Slideshow is from the University of Michigan Medical School's M1 CNS sequence View additional course materials on Open.Michigan: openmi.ch/med-M1CNS

1. Author(s): Peter Hitchcock, PH.D., 2009
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3. Cerebellum
M1 – CNS Sequence
Peter Hitchcock, Ph.D.
Winter, 2009

4. The topic of today s lecture is the cerebellum. The principal
function of the cerebellum is to coordinate goal-directed and
spontaneous movements, including eye movements, and regulate
posture.
I. Gross anatomy of the cerebellum
II. Internal cellular anatomy and synaptic connections (circuitry)
III. Functional organization (3 functional domains)
a. vestibulocerebellum
b. spinocerebellum (2 subdivisions)
c. cerebrocerebellum
IV. Motor learning and plasticity
V. Clinical aspects of the cerebellum
VI. The cerebellum and cognition
VII. Blood supply to the cerebellum

5. A schematic model of the motor system. The cerebellum influences
movements via connections to both the brainstem and cerebral cortex
Source Undetermined

6. GENERAL FEATURES:
The cerebellum regulates the following 5 functions:
1) muscle tone
2) coordination of goal directed and spontaneous movements
3) posture and balance
3) eye movements
4) motor learning
5) some cognitive functions (e.g., language acquisition)
• Each hemisphere of the cerebellum influences motor activity on the
ipsilateral half of the body
• The cerebellum compares the motor plan (intent) created in the cortex
with motor performance (reported from the periphery) and functions to
smoothen and coordinate the movements. This is accomplished by making
synaptic contacts with the brainstem motor centers and the cerebral
hemispheres.

7. corpus callosum
transverse cerebral fissure
fourth ventricle
Source Undetermined

8. dorsal view
vermis
anterior lobe
crerebellar hemisphere
primary
fissure
posterior lobe
Source Undetermined

9. cerebellar white matter
lobules and
folia
cerebellar cortex
Source Undetermined

10. vermis
hemisphere
floculo-nodular lobe
floculo-nodular lobe
basal pons
medulla
Source Undetermined

11. there are three pairs of
nuclei that lie within the
cerebellar white matter,
known as the deep
cerebellar nuclei :
(from lateral to medial)
• dentate
• emboliform
• globose
• fastigial
interposed nucleus
(Emboliform, globose, fastigial nuclei visible but not labeled)
Gray s Anatomy

12. Source Undetermined

13. cross section through a portion of a single folium
• the cerebellum has three cellular layers (plus underlying white matter)
• there are three kinds of neurons in the cortex, Purkinje cell, granule cell,
and interneurons (3 types)
• climbing fibers originate from the contralateral inferior olive
• mossy fibers originate from all other afferents that enter the cerebellum
Source Undetermined

14. superior - mostly efferent
middle - afferent
inferior - mostly afferent
inferior olive
Source Undetermined

15. Source Undetermined

16. The cerebellum is supplied by vessels
that branch from the basilar artery -
• superior cerebellar arteries
• anterior inferior cerebellar arteries
• posterior inferior cerebellar arteries
Hanes. Fundamental Neuroscience. Churchill Livingstone, 2002. 2nd ed.

17. blood supply
longitudinal, functional domains
Source Undetermined

18. Summary diagram of the inputs and outputs of the cerebellum
INPUTS
motor cortex
spinal cord
spinal cord
inner ear
The cerebellum is believed to be the neural substrate critical
to learning complex motor skills, e.g., riding a bike;
professional musicians
Source Undetermined

19. Loss of cerebellar function
does not produce paralysis
or the inability to initiate a
movement. Rather,
cerebellar disease
produces disturbances in
the coordination and fine Image
control of movements and demonstrating
posture.
loss of
cerebellar
function
removed

20. Basal ganglia
Cerebellum
Source Undetermined

21. Additional Source Information
for more information see: http://open.umich.edu/wiki/CitationPolicy
Slide 5: Source Undetermined
Slide 7: Source Undetermined
Slide 8: Source Undetermined
Slide 9: Source Undetermined
Slide 10: Source Undetermined
Slide 11: Gray s Anatomy
Slide 12: Source Undetermined
Slide 13: Source Undetermined
Slide 14: Source Undetermined
Slide 15: Source Undetermined
Slide 16: Hanes. Fundamental Neuroscience. Churchill Livingstone, 2002. 2nd ed.
Slide 17: Source Undetermined
Slide 18: Source Undetermined
Slide 20: Source Undetermined