This is a part one lecture about some quality improvement tools

1. M t d lit t lManagement and quality tools
Ola H. Elgaddar
MBChB MS MD CPHQ LSSGBMBChB, MSc, MD, CPHQ, LSSGB
Lecturer of Chemical Pathology
Medical Research Institute
Alexandria UniversityAlexandria University
Ola.elgaddar@alexu.edu.eg

2. Performance ImprovementPerformance Improvement
ToolsTools
(I)( )

3. According to the Healthcare Quality
Certification Board (HQCB):Certification Board (HQCB):
I) T l f l iI) Tools for planning:
Hoshin Planningg
Force field analysis
Gantt chartGantt chart

4. A di t th H lthAccording to the Healthcare
Quality Certification Boardy
(HQCB):
II) Tools for team:
B i t iBrainstorming
Affinity diagramy g
Selection grid

5. According to the Healthcare Quality
Certification Board (HQCB):Certification Board (HQCB):
III) Tools for data collection:
IndicatorsIndicators
Check sheets

6. A di t th H lth Q litAccording to the Healthcare Quality
Certification Board (HQCB):
IV) Tools for data analysis:IV) Tools for data analysis:
Run / Control charts
HistogramHistogram
Scatter diagram

7. According to the Healthcare Quality
Certification Board (HQCB):( Q )
IV) T l f t l i (RCA)IV) Tools for root cause analysis (RCA):
Flow chart
Cause - Effect diagram
Pareto chartPareto chart

8. Hoshin planningHoshin planning
(Policy Deployment)
Steering Everyone in the Right Direction
It is a useful process for managingIt is a useful process for managing
work towards a key strategic initiative
(a hoshin). This approach aligns all
parts of an organization to accomplishparts of an organization to accomplish
an important objective.
= A system approach

10. Hoshin Kanri is a system forHoshin Kanri is a system for
strategic planning that:
Selects a key objective.
Ali i l t ti l t llAligns implementation plans at all
levels.
Implements, reviews, and improves
the plan on an ongoing basis

11. Force field analysis
It is a powerful method of gaining a
comprehensive overview of thecomprehensive overview of the
different forces acting on a potentialg p
organizational change issue, and for
assessing their source and strengthassessing their source and strength.

13. Gantt Chart
A Gantt chart is a type of bar chart that
illustrates a project schedule Ganttillustrates a project schedule. Gantt
charts illustrate the start and finish
dates of the terminal elements and
summary elements of a projectsummary elements of a project.

15. Brainstorming
Brainstorming is a tool used by teams
to bring out the ideas of each individualto bring out the ideas of each individual
and present them in an orderly fashionp y
to the rest of the team.

16. Benefits of brainstorming
1) Encourages creativity
)2) Equalizes involvement by all team
membersmembers
3) Fosters a sense of ownership

22. 1

23. 2 Set a time limit for the session

24. B i t i h ld b id-Brainstorming should be a rapid
generation of ideas, so do it quickly;
5-15 minutes works well. If the time
limit has expired and ideas are stillt as e p ed a d deas a e st
being generated, you can extend
the time limit at five-minutethe time limit at five-minute
intervals.
- Remember! You are just a
facilitatorfacilitator

25. 3
Set a time limit for the session
3
State the topic to be brainstormed in the form of aState the topic to be brainstormed in the form of a
written clear question, every body can see it

26. Set a time limit for the session
4
Collect everyone’s ideas; Structured or unstructuredCollect everyone s ideas; Structured or unstructured
format for calling out ideas (Adv vs Disadv)

27. Set a time limit for the session
5
Record ideas and display them whereRecord ideas and display them where
everyone can see

28. T id i i t t ti d- To avoid misinterpretation and
duplication and stimulate creative
thinking by others
Written down exactly as spoken by- Written down exactly as spoken by
the team member, don’t interpret
-Try to generate a long list as possible

29. Set a time limit for the session
6
Clarify each idea to ensure that all members haveClarify each idea to ensure that all members have
the same understanding of it

30. Set a time limit for the session
7
Eliminate duplications after asking participantsEliminate duplications, after asking participants,
other wise they are kept separate

31. ll h lFollow the rules,
or don’t call it
brainstorming!

33. Affinity Diagram
Usually, an affinity diagram is used to
refine a brainstorm into something thatg
makes sense and can be dealt with more
easily.
It is recommended to be used when facts
or thoughts are uncertain and need to beg
organized, when preexisting ideas or
paradigms need to be overcome, when
id d t b l ifi d d h itideas need to be clarified, and when unity
within a team needs to be created.

34. Affinity
diagram

35. Selection Grid
It is a quantitative technique used to
rank the multi dimensional options ofrank the multi-dimensional options of
an option set.p
A basic selection grid consists of
t bli hi t f it i tiestablishing a set of criteria options
which are scored and summed to gaing
a total score which can then be ranked.

36. Selection Grid
A i ht d l ti id t i thA weighted selection grid operates in the
same way as the basic decision matrix but
introduces the concept of weighting the
criteria in order of importance.p
The more important the criteria the higher
the weighting it should be given Each ofthe weighting it should be given. Each of
the potential options are scored and
multiplied by the weighting given to each ofmultiplied by the weighting given to each of
the criteria in order to produce a result.

38. Indicators
Indicators are quantitative measures of
a specific part of a process or of ana specific part of a process or of an
outcome.
By themselves, they don’t directly
lit th th h lmeasure quality, rather, they help
provide data that when analyzed, givep y , g
information about quality

41. Check list
A simple way of collecting dataA simple way of collecting data

43. Control charts
A control chart is a graph or chart with limit lines,
called control lines.ca ed co t o es
The purpose of drawing a control chart is to detect
any changes in the process that would be evidentany changes in the process that would be evident
by any abnormal points listed on the graph from
the data collectedthe data collected.
It is a method of control, monitoring and
improvementimprovement.

45. Histogram
The purpose of a Histogram is to take theThe purpose of a Histogram is to take the
data that is collected from a process and
then display it graphically to view how the
distribution of the data, centers itself around
the mean, or main specification.
Histograms show the center of the data theHistograms show the center of the data, the
spread of the data and any data skewness
tlior outliers.

48. Scatter diagram
The Scatter Diagram is a Quality Tool thatThe Scatter Diagram is a Quality Tool that
can be used to show the relationship
“between "paired data“, i.e: shows
correlation.
Strong “r” = Higher correlation in either sidesStrong r = Higher correlation, in either sides

50. Flow chartFlow chart