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HeartBeat

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Abhishek Kumar Singh
Abhishek Kumar Singh

This document provides an overview of Linux-HA (High Availability) clustering. It discusses HA principles such as redundancy and eliminating single points of failure. It describes Linux-HA capabilities and components such as the Cluster Resource Manager. It also covers configuring resources and constraints in the Cluster Information Base (CIB) XML file.

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Linux-HA Release 2 Tutorial ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Tutorial Overview ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Part I ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What Is HA Clustering? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What Can HA Clustering Do For You? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
High-Availability Workload Failover
Lies, Damn Lies, and Statistics ,[object Object]
How is this like what you know? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What is different? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Split-Brain ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Quorum ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Fencing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
How is HA Clustering Different from Disaster Recovery (“geographic clustering”)? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Single Points of Failure (SPOFs) ,[object Object],[object Object]
Non-Obvious SPOFs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The “ Three R's ” of High-Availability ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Redundant Communications ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Fencing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Data Sharing - None ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Data Sharing – Replication ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Data Sharing – ServeRAID ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Data Sharing – FiberChannel ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Data Sharing – Back-End ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Linux-HA Background ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Linux-HA Capabilities ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Some Linux-HA Terminology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Key Linux-HA Processes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Linux-HA Release 2 Architecture
Compiling and Installing Linux-HA from source via RPM or .deb ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Pre-built Packages ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
RPM Package names ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Installing RPMs ,[object Object],[object Object]
Initial configuration ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Fixing up /etc/ha.d/ha.cf ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Fixing up /etc/ha.d/authkeys ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Creating /var/lib/heartbeat/crm/cib.xml ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Part II ,[object Object],[object Object]
Resource Objects in Release 2 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
OCF Class Resource Agents ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
LSB Class Resource Agents ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
'heartbeat' (R1) Class Resource Agents ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
stonith Resource Agents ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Basic Dependencies in Release 2 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Resource Location Constraints ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Resource Clones ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Resource Groups ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Multi-State (master/slave) Resources ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Advanced Constraints ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Advanced Constraints (cont'd) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Cluster Information Base (CIB) Intro ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
About 'id's ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
About <nvpair>s ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
An Empty CIB ,[object Object]
The crm_config CIB section ,[object Object]
crm_config Global Cluster Properties ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
crm_config: transition_idle_timeout ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
crm_config: symmetric_cluster ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
crm_config: default_resource_stickiness ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
default_resource_stickiness (cont'd) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
crm_config: is_managed_default ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
crm_config: no_quorum_policy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
crm_config: stonith_enabled ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
crm_config: stonith_action ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
crm_config: startup_fencing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
crm_config: stop_orphan_resources ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
crm_config: stop_orphan_actions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
crm_config: short_resource_names ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The nodes section of the CIB ,[object Object],[object Object]
The resources section of the CIB ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Classes of Resource Agents in R2 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
An OCF primitive object ,[object Object]
A STONITH primitive object ,[object Object]
An LSB primitive object (i. e., an init script) ,[object Object]
meta_attributes of Primitives ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
attributes of Resource Actions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Setting monitor check level ,[object Object],[object Object]
Resource Groups ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
meta_attributes of Groups ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Resource “ clone ” Units ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
meta_attributes of Clones ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
STONITH “ clone ” resource(s) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Useful tools for checking your CIB ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Part III ,[object Object]
CIB constraints ,[object Object]
rsc_location information ,[object Object],[object Object]
Managing init (LSB) services ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Managing init (LSB) services – cont'd ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
LSB -> OCF conversion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
drbdlinks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
drbdlinks configuration ,[object Object]
Sample DNS Configuration ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Sample DHCP Configuration ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Sample Apache Configuration ,[object Object]
Sample Apache Configuration (continued) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Sample NFS Configuration ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Sample Samba Configuration ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Testing HA Configurations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Testing HA Configurations - 2 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Testing HA Configurations - 3 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Testing HA Configurations - 4 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The crm_resource command ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The crm_standby Command ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The cibadmin command ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Using the Heartbeat GUI (hb_gui) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Creating Detailed Ordering Constraints ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Sample Ordering Constraint Graph G_utility R_10.10.10.21 R_dhcpd R_postfix R_named
Sample Ordering Constraint XML ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Part IV ,[object Object],[object Object]
Co-location Constraints ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Sample Co-location Constraints ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Writing and testing OCF Resource Agents ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Writing and testing OCF Resource Agents - Methodology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
OCF Resource Agents – Parameters ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
OCF Resource Agents – Parameters ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
OCF RAs – Return Codes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
OCF meta-data and validate-all ,[object Object],[object Object]
OCF stop, start, monitor actions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
OCF Meta-data example ,[object Object],[object Object]
OCF Meta-data example ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
OCF Meta-data example ,[object Object],[object Object]
OCF RAs – Manual Testing - 1 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
OCF RAs – Manual Testing - 2 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
OCF RA testing with ocf-tester ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Introducing node attributes ,[object Object],[object Object]
Using pingd to fail over on loss of network connectivity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Starting pingd as an OCF clone resource (1/2) ,[object Object]
Starting pingd as an OCF clone resource (2/2) ,[object Object]
Starting pingd from ha.cf ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Using pingd attributes in rules ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Failing over on arbitrary conditions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Using attrd_updater ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Master/Slave Resources
Split-site (“stretch”) clusters ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Quorum Server basics
Quorum Server: Single Site failure ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Quorum Server prevents Split-Brain ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Quorum Server Not a SPOF ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Multiple Failures Can Lead To No Service ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Time Based Configuration Rules ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Allowing fail-back of an IP address only on weekends ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Setting default_resource_stickiness to default to fail back on weekends ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
More about Time-Based rules ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
References ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Legal Statements ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Backup Slides
IPaddr resource Agent ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Filesystem resource Agent ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ClusterMon resource Agent ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Apache resource Agent ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
smb and nmb resources ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
nfslock and nfsserver Resources ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ibmhmc STONITH Resource ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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