1. RARE EARTHS, SPECIALITY
& STRATEGIC METALS
INVESTMENT SUMMIT
Exploring the Karrat REE deposit in Greenland
Hugh Mackay – Chairman, Avannaa Resources
IRONMONGERS’ HALL, CITY OF LONDON ● THURSDAY, 17 MAR 2011
www.ObjectiveCapitalConferences.com
2. Avannaa Resources
Exploring the Karrat REE deposit in Greenland
Objective Capital
Rare Earths, Speciality & Strategic Metals Investment Summit
London, 17 March 2011
www.avannaa.com
3. Avannaa key facts
1. Founded in UK in 2006. Not listed. Focussed on Greenland
exploration, where founders have worked since 1982
2. Experts at grassroots mineral exploration, experts on the
geology of Greenland
3. Objective is to find giant deposits of gold, base metals and
diamonds.
4. Focus on competitive edge in grassroots exploration and
bring in development partners to take mines into production
4. Why Greenland?
• Excellent geology – the same geology in Australia, Canada and
southern Africa hosts world class mineral deposits.
• Under-explored, high potential for significant discoveries
• Greenland government is pro-mining and single government
agency acts as administrative partner
• No royalties, favourable deductions on capital, no ring-fencing
• 30 % corporate tax
• Simple logistics, extensive access to deep tidal water, ocean
moderated climate
• Modern society with educated, problem-solving workforce
5. Management Team
Dr. Nicholas Rose: CEO
Ph.D. Geology, Stanford University, 1989
Active in Greenland since 1982 on a variety of research and mineral exploration projects, and has a total of
18 field seasons in Greenland. Research fellow at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (California) and
University of Copenhagen. Managed projects for several mining exploration companies working in Greenland
during the 1990’s including Inco, Quadrant Resources and Diamet and has worked as a geologist in
exploration projects in Greenland since 1986. Excellent network in the Greenland geological and mining
community.
Dr. Stefan Bernstein: Exploration Director
Ph.D. Geology, University of Copenhagen, 1994
Senior scientist in Danish geological community, including five years at the Geological Survey of Denmark and
Greenland (GEUS). Resident in Greenland 2 years as leader of Denmark’s Arctic research station. 24 research
and exploration seasons in all parts of Greenland including work with Platinova, Quadrant, NunaOil, RTZ,
Strathcona, Corona and Teck. Intimate knowledge and direct involvement with most major deposit finds in
Greenland within the last 15 years. Author of >30 scientific papers.
Hugh Mackay: Chairman
B.Sc. (Hons) Geology, University of Edinburgh, 1982; Sloan M.Sc., London Business School, 2001.
International management experience in disciplined corporate environments in oil exploration with BP and
Enterprise Oil. Management team in 3 start up companies culminating in $50 million trade sale of The Peak
Group to AGR ASA. Special experience of exploration portfolio management and business development.
Hands on experience of company start-up, managing growth, trade sale and mergers. Several expeditions to
Greenland since 1982.
The Avannaa management team are also the founders of the company
6. Licences
Licence Award
number Region km2 date Targets
2007/52 Disko 8 2007 Diamonds
2008/27 Saqqaq/Itilliarsuk 140 2008 Au, Fe
2008/33 Eqi 70 2008 Au
2010/05 Karrat REE 122 2010 REE
2010/20 Flammefjeld 14 2010 Mo, Au
2010/31 Nuussuaq 24 2010 Zn
2010/32 IC Christensen Land 405 2010 Cu
2011/30 ICC extension 4096 2011 Cu
2011/31 Kangerluarsuk 112 2011 SEDEX Pb-Zn
2011/40 Central East Greenland 1072 2011 Cu
Total 6063
7. Avannaa is a leading Greenland explorer
km2 under licence
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
Number of licences
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
8. Projects
IC Christensen Land copper
Karrat REE Central East Greenland
copper
SEDEX lead-zinc
Itilliarsuk gold, iron
Flammefjeld Mo/Au
Qeqertaa diamond
9. Karrat REE
• Large tonnage
• Open pit
• HREO enriched
• Next to coast
10. Karrat REE location
History
New rare earth element deposit, discovered by
Avannaa
2007: discovery during regional prospecting
2008: verification
Licence data 2009: bulk sampling, prospecting - confirmed
2010/05, 122 km2 and enlarged deposit – applied for more ground
2007/08, 84 km2 2010: drill 1740m, bulk & channel sampling,
prospecting
11. Karrat REE two locations
Niaqornakavsak
NIAQ
10 km
Umiamako Nuna
UMIA
12. NIAQ geology
• Host rock is
Paleoproterozoic
metasediments and
metavolcanics of the
Karrat Group
• REE mineralization is a
NIAQ
lithologically distinct
horizon of banded
carbonates in an
amphibolite unit
18. NIAQ dimensions
• Tabular body hosting the REE
• 1.5 km long, striking east west
• True thickness pinches and swells from 10.3 to
32.5 m, structurally controlled
o
• Dips south at 32
• 56 m asl highest outcrop
• 165 m bsl deepest drill penetration
• 26 million tonnes is reasonable resource target
• Open in two dimensions
19. NIAQ REE
• REE mainly hosted by
bastnaesite, monazite,
allanite and other REE
silicates.
• TREO+ Y 1.36 wt% average
in bulk sample. Up to 2.45%
in core.
• HREO+Y 13.06% average in
bulk sample. Up to 30% in
core.
20. Calcium carbonate banded horizon
Major Mineralogy Magnetite
• Calcium carbonate ~80-90%
• Grunerite (Fe-Mg amphibole),
Magnetite, Ilmenite, Fluorite,
Anandite (Ba-S mica)
Primary REE mineral
• Bastnasite
25 µm
Bastnasite Calcite
BSE Electron Microprobe – Stanford University
21. Black layered carbonate
Major Mineralogy
• Anandite (Ba-S mica) ~50-80%
• Magnetite, Ilmenite, Calcite,
Apatite, Edenite
Primary REE minerals
• Bastnasite, Monazite, Allanite
SEM BSE image – Stanford University
22. NIAQ Chondrite normalized core data
10000 La
Ce
Pr
Nd
Sm
Sample/Chondrite
Eu
Gd
1000
Tb
Dy
Ho
Er
Tm
Yb
Lu
100
55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72
Atomic Number
CI Chondrite data after Anders and Greeves (1989)
23. Working Theory
• Source fluid is from a ferrocarbonatite.
• We believe that the mineralized horizon is not a
carbonatite based primarily on the overall whole
rock chemistry.
• SiO2 content of the horizon varies between 15-
25%, in a carbonatite we would expect to see
values below 5%.
• CaO content varies between 18-20%, in a
carbonatite we would expect to see values
>30%.
24. Karrat vs. Bayan Obo
100000
10000
1000
100
Karrat
Ffe - Primary Ore
MFe
10 AeFe
RiFe
DFe
1
La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
25. NIAQ 1.36 wt% TREO+Y,
13.06% HREO+Y
Me2O3 RE2O3 kg RE2O3
Element ppm* factor ppm RE2O3 wt%RE203 in % tonne
La 2245 1.173 2633.4 0.263% 19.3% 2.63
Ce 5036.9 1.171 5898.2 0.590% 43.3% 5.90
Pr 470.1 1.17 550.0 0.055% 4.0% 0.55
Nd 2003.6 1.166 2336.2 0.234% 17.2% 2.34
Sm 358.2 1.16 415.5 0.042% 3.1% 0.42
Eu 106 1.158 122.7 0.012% 0.9% 0.12
Gd 270.1 1.153 311.4 0.031% 2.3% 0.31
Tb 38.8 1.151 44.7 0.004% 0.3% 0.04
Dy 180.8 1.148 207.6 0.021% 1.5% 0.21
Ho 28.2 1.146 32.3 0.003% 0.2% 0.03
Er 69.1 1.143 79.0 0.008% 0.6% 0.08
Tm 7.9 1.142 9.0 0.001% 0.1% 0.01
Yb 42.6 1.139 48.5 0.005% 0.4% 0.05
Lu 5.5 1.137 6.3 0.001% 0.0% 0.01
Y 721.5 1.269 915.6 0.092% 6.7% 0.92
Total 11584.3 13610.4 1.361% 100.0% 13.61
*Analyses from average bulk sample nos 2523 - 2530
Bold = critical supply issues in medium term
26. NIAQ key metrics
2014 FOB Feb 2011 FOB
$ kg RE2O3 product $ 32 $ 123
$ tonne ore $ 432 $ 1,669
In ground value (billions) $ 11 $ 43
26 million tonnes
Average bulk sample
29. NIAQ comparison
$kg REO vs Mkt Cap
$80.00 10000
$70.00 2800 2500
Mkt cap S million
$60.00 1000
Skg REO
$50.00 343 352 268 211 365 216
$40.00 145 100
107
$30.00 46
$20.00 10
$10.00
$- 1
$ kg REO Mkt Cap $
All values based on 2014 FOB,
company data from websites and
SEDAR as at 20 Nov 2010. Mkt
Cap FT.com 13 Dec 2010.
30. Umiamako Nuna
Drill site
Looking south from summit Looking north toward summit
Potential REE mineralisation observed in field at several locations.
200m section tested by drilling in two holes. Possible extraction by
simple quarry.
31. Support Services
• ALS Chemex
• AMEC
• Moose Mountain
• P-MET
• PFU-APS
• SGS Lakefield
• Stanford University
• Wardrop
32. Metallurgy NIAQ
Bulk sample
Comminution and
characterisation
Magnetic Non mags Flotation
Roasting
separation
Calcine
Conc.
Mags
Water/Mild
Acid leaching Acid leaching
acid leaching
Lixivium
Lixivium
Lixivium
Ion exchange/ Ion exchange/ Ion exchange/
Precipiation Precipiation Precipiation
Preferred Less possible
Possible
33. Next steps
• Current activity
– Commercial modelling
– Metallurgical testing
– Scoping level
assessment
• Future activity
NI 43-101 compliant:
– Indicated resource
– Preliminary Economic
Assessment
34.
35. Contact
Avannaa Resources Limited
Dronningens Tværgade 48 st.tv
1302 København K
Denmark
e-mail enquiries to:
hgm@avannaa.com
telephone: +44 7771 660 539
www.avannaa.com