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Creating sustainable behaviour 19 th  February 2010 Oliver Payne, Founder, CEO, The Hunting Dynasty ,  (Undisclosed recipient)
 
Creative Director - Global, Regional - London - Awarded, Judge Planning Director - Global, Regional - London, Hong Kong, Amsterdam - Awarded
“ …  very impressive work. ”  Justin Hall, Discovery Channel Environmental Explorer Founder, CEO Partner, Planning Director
12. Irrational escalation:  the tendency to make irrational decisions based upon rational decisions in the past, or to justify actions already taken. The dollar auction is a thought exercise demonstrating the concept. 13. Loss aversion:  the tendency to fear losses more than to value gains of equal size.  14. Endowment effect:  the tendency to demand much more to give up an object than you would be willing to pay to acquire it. The Duke University basketball ticket experiment (a combination of loss aversion and the endowment effect =  Status quo bias ) 15. Neglect of probability:  the tendency to disregard probabilities for absolutes when making a decision under uncertainty. 16. ‘Not Invented Here’:  the tendency to ignore an idea or solution because its source is seen as unfamiliar. 17. Planning fallacy:  the tendency to underestimate the time it takes to complete tasks. 18. Post-purchase rationalisation:  the tendency to rationalise your purchases as ‘good buys’ merely based on the fact that you purchased them – and the reason why a 110% money back guarantee works. 19. Pseudo-certainty effect/Gambler’s fallacy:  the tendency, when seeking positive outcomes, to make only risk-averse choices; but to make risk-seeking choices to avoid negative outcomes. 20. Selective perception:  the tendency for expectations to shape perceptions. 21. Wishful thinking:  the formation of beliefs according to what is  pleasant to imagine rather than based on evidence or rationality. 22. Zero-risk bias:  the preference for reducing a small risk to zero over a greater reduction in a larger risk.  23. Self-serving bias  ( Illusory superiority/better-than-average effect ) occurs when people attribute their successes to internal or personal factors but attribute their failures to situational factors beyond their control. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
12. Irrational escalation:  the tendency to make irrational decisions based upon rational decisions in the past, or to justify actions already taken. The dollar auction is a thought exercise demonstrating the concept. 13. Loss aversion:  the tendency to fear losses more than to value gains of equal size.  14. Endowment effect:  the tendency to demand much more to give up an object than you would be willing to pay to acquire it. The Duke University basketball ticket experiment (a combination of loss aversion and the endowment effect =  Status quo bias ) 15. Neglect of probability:  the tendency to disregard probabilities for absolutes when making a decision under uncertainty. 16. ‘Not Invented Here’:  the tendency to ignore an idea or solution because its source is seen as unfamiliar. 17. Planning fallacy:  the tendency to underestimate the time it takes to complete tasks. 18. Post-purchase rationalisation:  the tendency to rationalise your purchases as ‘good buys’ merely based on the fact that you purchased them – and the reason why a 110% money back guarantee works. 19. Pseudo-certainty effect/Gambler’s fallacy:  the tendency, when seeking positive outcomes, to make only risk-averse choices; but to make risk-seeking choices to avoid negative outcomes. 20. Selective perception:  the tendency for expectations to shape perceptions. 21. Wishful thinking:  the formation of beliefs according to what is  pleasant to imagine rather than based on evidence or rationality. 22. Zero-risk bias:  the preference for reducing a small risk to zero over a greater reduction in a larger risk.  23. Self-serving bias  ( Illusory superiority/better-than-average effect ) occurs when people attribute their successes to internal or personal factors but attribute their failures to situational factors beyond their control. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],How do you use these quirks to create sustainable behaviour?
1. Simply ask
 
 
1. Simply ask
1. Simply ask  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Yale University researcher Marlene Schwartz in a 2007 study
1. Simply ask  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Yale University researcher Marlene Schwartz in a 2007 study
1. Simply ask  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Yale University researcher Marlene Schwartz in a 2007 study Exposure effect
 
2.  Ask using the right words
2.  Ask using the right words ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Many past  visitors  have removed  petrified wood from the Park,  changing  the natural state  of the Petrified Forest Please don’t remove  the  petrified wood from the Park ,  in order to preserve  the natural state   of the Petrified Forest  [nothing] The signs above were tested to stop the theft:  Some were more successful than others… Yes! 50 secrets from the science of persuasion | Goldstein, Martin, Cialdini | 2007 | pp20
2.  Ask using the right words ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Many past  visitors  have removed  petrified wood from the Park,  changing  the natural state  of the Petrified Forest Please don’t remove  the  petrified wood from the Park ,  in order to preserve  the natural state   of the Petrified Forest  8%  theft [nothing] Yes! 50 secrets from the science of persuasion | Goldstein, Martin, Cialdini | 2007 | pp20
2.  Ask using the right words ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Many past  visitors  have removed  petrified wood from the Park,  changing  the natural state  of the Petrified Forest Please don’t remove  the  petrified wood from the Park ,  in order to preserve  the natural state   of the Petrified Forest  8%  theft [nothing] 3%  theft Yes! 50 secrets from the science of persuasion | Goldstein, Martin, Cialdini | 2007 | pp20
2.  Ask using the right words ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Many past  visitors  have removed  petrified wood from the Park,  changing  the natural state  of the Petrified Forest Please don’t remove  the  petrified wood from the Park ,  in order to preserve  the natural state   of the Petrified Forest  8%  theft 1.7%  theft [nothing] 3%  theft Yes! 50 secrets from the science of persuasion | Goldstein, Martin, Cialdini | 2007 | pp20
2.  Ask using the right words ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Many past  visitors  have removed  petrified wood from the Park,  changing  the natural state  of the Petrified Forest Please don’t remove  the  petrified wood from the Park ,  in order to preserve  the natural state   of the Petrified Forest  8%  theft 1.7%  theft [nothing] 3%  theft “… a message that focuses recipients on the  injunctive norm  will be superior to messages that focus recipients on the  descriptive norm .”  (Cialdini et al., 2003) Yes! 50 secrets from the science of persuasion | Goldstein, Martin, Cialdini | 2007 | pp20
2.  Ask using the right words ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Many past  visitors  have removed  petrified wood from the Park,  changing  the natural state  of the Petrified Forest Please don’t remove  the  petrified wood from the Park ,  in order to preserve  the natural state   of the Petrified Forest  8%  theft 1.7%  theft [nothing] 3%  theft “… a message that focuses recipients on the  injunctive norm  will be superior to messages that focus recipients on the  descriptive norm .”  (Cialdini et al., 2003) Yes! 50 secrets from the science of persuasion | Goldstein, Martin, Cialdini | 2007 | pp20 Social norms
 
5. Ask using the right  fake   authority
5. Ask using the right  fake  authority  ,[object Object],[object Object]
5. Ask using the right  fake  authority  ,[object Object],[object Object],Speeding fallen by  53%
5. Ask using the right  fake  authority  ,[object Object],[object Object],"The feedback… has been extremely positive… children are desperate to see the smiley face and this encourages whoever is driving the car to slow down.” Councillor Michael McCann, the depute leader of South Lanarkshire Council (UK) Social norms (approval)
5. Ask using the right  fake  authority  ,[object Object],[object Object],Making buildings more efficient: It helps to understand human behavior | Grist.org Group A 10 mpg Group B 25 mpg Straight info about energy use   Straight info and  smiley/sad face
5. Ask using the right  fake  authority  ,[object Object],[object Object],Making buildings more efficient: It helps to understand human behavior | Grist.org Group A 10 mpg Group B 25 mpg High users  reduced  consumption Low users  increased  consumption High users  reduced  consumption Low users  consistent  consumption David Cameron’s 30 second description | TED 2010
5. Ask using the right  fake  authority  ,[object Object],[object Object],Making buildings more efficient: It helps to understand human behavior | Grist.org Group A 10 mpg Group B 25 mpg 40% more energy saved   High users  reduced  consumption Low users  increased  consumption High users  reduced  consumption Low users  consistent  consumption
5. Ask using the right  fake  authority  ,[object Object],[object Object],Making buildings more efficient: It helps to understand human behavior | Grist.org Group A 10 mpg Group B 25 mpg 40% more energy saved   High users  reduced  consumption Low users  increased  consumption High users  reduced  consumption Low users  consistent  consumption Social norms (approval)
 
9. Add options
9. Add options  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],* Sample of 80 Singapore Straits Times, on June 15,  “What rubbish,”
9. Add options  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Singapore Straits Times, on June 15,  “What rubbish,”
9. Add options  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Singapore Straits Times, on June 15,  “What rubbish,”   Framing effect
 
12. Ask a completely different question
12. Ask a completely different question ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Funtheory.com |  Piano Staircase
12. Ask a completely different question ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Funtheory.com |  Piano Staircase
12. Ask a completely different question ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Funtheory.com |  Piano Staircase Temporal  discounting Framing effect
 
13. Let the feedback ask the question
13. Let the feedback ask the question ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chicago Tribune |  A gentle prod to go green
13. Let the feedback ask the question ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chicago Tribune |  A gentle prod to go green
13. Let the feedback ask the question ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chicago Tribune |  A gentle prod to go green
13. Let the feedback ask the question ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chicago Tribune |  A gentle prod to go green Loss  aversion Social norms
 
14. Don’t ask. ( Tell .)
14. Don’t ask. ( Tell .) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],US Government Subcommittee on Research & Science Education  ::  September 25, 2007 The Contribution of the Social Sciences to the Energy Challenge
14. Don’t ask. ( Tell .) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],US Government Subcommittee on Research & Science Education  ::  September 25, 2007 The Contribution of the Social Sciences to the Energy Challenge Only this message reinforces a social norm
14. Don’t ask. ( Tell .) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],US Government Subcommittee on Research & Science Education  ::  September 25, 2007 The Contribution of the Social Sciences to the Energy Challenge Guests exposed to this message were 34% more likely to recycle their towels
14. Don’t ask. ( Tell .) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],US Government Subcommittee on Research & Science Education  ::  September 25, 2007 The Contribution of the Social Sciences to the Energy Challenge Guests exposed to this message were 34% more likely to recycle their towels Social norms
 
Who’s doing it?
“ One remarkable note about both the hotel towel messages and the utility smiley faces: neither approach had ever been tried by the industries.  It was not a process of trial and error.  The techniques that radically boosted efficacy were a direct result of social psychological theory.” Making buildings more efficient: It helps to understand human behavior  | Grist.org
Until now…
Smart measuring technology Take a fee for collating and presenting supply data to existing utility companies’ customers
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Are the results any good?
Real results where OPOWER Home Energy Reporting system has been implemented, it has consistently and predictably delivered between 1.5% and 3.5% in average energy savings across the entire targeted population
Real interest Finalist for Discovery Channel's 2010 Edison Awards CEO's live interview on Fox Business Featured in USA Today In Washington Post as "best example of climate psychology in action" David Cameron, highlights OPOWER at TED2010 “ The next age of government”
Are behavioural communications expensive to implement?
[object Object],Never mind what people believe—how can we change what they do?  A chat with Robert Cialdini  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],Never mind what people believe—how can we change what they do?  A chat with Robert Cialdini  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],“ What you have (with social psychology) is a set of procedures that are essentially costless to enact but produce levels of change that are comparable to those other mechanisms.” Dr. Robert Cialdini, ex-Regents' Professor of Psychology and Marketing Arizona State University
Is there a market for it?
Making buildings more efficient: It helps to understand human behavior  | Grist.org “ Tim Stout, vice-president of energy efficiency at [Massachusetts utility] National Grid, admits that  most of the company’s efforts toward conservation have been tied to infrastructure and hardware…  ‘When we look at the remaining potential for efficiency,’  Stout says,  ‘changing consumer behavior is the next wave of savings that needs to be tapped.’”
How to do it – in 5 points
How to do it – in 5 points 1.  Ask people to indicate the extent to which they think energy efficiency is a good thing  (engage cool, calm, rational brain) 2. Make it a public  (likely to be consistent with it) 3. Focus on what stands to be lost instead of what stands to be gained  (loss aversion is strong)  4. Tell them what their neighbors are doing  (social norms)  5. Tell them what experts are saying  (Authority effect means people likely to obey and believe experts)  Never mind what people believe—how can we change what they do?  A chat with Robert Cialdini
How to do it – in 1 sentence
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Never mind what people believe—how can we change what they do?  A chat with Robert Cialdini
Creating sustainable behaviour Thank you [Soon to be released - The 19 Ways To Create Sustainable Behaviour – click for more]

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Creating Sustainable Behaviour

  • 1. Creating sustainable behaviour 19 th February 2010 Oliver Payne, Founder, CEO, The Hunting Dynasty , (Undisclosed recipient)
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  • 3. Creative Director - Global, Regional - London - Awarded, Judge Planning Director - Global, Regional - London, Hong Kong, Amsterdam - Awarded
  • 4. “ … very impressive work. ” Justin Hall, Discovery Channel Environmental Explorer Founder, CEO Partner, Planning Director
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  • 15. 2. Ask using the right words
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  • 23. 5. Ask using the right fake authority
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  • 37. 12. Ask a completely different question
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  • 42. 13. Let the feedback ask the question
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  • 48. 14. Don’t ask. ( Tell .)
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  • 55. “ One remarkable note about both the hotel towel messages and the utility smiley faces: neither approach had ever been tried by the industries. It was not a process of trial and error. The techniques that radically boosted efficacy were a direct result of social psychological theory.” Making buildings more efficient: It helps to understand human behavior | Grist.org
  • 57. Smart measuring technology Take a fee for collating and presenting supply data to existing utility companies’ customers
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  • 59. Are the results any good?
  • 60. Real results where OPOWER Home Energy Reporting system has been implemented, it has consistently and predictably delivered between 1.5% and 3.5% in average energy savings across the entire targeted population
  • 61. Real interest Finalist for Discovery Channel's 2010 Edison Awards CEO's live interview on Fox Business Featured in USA Today In Washington Post as "best example of climate psychology in action" David Cameron, highlights OPOWER at TED2010 “ The next age of government”
  • 62. Are behavioural communications expensive to implement?
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  • 65. Is there a market for it?
  • 66. Making buildings more efficient: It helps to understand human behavior | Grist.org “ Tim Stout, vice-president of energy efficiency at [Massachusetts utility] National Grid, admits that most of the company’s efforts toward conservation have been tied to infrastructure and hardware… ‘When we look at the remaining potential for efficiency,’ Stout says, ‘changing consumer behavior is the next wave of savings that needs to be tapped.’”
  • 67. How to do it – in 5 points
  • 68. How to do it – in 5 points 1. Ask people to indicate the extent to which they think energy efficiency is a good thing (engage cool, calm, rational brain) 2. Make it a public (likely to be consistent with it) 3. Focus on what stands to be lost instead of what stands to be gained (loss aversion is strong) 4. Tell them what their neighbors are doing (social norms) 5. Tell them what experts are saying (Authority effect means people likely to obey and believe experts) Never mind what people believe—how can we change what they do? A chat with Robert Cialdini
  • 69. How to do it – in 1 sentence
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  • 71. Creating sustainable behaviour Thank you [Soon to be released - The 19 Ways To Create Sustainable Behaviour – click for more]