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Therapeutic Nutrition In the  Oncology Population Suzanne Dixon, MPH, MS, RD Oncology Nutrition Specialist & Epidemiologist Cancer Nutrition Info, LLC www.cancernutritioninfo.com
Why is Nutrition Such a Battleground? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Why Should We Care About Nutrition? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Nutrition Intervention Works! ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Cachexia vs. Anorexia ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Cytokines Responsible for Metabolic Alterations
Disordered Metabolism
Adequate Education of Family & Care Givers Key ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Treatment Nutrition Goals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Treatment Nutrition Goals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Addressing  Primary  Clinical  Nutrition Intervention Goals
Screening Vs. Assessment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Who & How of Screening ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Screening Tool Fundamentals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
PG-SGA Scoring & Optimal Intervention ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
From Screening To Assessment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Symptoms Affecting Nutrition Status ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Nutrition Can Help Manage Symptoms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Some Patients Must Have Enteral Support ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
When Is Initiation of Enteral Nutrition Indicated? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Beginning Enteral Feeding ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Basic Points For Enteral Feeding ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Trouble Shooting for Enteral Feeding Problems
Addressing  Secondary  Clinical  Nutrition Intervention Goals
Healing 101: No Judging ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Healing 102: Everyone is Unique ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Healing 103: Nocebo Effect ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
First Do No Harm   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Think About This ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The Implications: 1  Andreyev, et al, 1998. 2  Ottery 1996. 3  O’Gorman P, et al, 1998, Andreyev, 1998. 4  Albrecht and Canada 1996, Ottery 1995.
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Solutions: 1  Barber, et al, 2001; Tisdale, et al, 2003; Wigmore, et al, 1997. 2  Borsheim, et al, 2002; Tipton, et al, 1999; Shaw, et al, 1988.
Omega-3 fatty acids (EPA/DHA) have been shown to reverse weight loss & increase LBM – may improve treatment tolerance Weight and Lean Body Mass in Patients with Advanced Pancreatic Cancer Following Administration of an EPA-Enriched Nutritional Supplement Source: Barber MD, et al, 1999.  Prospective study completed in 20 pancreatic cancer patients experiencing weight loss.  Patients consumed an average of 1.9 cans/day of a nutritional supplement containing 1.1g EPA/can in addition to normal food intake for 7 wks.
Mean Change in Physical Activity Level Following 8 Weeks of Oral Supplementation Karnofsky Performance Status Following Supplementation with  EPA-Enriched Supplement Source:  Moses, et al, 2001 examined a subset of a large randomized trial conducted in pancreatic cancer patients and compared the intake of nutritional supplements with and without EPA (1.1g – 2.2g/day) and the effects on total energy expenditure and physical activity level. Source:  Barber MD, et al, 1999. Prospective study in 20 patients with pancreatic cancer experiencing ongoing weight loss. Patients consumed average 1.9 cans/day of a nutritional supplement containing 1.1g EPA/can along with normal intake for 7 weeks. Nutritional supplements enriched with omega-3 fatty acids (EPA/DHA) have been shown to improve quality of life and  performance status
Source:  Voss AC,  et al, 2003.  Voss, et al, examined survival rates in pancreatic cancer patients from 2 different studies. In one study patients received an omega-3 fatty acid nutritional supplement containing 1.1g EPA/can and in the other a supplement containing no omega-3. Impact of EPA Supplement on Survival Nutritional supplements enriched with omega-3 fatty acids (EPA/DHA) have been shown to increase life expectancy
“ Best Bet” Complementary Cancer Therapies ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What Is Glutamine? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Why Glutamine For Oncology? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Glutamine For Neuropathy: Physiology & Possible Mechanisms of Action ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Glutamine For Neuropathy: Physiology & Possible Mechanisms of Action ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Glutamine For Arthralgias/Myalgias: Physiology & Possible Mechanisms of Action ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Glutamine For Arthralgias/Myalgias: Physiology & Possible Mechanisms of Action ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Glutamine For Diarrhea/Enteritis: Physiology & Possible Mechanisms of Action ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Glutamine For Diarrhea/Enteritis: Physiology & Possible Mechanisms of Action ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Glutamine For Muscle Mass Maintenance: Physiology & Possible Mechanisms of Action ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Glutamine For Muscle Mass Maintenance: Physiology & Possible Mechanisms of Action ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Glutamine For Muscle Mass Maintenance: Research Evidence ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
“ Best Bet” Complementary Cancer Therapies   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Think About This ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Capsaicin Taffy Recipe (For Sore Mouth) 1 cup sugar 3 / 4  cup light corn syrup 2 / 3  cup water 1 tablespoon cornstarch 2 tablespoons butter or margarine 1 teaspoon salt 2 teaspoons vanilla 1  1 / 2  teaspoons cayenne pepper Combine all ingredients except vanilla and cayenne pepper and cook over medium heat stirring constantly, to 256°F (use candy thermometer). Remove from heat, stir in vanilla and cayenne pepper. When cool enough to handle, pull taffy. When stiff, cut into strips, then pieces and wrap. From: Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 1995;10(3): 245
“ Best Bet” Complementary Cancer Therapies ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
“ Best Bet” Complementary Cancer Therapies ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
“ Best Bet” Complementary Cancer Therapies ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
“ Best Bet” Complementary Cancer Therapies ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
“ Best Bet” Complementary Cancer Therapies ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Use the Resources That Are Available To Evaluate CAM ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Use the Resources That Are Available To Evaluate CAM ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Does Nutrition Matter for Survival?
Findings of Special Interest ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Findings of Special Interest ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Findings of Special Interest ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Findings of Special Interest ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Findings of Special Interest ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Findings of Special Interest ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Nutrition For Prevention of Recurrence: Fantasy or Reality? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Remember This Truth… ,[object Object],[object Object]
Let Food Be Your Medicine And Medicine Be Your Food - Hippocrates,  337 BC
References ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
References ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
References 15. Anderson P, Schroeder G, Skubitz KM. Oral glutamine reduces the duration and severity of stomatitis after cytotoxic cancer chemotherapy.  Cancer.  1998;83:1433-1439. 16.  Skubitz K, Anderson P. Oral glutamine to prevent chemotherapy induced stomatitis: a pilot study.  Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine.  1996;127:223-228. 17. Levy MH, Rosen SM, Ottery FD, Hermann J. Supportive care in oncology.  Current Problems in Cancer . 1992;16:329-418.  18. Slavin JL. Implementation of dietary modifications.  American Journal of Medicine.  1999;106:46S-49S, discussion 50S-51S. 19. Savarese D, Boucher J, Corey B. Glutamine treatment of paclitaxel-induced myalgias and athralgias.  Journal of Clinical Oncology.  1998;12:3918-3919. 20. Boyle FM, Wheeler HR, Shenfield GM. Glutamine ameliorates experimental vincristine neuropathy.  Journal of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapy.  1996;279:410-415. 21. Ernst E, Pittler MH. Efficacy of ginger for nausea and vomiting: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials.  British Journal of Anaesthesia . 2000;84(3):367-371.
References 22. Burton A. Chemoprevention: eat ginger, rub on pomegranate.  Lancet Oncol . 2003;4:715.  23. Sharma SS, Gupta YK. Reversal of cisplatin-induced delay in gastric emptying in rats by ginger (Zingiber officinale).  J Ethnopharmacol . 1998;62:49-55.   24. Ripamonti C, Zecca E, Brunelli C, Fulfaro F, Villa S, Balzarini A, Bombardieri E, De Conno F. A randomized, controlled clinical trial to evaluate the effects of zinc sulfate on cancer patients with taste alterations caused by head and neck irradiation.  Cancer . 1998;82:1938-1945. 25.  Ertekin MV, Koc M, Karslioglu I, Sezen O. Zinc sulfate in the prevention of radiation-induced oropharyngeal mucositis: a prospective, placebo-controlled, randomized study.  Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys . 2004;58:167-74.  26. Flora K, Hahn M, Rosen H, Benner K. Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) for the therapy of liver disease.  American Journal of Gastroenterology.  1998;93:139-43. 27. Ladas EJ, Kelly KM. Milk thistle: is there a role for its use as an adjunct therapy in patients with cancer?  J Altern Complement Med . 2003;9: 411-16. 28.  Schulz V, Hansel R, Tyler VE.  Rational Phytotherapy: A Physicians' Guide to Herbal Medicine . 1998. 3rd ed. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag.
References ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
References 34. Hardman WE. Omega-3 fatty acids to augment cancer therapy.  J Nutr . 2002; 132: 3508S-3512S.  35. Boik J.  Natural Compounds in Cancer Therapy.  2001. 1 st  ed. Princeton, MN: Oregon Medical Press, LLC. 36. Benedetti F, Pollo A, Lopiano L, Lanotte M, Vighetti S, Rainero I. Conscious expectation and unconscious conditioning in analgesic, motor, and hormonal placebo/nocebo responses.  J Neurosci . 2003;23: 4315-23. 37. Kasdan ML, Lewis K, Bruner A, Johnson AL. The nocebo effect: do no harm.  J South Orthop Assoc . 1999; 8: 108-13. 38. Flaten MA, Simonsen T, Olsen H. Drug-related information generates placebo and nocebo responses that modify the drug response.  Psychosom Med . 1999;61:250-55. 39. Spiegel H. Nocebo: the power of suggestibility.  Prev Med . 1997;26:616-21. 40. Hahn RA. The nocebo phenomenon: concept, evidence, and implications for public health.  Prev Med . 1997;26:607-11.
References 41. Schweiger A, Parducci A. Nocebo: the psychologic induction of pain.  Pavlov J Biol Sci . 1981;16:140-3.  42. Spriet A, Spriet C, Larousse C, Chigot D, Roux M, Simon P. Methodology and results of a survey of adverse reactons to a drug in private practice.  Eur J Clin Pharmacol . 1977;11:181-92. 43. Newman SC, Lees AW, Jenkins HJ. The effect of body mass index and oestrogen receptor level on survival of breast cancer patients.  Int J Epidemiol . 1997;26:484-90. 44. Hebert JR, Hurley TG, Ma Y. The effect of dietary exposures on recurrence and mortality in early stage breast cancer.  Breast Cancer Res Treat . 1998;51:17-28. 45. Fradet Y, Meyer F, Bairati I, Shadmani R, Moore L. Dietary fat and prostate cancer progression and survival.  Eur Urol .1999;35:388-91. 46.  Meyer F, Bairati I, Shadmani R, Fradet Y, Moore L. Dietary fat and prostate cancer survival.  Cancer Causes Control . 1999;10:245-51. 47. Huang XE, Tajima K, Hamajima N, Kodera Y, Yamamura Y, Xiang J, Tominaga S, Tokudome S. Effects of dietary, drinking, and smoking habits on the prognosis of gastric cancer.  Nutr Cancer . 2000;38:30-36.
References 48. Chen L, Stacewicz-Sapuntzakis M, Duncan C, Sharifi R, Ghosh L, van Breemen R, Ashton D, Bowen PE. Oxidative DNA damage in prostate cancer patients consuming tomato sauce-based entrees as a whole-food intervention.  J Natl Cancer Inst . 2001;93:1872-79. 49. Spriet A, Spriet C, Larousse C, Chigot D, Roux M, Simon P. Methodology and results of a survey of adverse reactons to a drug in private practice.  Eur J Clin Pharmacol . 1977;11:181-92. 50. Newman SC, Lees AW, Jenkins HJ. The effect of body mass index and oestrogen receptor level on survival of breast cancer patients.  Int J Epidemiol . 1997;26:484-90. 51. Ansari MS, Gupta NP. A comparison of lycopene and orchidectomy vs orchidectomy alone in the management of advanced prostate cancer.  BJU Int . 2003;92:375-8;discussion 378. 52. Salminen E, Bishop M, Poussa T, Drummond R, Salminen S. Dietary attitudes and changes as well as use of supplements and complementary therapies by Australian and Finnish women following the diagnosis of breast cancer.  Eur J Clin Nutr . 2004;58:137-44.
References ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
References ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
References ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
References ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
References ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
References 94. Shabert JK, Winslow C, Lacey JM, Wilmore DM. Glutamine-anti-oxidant supplementation increases body cell mass in AIDS patients with weight loss: A randomized, double-blind controlled trial.  Nutrition  1999;15:860-864.

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Therapeutic Nutrition In the Oncology Population

  • 1. Therapeutic Nutrition In the Oncology Population Suzanne Dixon, MPH, MS, RD Oncology Nutrition Specialist & Epidemiologist Cancer Nutrition Info, LLC www.cancernutritioninfo.com
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  • 11. Addressing Primary Clinical Nutrition Intervention Goals
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  • 32. Omega-3 fatty acids (EPA/DHA) have been shown to reverse weight loss & increase LBM – may improve treatment tolerance Weight and Lean Body Mass in Patients with Advanced Pancreatic Cancer Following Administration of an EPA-Enriched Nutritional Supplement Source: Barber MD, et al, 1999. Prospective study completed in 20 pancreatic cancer patients experiencing weight loss. Patients consumed an average of 1.9 cans/day of a nutritional supplement containing 1.1g EPA/can in addition to normal food intake for 7 wks.
  • 33. Mean Change in Physical Activity Level Following 8 Weeks of Oral Supplementation Karnofsky Performance Status Following Supplementation with EPA-Enriched Supplement Source: Moses, et al, 2001 examined a subset of a large randomized trial conducted in pancreatic cancer patients and compared the intake of nutritional supplements with and without EPA (1.1g – 2.2g/day) and the effects on total energy expenditure and physical activity level. Source: Barber MD, et al, 1999. Prospective study in 20 patients with pancreatic cancer experiencing ongoing weight loss. Patients consumed average 1.9 cans/day of a nutritional supplement containing 1.1g EPA/can along with normal intake for 7 weeks. Nutritional supplements enriched with omega-3 fatty acids (EPA/DHA) have been shown to improve quality of life and performance status
  • 34. Source: Voss AC, et al, 2003. Voss, et al, examined survival rates in pancreatic cancer patients from 2 different studies. In one study patients received an omega-3 fatty acid nutritional supplement containing 1.1g EPA/can and in the other a supplement containing no omega-3. Impact of EPA Supplement on Survival Nutritional supplements enriched with omega-3 fatty acids (EPA/DHA) have been shown to increase life expectancy
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