Development of Twitter Application #4 - Timeline and Tweet

Linked Data &
Semantic Web
Technology
Development of
Twitter Applications
Part 4. Timeline and Tweet
Dr. Myungjin Lee

Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
Timeline
• Home Timeline
– a long stream showing all Tweets from those you have
chosen to follow on Twitter
home timeline
2

Timeline
user timeline
mentions timeline
retweets of me
3

REST API related to Timeline
• Timelines
– Timelines are collections of Tweets, ordered with the
most recent first.
Resource Description
GET
statuses/mentions_timeline
Returns the 20 most recent mentions (tweets
containing a users's @screen_name) for the
authenticating user
GET
statuses/user_timeline
Returns a collection of the most recent Tweets
posted by the user indicated by the screen_name or
user_id parameters
GET
statuses/home_timeline
Returns a collection of the most recent Tweets and
retweets posted by the authenticating user and the
users they follow
GET
statuses/retweets_of_me
Returns the most recent tweets authored by the
authenticating user that have been retweeted by
others
4

Responses of Timeline REST API
1. [
2. {
3. "created_at": "Mon Mar 25 08:47:46 +0000 2013",
4. "id": 316109141032714240,
5. "id_str": "316109141032714240",
6. "text": "RT @wonsoonpark: 이 협동조합국제회의에는 ...",
7. "source": "web",
8. "truncated": false,
9. "in_reply_to_status_id": null,
10. "in_reply_to_status_id_str": null,
11. "in_reply_to_user_id": null,
12. "in_reply_to_user_id_str": null,
13. "in_reply_to_screen_name": null,
14. "user": {
15. "id": 92297124,
16. "id_str": "92297124"
17. },
18. "geo": null,
19. "coordinates": null,
20. "place": null,
21. "contributors": null,
22. "retweeted_status": {
23. ... skip ...
24. },
25. "retweet_count": 27,
26. "favorite_count": 0,
27. "entities": {
28. "hashtags": [],
29. "urls": [],
30. "user_mentions": [
31. {
32. "screen_name": "wonsoonpark",
33. "name": "박원순",
34. "id": 76295962,
35. "id_str": "76295962",
36. "indices": [
37. 3,
38. 15
39. ]
40. }
41. ]
42. },
43. "favorited": false,
44. "retweeted": false,
45. "lang": "ko"
46. }
47. ]
5

Tweets Primary Field Guide
6
Field Type Description
coordinates Coordinates
Nullable. Represents the geographic location of this
Tweet as reported by the user or client application.
created_at String UTC time when this Tweet was created.
entities Entities
Entities which have been parsed out of the text of the
Tweet.
favorite_count Integer
Nullable. Indicates approximately how many times this
Tweet has been "favorited" by Twitter users.
id Int64
The integer representation of the unique identifier for this
Tweet.
id_str String
The string representation of the unique identifier for this
Tweet.
in_reply_to_screen_name String
Nullable. If the represented Tweet is a reply, this field will
contain the screen name of the original Tweet's author.
in_reply_to_status_id_str String
contain the string representation of the original Tweet's
ID.
in_reply_to_user_id_str String
contain the string representation of the original Tweet's
author ID.
place Places
Nullable. When present, indicates that the tweet is
associated a Place.
retweet_count Int Number of times this Tweet has been retweeted.
text String The actual UTF-8 text of the status update.
user Users The user who posted this Tweet.

Twitter4J Classes for Timeline API
• TimelinesResources Interface
– interface to support REST API related to timeline
– Methods
• ResponseList<Status> getHomeTimeline()
• ResponseList<Status> getHomeTimeline(Paging paging)
• ResponseList<Status> getMentionsTimeline()
• ResponseList<Status> getMentionsTimeline(Paging paging)
• ResponseList<Status> getRetweetsOfMe()
• ResponseList<Status> getRetweetsOfMe(Paging paging)
• ResponseList<Status> getUserTimeline()
• ResponseList<Status> getUserTimeline(Paging paging)
• ResponseList<Status> getUserTimeline(long userId)
• ResponseList<Status> getUserTimeline(java.lang.String screenName)
• Paging Class
– controls pagination
– Constructors
• Paging(int page, int count, long sinceId, long maxId)
• ResponseList<T> Interface
– list of Twitter Response
• Status Interface
– a data interface representing one single status of a user
– Methods
• java.util.Date getCreatedAt()
• long getId()
• Status getRetweetedStatus()
• java.lang.String getText()
• User getUser()
7

GET statuses/home_timeline
• Resource URL
– https://api.twitter.com/1.1/statuses/home_timeline.json
• Parameters
• Other Information
– Requests per rate limit window: 15/user
– Authentication: Requires user context
– Response Object: Tweets
– API Version: v1.1
count
optional
Specifies the number of records to retrieve. Must be less than or equal
to 200. Defaults to 20.
since_id
optional
Returns results with an ID greater than (that is, more recent than) the
specified ID. There are limits to the number of Tweets which can be
accessed through the API. If the limit of Tweets has occured since the
since_id, the since_id will be forced to the oldest ID available.
max_id
optional
Returns results with an ID less than (that is, older than) or equal to the
specified ID.
trim_user
optional
When set to either true, t or 1, each tweet returned in a timeline will
include a user object including only the status authors numerical ID.
Omit this parameter to receive the complete user object.
exclude_replies
optional
This parameter will prevent replies from appearing in the returned
timeline. Using exclude_replies with the count parameter will mean
you will receive up-to count tweets — this is because the count
parameter retrieves that many tweets before filtering out retweets and
replies.
contributor_details
optional
This parameter enhances the contributors element of the status
response to include the screen_name of the contributor. By default
only the user_id of the contributor is included.
include_entities
optional
The entities node will be disincluded when set to false.
8

Getting Home Timeline
1. import java.util.List;
2. import twitter4j.Twitter;
3. import twitter4j.TwitterException;
4. import twitter4j.TwitterFactory;
5. import twitter4j.Status;
6. public class TwitterTimeline {
7. Twitter twitter = null;
8. public TwitterTimeline() {
9. this.twitter = TwitterFactory.getSingleton();
10. this.twitter.setOAuthConsumer(TwitterAccessToken.consumerKey,
11. TwitterAccessToken.consumerSecret);
12. this.twitter.setOAuthAccessToken(TwitterAccessToken.loadAccessToken());
13. }
14. public static void main(String args[]) throws TwitterException {
15. TwitterTimeline tt = new TwitterTimeline();
16. List<Status> tweets = tt.twitter.getHomeTimeline();
17. for (int i = 0; i < tweets.size(); i++) {
18. Status tweet = tweets.get(i);
19. System.out.println("tweet: " + tweet.getText());
20. }
21. }
22. }
9

Setting Pagination
• Constructors of Paging Class
– Paging()
– Paging(int page)
– Paging(int page, int count)
– Paging(int page, int count, long sinceId)
– Paging(int page, int count, long sinceId, long maxId)
– Paging(int page, long sinceId)
– Paging(long sinceId)
3. List<Status> tweets = tt.twitter.getHomeTimeline(new Paging(1, 5));
6. System.out.println("tweet: " + tweet.getText());
7. }
8. }
9. private List<Status> getHomeTimeline() throws TwitterException {
10. return this.twitter.getHomeTimeline();
11. }
10

Getting Status of Tweets
6. System.out.println(i + " tweet:");
7. System.out.println("tcreated at: " + tweet.getCreatedAt());
8. System.out.println("tid: " + tweet.getId());
9. System.out.println("tretweet count: " + tweet.getRetweetCount());
10. System.out.println("ttext: " + tweet.getText());
11. System.out.println("tuser: " + tweet.getUser());
12. }
13. }
11

GET statuses/user_timeline
• Resource URL
– https://api.twitter.com/1.1/statuses/user_timeline.json
• Parameters
– Requests per rate limit window: 180/user, 300/app
– Authentication: Required
user_id
optional
The ID of the user for whom to return results for.
screen_name
optional
The screen name of the user for whom to return results for.
count
optional
Specifies the number of records to retrieve. Must be less than or equal to 200. Defaults to
20.
since_id
optional
Returns results with an ID greater than (that is, more recent than) the specified ID. There
are limits to the number of Tweets which can be accessed through the API. If the limit of
Tweets has occured since the since_id, the since_id will be forced to the oldest ID
available.
max_id
optional
Returns results with an ID less than (that is, older than) or equal to the specified ID.
trim_user
optional
When set to either true, t or 1, each tweet returned in a timeline will include a user object
including only the status authors numerical ID. Omit this parameter to receive the
complete user object.
exclude_replies
optional
This parameter will prevent replies from appearing in the returned timeline. Using
exclude_replies with the count parameter will mean you will receive up-to count tweets —
this is because the count parameter retrieves that many tweets before filtering out retweets
and replies.
contributor_details
optional
This parameter enhances the contributors element of the status response to include the
screen_name of the contributor. By default only the user_id of the contributor is included.
include_rts
optional
When set to false, the timeline will strip any native retweets (though they will still count
toward both the maximal length of the timeline and the slice selected by the count
parameter). Note: If you're using the trim_user parameter in conjunction with include_rts,
the retweets will still contain a full user object.
12

Getting User Timeline
3. List<Status> tweets = tt.twitter.getUserTimeline(92297124);
4. // List<Status> tweets = tt.twitter.getUserTimeline("linked_data");
7. System.out.println("text: " + tweet.getText());
8. }
9. }
13

GET statuses/mentions_timeline
• Resource URL
– https://api.twitter.com/1.1/statuses/mentions_timeline.json
• Parameters
count
optional
since_id
optional
max_id
optional
specified ID.
trim_user
optional
contributor_details
optional
This parameter enhances the contributors element of the status
response to include the screen_name of the contributor. By default
only the user_id of the contributor is included.
include_entities
optional
14

GET statuses/retweet_of_me
• Resource URL
– https://api.twitter.com/1.1/statuses/retweets_of_me.json
• Parameters
count
optional
since_id
optional
max_id
optional
specified ID.
trim_user
optional
include_entities
optional
include_user_entities
optional
The user entities node will be disincluded when set to false
15

Mentions Timeline and Retweets
3. // List<Status> tweets = tt.twitter.getMentionsTimeline();
4. List<Status> tweets = tt.twitter.getRetweetsOfMe();
7. System.out.println("text: " + tweet.getText());
8. }
9. }
16

Tweets
• What is tweets?
– the atomic building blocks of Twitter
– 140-character status updates with additional
associated metadata
– for a variety of reasons about a multitude of topics
tweet
retweets count
retweet
17

REST API related to Tweets
18
Resource Description
GET
statuses/retweets/:id
Returns up to 100 of the first retweets of a given tweet.
GET
statuses/show/:id
Returns a single Tweet, specified by the id parameter. The
Tweet's author will also be embedded within the tweet. See
Embeddable Timelines, Embeddable Tweets, and GET
statuses/oembed for tools to render Tweets according to
Display Requirements.

Twitter4J Classes for Tweet
• TweetsResources Interface
– Methods
• ResponseList<Status> getRetweets(long statusId)
• Status retweetStatus(long statusId)
• Status showStatus(long id)
19

GET statuses/show/:id
• Resource URL
– https://api.twitter.com/1.1/statuses/show.json
• Parameters
id
required
The numerical ID of the desired Tweet.
trim_user
optional
include_my_retweet
optional
When set to either true, t or 1, any Tweets returned that have been
retweeted by the authenticating user will include an additional
current_user_retweet node, containing the ID of the source status for
the retweet.
include_entities
optional
20

Getting the Tweet
6. public class TwitterTweet {
8. public TwitterTweet() {
13. }
15. TwitterTweet tt = new TwitterTweet();
16. Status status = tt.twitter.showStatus(Long.parseLong("319908547800481792"));
17. System.out.println("text: " + status.getText());
18. }
19. }
21

GET statuses/retweets/:id
• Resource URL
– https://api.twitter.com/1.1/statuses/retweets/:id.json
• Parameters
id
required
The numerical ID of the desired status.
count
optional
Specifies the number of records to retrieve. Must be less than or equal to
100.
trim_user
optional
When set to either true, t or 1, each tweet returned in a timeline will include
a user object including only the status authors numerical ID. Omit this
parameter to receive the complete user object.
22

Getting Retweets
6. public class TwitterTweet {
8. public TwitterTweet() {
13. }
16. List<Status> list = tt.twitter.getRetweets(Long
17. .parseLong("319908547800481792"));
18. for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
19. Status status = list.get(i);
20. System.out.println("retweet user: " + status.getUser().getName());
21. }
22. }
23. }
23

Tweet’s Entities
• Entities
– to provide metadata and additional contextual
information about content posted on Twitter
• Types of Entity
– hashtags
• Represents hashtags which have been parsed out of the
Tweet text
– media
• Represents media elements uploaded with the Tweet
– urls
• Represents URLs included in the text of a Tweet or
within textual fields of a user object
– user mentions
• Represents other Twitter users mentioned in the text of
the Tweet
24

Entities’ Field Guide
• Hashtag
• Media
25
indices Array of Int
An array of integers indicating the offsets within the Tweet text where
the hashtag begins and ends.
text String Name of the hashtag, minus the leading '#' character.
display_url String URL of the media to display to clients.
expanded_url String
An expanded version of display_url. Links to the media display
page.
id Int64 ID of the media expressed as a 64-bit integer.
id_str String ID of the media expressed as a string.
indices
Array of
Int
An array of integers indicating the offsets within the Tweet text
where the URL begins and ends.
media_url String An http:// URL pointing directly to the uploaded media file.
media_url_https String
An https:// URL pointing directly to the uploaded media file, for
embedding on https pages.
sizes Object An object showing available sizes for the media file.
source_status_id Int64
For Tweets containing media that was originally associated with a
different tweet, this ID points to the original Tweet.
source_status_id_str Int64
For Tweets containing media that was originally associated with a
different tweet, this string-based ID points to the original Tweet.
type String Type of uploaded media.
url String Wrapped URL for the media link.

Entities’ Field Guide
• URL
• User Mention
26
display_url String Version of the URL to display to clients.
expanded_url String Expanded version of display_url.
indices Array of Int
An array of integers representing offsets within the Tweet text where t
he URL begins and ends.
url String
Wrapped URL, corresponding to the value embedded directly into the
raw Tweet text, and the values for the indices parameter.
id Int64 ID of the mentioned user, as an integer.
id_str String If of the mentioned user, as a string.
indices
Array of
Int
An array of integers representing the offsets within the Tweet text w
here the user reference begins and ends.
name String Display name of the referenced user.
screen_name String Screen name of the referenced user.

Twitter4J Classes for Entities
• Status Interface
– Methods
• HashtagEntity[] getHashtagEntities()
• MediaEntity[] getMediaEntities()
• URLEntity[] getURLEntities()
• UserMentionEntity[] getUserMentionEntities()
• HashtagEntity Interface
– A data interface representing one single Hashtag entity
– Methods
• String getText()
• MediaEntity Interface
– Methods
• long getId()
• String getMediaURL()
• String getType()
• URLEntity Interface
– A data interface representing one single URL entity.
– Methods
• String getDisplayURL()
• String getExpandedURL()
• String getURL()
• UserMentionEntity Interface
– A data interface representing one single user mention entity.
– Methods
• long getId()
• String getScreenName()
27

Getting Entities
6. System.out.println("tweet id: " + tweet.getId());
7. if(tweet.getHashtagEntities().length != 0) {
8. System.out.println("thastags:");
9. HashtagEntity[] hes = tweet.getHashtagEntities();
10. for(int j = 0; j < hes.length; j++) {
11. System.out.println("tt" + hes[j].getText());
12. }
13. }
14. if(tweet.getMediaEntities().length != 0) {
15. System.out.println("tmedia:");
16. MediaEntity[] mes = tweet.getMediaEntities();
17. for(int j = 0; j < mes.length; j++) {
18. System.out.println("tt" + mes[j].getType() + ", " + mes[j].getMediaURL());
19. }
20. }
21. if(tweet.getURLEntities().length != 0) {
22. System.out.println("tURLs:");
23. URLEntity[] urls = tweet.getURLEntities();
24. for(int j = 0; j < urls.length; j++) {
25. System.out.println("tt" + urls[j].getExpandedURL());
26. }
27. }
28. if(tweet.getUserMentionEntities().length != 0) {
29. System.out.println("tmentions:");
30. UserMentionEntity[] umes = tweet.getUserMentionEntities();
31. for(int j = 0; j < umes.length; j++) {
32. System.out.println("tt" + umes[j].getScreenName());
33. }
34. }
35. }
36. }
28

Development of Twitter Application #4 - Timeline and Tweet

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