding and does not require
any nails or glue.Such as 04 type box template.


《 Corrugated box

6.1 Slot

① Slot carton ， It is the most commonly
carton structure.It is mainly used for food
packaging.Based on this box template
there are many changes for special
structure protection.


《 Corrugated box

6.2 Half slot carton

② Half slot carton ， typical sample is the step up transport container and shelf
packaging for fruit, vegetables. The
structure include top and base box template and shallow box structure.


《 Corrugated box

6.4 FEFCO standard box template

The international commonly box template and code: the box template code consists of
four digits, top two on behalf of box template, last two on behalf of the different style.
It ranges from 02 to 07 totally 6 types, 09 type is the accessory.

• 02 type——Including 0201 、 0202 、 0203 、 0204 、 0205 6 styles.Each style
the top and bottom with clousure panel size.
• 03 type——Including 0310 and 0325 two styles,all are cover, bottom and open
box set up structure.
• 04 type——Only 0402 style ， processing and folding with a cardbaord without
any stamples and glue.
• 09 type——Accessories, including partition, pad etc., totally 45 types, they are
used for dividing, fixing,location and cushioning.


《 Corrugated box

6.3 Folding carton

The carton box is
compact and save the
paperboard the most.


《 Corrugated box

6.5 FEFCO box template


《 Corrugated box

6.6 FEFCO box template


《 Corrugated box

6.7 Corrugated box design

1 ） Corrugated box design should firstly consider
the relationship between the strength of the
corrugated paperboard and the contents.
The basic framework for the transport packaging ：
First class……Used for export product or expensive
product transportation packaging;
Second calss……domestic goods transport
packaging;
Third class……Cheap goods or short-distance
transport packaging.

2 ） The ergonomics principle must take into
account in the carton structure design.
The unreasonable box size design might cause
fatigue and injury.


《 Corrugated box

6.8 Various carton icons

The icons should be put in the specified location to facilitate all the work in the
whole transportation process.


7. Paper bag

The paper bag is the bag container with one end or two end sealing, generally
made by kraft paper, coated paper, aluminized paper etc.

The most common paper bag is the bag with flat bottom, it can be placed vertically
and can be folded into a flat shape. The paper bag used for scattered goods
packaging, also used for outer packaging, it has the direct effect on sales
promotion.


《 Paper bag

7.1 Paper bag structure


《 Paper bag

7.2.1 Sealing end bag

After the sealing end bag filling
with goods, the opening sealing
with adhesive or U nail.This bag
mainly used for packing granular
product.


《 Paper bag

7.2.2 Sealing valve bag

The bottom and the top of
the bag sealing, there's a
valve on the top bag
corner, it usually used for
small particles product
packaging.


《 Paper bag

7.2.3 Glued bag

The bottom of the
bag sealed by
folding and glue
method, its structure
similar to the sealing
end bag.


《 Paper bag

7.2.4 Glued valve bag

The bottom and the top
of the bag with glued
sealing, the valve used
for filling.


《 Paper bag

7.2.5 Flat bottom open bag

The the material on bottom end
glued layer by layer, after filling the
bag top sealed with glue.


《 Paper bag

7.2.6 Handle bag

The paper bag used more and more frequently in the
real life, especially the market competition is
becoming increasingly intensified, the paper bag as
advertising tool with rich and varied forms.


8. Cushioning packaging

It is estimated that billions of dollars lost on the
packaging products destructive test, not to mention the
lost because of the unreasonable cushioning
packaging. At the same time the unreasonable design
and large amount waste of resources phenomenon
widely exists.
So the cushioning packaging is a very important topic,
and at present lack of theoretical research and
professional talent.

Subsequent versions of this document will go into
the details of this chapter.


9. Loading issue

Many people may not realize transportation belongs to packaging category,
as the example of cushioning packaging we mentioned before, a little
change may bring a few percentage points even ten percent change on the
container utilization.

Subsequent versions of this document will go into the details of
this chapter.


10 Carbon footprint

Subsequent versions of this document will go into the details of
this chapter.


Information Update

We will update the file irregularly and more valuble
information will be updated in the future, please keep an
eye on our twitter.
http://www.twitter.com/packmage

Packmage CAD team


Carton packaging wikipedia

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