2. Name - Nutan khatri Batch – D-4 Subject – Air Travel Industry Submitted to – Ms Nirali shah

3. I want to share my heartily gratitude to all who Help me in completion of this presentation in any manner.

7. Egyptian history dates back to about 4000 B.C. , when the kingdoms of upper and lower Egypt, already highly sophisticated, were united. Egypt's golden age coincided with the 18th and 19th dynasties (16th to 13th century B.C. ), during which the empire was established. Persia conquered Egypt in 525 B.C. , Alexander the Great subdued it in 332 B.C. , and then the dynasty of the Ptolemies ruled the land until 30 B.C. , when Cleopatra, last of the line, committed suicide and Egypt became a Roman, then Byzantine, province. Arab caliphs ruled Egypt from 641 until 1517, when the Turks took it for their Ottoman Empire. Napoléon's armies occupied the country from 1798 to 1801. In 1805, Mohammed Ali, leader of a band of Albanian soldiers, became pasha of Egypt. After completion of the Suez Canal in 1869, the French and British took increasing interest in Egypt. British troops occupied Egypt in 1882, and British resident agents became its actual administrators, though it remained under nominal Turkish sovereignty. In 1914, this fiction was ended, and Egypt became a protectorate of Britain. Egyptian nationalism, led by Zaghlul Pasha and the Wafd Party, forced Britain to relinquish its claims on the country. Egypt became an independent sovereign state on Feb. 28, 1922, with Fu'ad I as its king. In 1936, by an Anglo-Egyptian treaty of alliance, all British troops and officials were to be withdrawn, except from the Suez Canal Zone. When World War II started, Egypt remained neutral

8. Tensions grew between the Wafd Party and the monarchy following independence, and in 1952, the army, led by Gen. Mohammed Naguib, seized power. Three days later, King Farouk abdicated in favor of his infant son. The monarchy was abolished and a republic proclaimed on June 18, 1953, with Naguib becoming president and prime minister. He relinquished the prime ministership in 1954 to Gamal Abdel Nasser, leader of the ruling military junta. Nasser also assumed the presidency in 1956. Nasser's policies embroiled his country in continual conflict. In 1956, the U.S. and Britain withdrew their pledges of financial aid for the building of the Aswan High Dam. In response, Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal and expelled British oil and embassy officials. The Soviet Union then agreed to finance the dam and would come to exert increasing influence over Egypt in the coming decade. Israel, barred from the canal and exasperated by terrorist raids, invaded the Gaza Strip and the Sinai Peninsula. Britain and France, after demanding Egyptian evacuation of the canal zone, attacked Egypt on Oct. 31, 1956. Worldwide pressure forced Britain, France, and Israel to halt the hostilities. A UN emergency force occupied the canal zone, and all troops were evacuated in the spring of 1957. From 1956 to 1961, Egypt and Syria united to form a single country called the United Arab Republic (UAR). Syria ended this relationship in 1961 after a military coup, but Egypt continued to call itself the UAR until 1971.

10. Giza is famous for the Giza Plateau, which is the site of some of the most impressive ancient monuments in the world. The Great Pyramid of Giza, also known as Khufu's Pyramid or Pyramid of Cheops, is the oldest and largest of the ancient pyramids in the Giza Necropolis, and was constructed around 2560 BC.

12. Khan el khalili bazaar : one of Cairo's most important shopping areas. But more than that, they represent the market tradition which established Cairo as a major center of trade, and at the Khan, one will still find foreign merchants.

13. Papyrus is an important plant to the people of Egypt, and one that is associated with the priceless Egyptian scrolls. All art work is done on papyrus paper only . Papyrus institute

14. The Nile cruiser often consider as a floating hotel. It explores a luxuries way of travel. You can travel to Luxor, kom ombo, Edfu by Nile cruise.

15. Kom ombo: Everything is duplicated along the main axis. There are two entrances, two courts, two colonades, two hypostyle halls and two sanctuaries.

16. Luxor, was built in the heart of the ancient city, and was dedicated to the god Amun. Today the temple is a major attraction, with tourists from the cruise boats almost forming a continuous chain as they walk from their mooring points, along the road that runs along by the river, to the temple site. Luxor

18. EDFU temple : The impressive twin towered entrance pylon with two statues of the falcon headed god Horus guarding the main entrance. The walls are carved with reliefs depicting the Pharaoh smiting his enemies. The four grooves were for flag masts.

24. Mount kenya national park: It is situated at the slope of mt. kenya , and has a large number of wild life . Zebra's are the main attraction of the national park .

25. Masai mara: Masai Mara National Reserve, an undisputed paradise for the sheer quantity and variety of wildlife. Renowned for its lions and for the annual Great Wildebeest Migration, Kenya's greatest reserve is as magical as your wildest safari dreams.

28. Lake Nakuru: The main attraction for tourists at Lake Nakuru National Park is enormous flocks of pastel pink flamingo. Lake Nakuru set in a picturesque landscape of surrounding woodland and grassland next to Nakuru town. You have a chance to see the white rhino and sighting of leopards at Lake Nakuru. You can get a close view of the pink flamingos and other water birds – a total of 450 varieties.

29. Makalia Falls, Lake Nakuru

33. Tanganyika became independent on Dec. 9, 1961; Zanzibar on Dec. 10, 1963. On April 26, 1964, the two nations merged into the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar. The name was changed to Tanzania six months later. An invasion by Ugandan troops in Nov. 1978 was followed by a counterattack in Jan. 1979, in which 5,000 Tanzanian troops were joined by 3,000 Ugandan exiles opposed to President Idi Amin. Within a month, full-scale war developed. Tanzanian president Julius Nyerere kept troops in Uganda in open support of former Ugandan president Milton Obote, despite protests from opposition groups, until the national elections in Dec. 1980. In Nov. 1985, Nyerere stepped down as president. Ali Hassan Mwinyi, his vice president, succeeded him. Running unopposed, Mwinyi was elected president in October. Shortly thereafter plans were announced to study the benefits of instituting a multiparty democracy, and in Oct. 1995 the country's first multiparty elections since independence took place.

34. Often called "Africa's Eden" and the "8th Natural Wonder of the World," this collapsed volcano (a "caldera") is located in the Ngorongoro Conservation Area. This is a natural sanctuary for thousands of birds, insects and animals such as lions, zebra, black rhino and wildebeest, all free to wander.

35. This is one of the best places in Africa to see lion and cheetah close up. The vast, open grasslands of the Serengeti are without doubt one of Africa's finest wildlife areas, and being there at the height of the migration is a never-to-be-forgotten experience.

36. This unusual park lies in the shadow of the Great Rift Valley whose reddish brown escarpment wall looms 1,950 feet high (600 meters) on the eastern horizon. Waterfalls spill over the cliff and hot springs bubble to the surface in the south.

39. The San people were the first settlers; the Khoikhoi and Bantu-speaking tribes followed. The Dutch East India Company landed the first European settlers on the Cape of Good Hope in 1652, launching a colony that by the end of the 18th century numbered only about 15,000. Known as Boers or Afrikaners, and speaking a Dutch dialect known as Afrikaans, the settlers as early as 1795 tried to establish an independent republic. After occupying the Cape Colony in that year, Britain took permanent possession in 1815 at the end of the Napoleonic Wars, bringing in 5,000 settlers. Anglicization of government and the freeing of slaves in 1833 drove about 12,000 Afrikaners to make the “great trek” north and east into African tribal territory, where they established the republics of the Transvaal and the Orange Free State. The discovery of diamonds in 1867 and gold nine years later brought an influx of “outlanders” into the republics and spurred Cape Colony prime minister Cecil Rhodes to plot annexation. Rhodes's scheme of sparking an “outlander” rebellion, to which an armed party under Leander Starr Jameson would ride to the rescue, misfired in 1895, forcing Rhodes to resign. What British expansionists called the “inevitable” war with the Boers broke out on Oct. 11, 1899. The defeat of the Boers in 1902 led in 1910 to the Union of South Africa, composed of four provinces, the two former republics, and the old Cape and Natal colonies. Louis Botha, a Boer, became the first prime minister. Organized political activity among Africans started with the establishment of the African National Congress in 1912.

40. Jan Christiaan Smuts brought the nation into World War II on the Allied side against Nationalist opposition, and South Africa became a charter member of the United Nations in 1945, but he refused to sign the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Apartheid—racial separation—dominated domestic politics as the Nationalists gained power and imposed greater restrictions on Bantus (black Africans), Asians, and Coloreds (in South Africa the term meant any nonwhite person). Black voters were removed from the voter rolls in 1936. Over the next half-century, the nonwhite population of South Africa was forced out of designated white areas. The Group Areas Acts of 1950 and 1986 forced about 1.5 million Africans to move from cities to rural townships, where they lived in abject poverty under repressive laws. In 1991, a multiracial forum led by de Klerk and Mandela, the Convention for a Democratic South Africa (CODESA), began working on a new constitution. In 1993, an interim constitution was passed, which dismantled apartheid and provided for a multiracial democracy with majority rule. The peaceful transition of South Africa from one of the world's most repressive societies into a democracy is one of the 20th century's most remarkable success stories. Mandela and de Klerk were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993. In 1997 the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, chaired by Desmond Tutu, began hearings regarding human rights violations between 1960 and 1993. The commission promised amnesty to those who confessed their crimes under the apartheid system. In 1998, F. W. de Klerk, P.W. Botha, and leaders of the ANC appeared before the commission, and the nation continued to grapple with its enlightened but often painful and divisive process of national recovery.

42. Cape of good hope : It is the south most part of the continent Africa. It is to said two ocean Indian & pacific meets over there . For the early seafarers the Cape of Good Hope marked the turning point in their luck because once the "Cape of Storms", as Bartholomeus Diaz called it in 1488, had been passed, the battle against the sea was basically won.

43. The castle of good hope : The castle is home to an art collection and the William Fehr Collection, historic military memorabilia and artillery and other display items that reveal its history.

44. Table Mountain is the definitive symbol of Cape Town. It dominates all photographs of the Mother City and is a part of everyday life even if you never set foot on its hallowed slopes.

45. Victoria & Alfred water front : Situated between Robben Island and Table Mountain in the heart of Cape Town's working harbour, the V&A Waterfront has become South Africa's most visited destination. Set against a backdrop of magnificent sea and mountain views.

48. Johannesburg Apartheid Museum : The Apartheid Museum is a very interesting museum complex in Johannesburg, dedicated to illustrating apartheid and post-apartheid history of South Africa. Located alongside Gold Reef City, it has many exhibits, created by a team of curators, filmmakers, historians, and designers.

49. Johannesburg Skyline : Home to some of the tallest structures of Africa, Johannesburg contains many skyscrapers, the most notable being the Sentech Tower, Hill brow Tower and the Carlton Centre. The observation deck of the Carlton Centre should not be missed, because it provides panoramic views of the entire city.

50. Gold Reef City: it is part of the over 100 km long gold reef that lays below the city of Johannesburg. Escorted tours explore the underground and one can attend demonstrations as to how gold is "made".

51. Sun City Located just 187 km from Johannesburg, Sun City is a luxurious South African casino resort near the city of Rustenburg. Often called the South African Las Vegas, it has casinos, 2 golf courses, safaris and wildlife tours (in the nearby Pilanesberg National Park) , as well as a theme park. Sun City has been awarded the Gold Heritage classification for its responsible eco-tourism practices

53. Bassinets are available on board for infants; however it is advisable to call your airline to make the necessary reservations at least 48 hours before boarding, as your infant's height and/or weight may make bassinets unusable for them from a safety and comfort standpoint. Bassinet

54. Check email, surf the web, and login to your company's VPN—all from your seat. In-flight Wi-Fi access is available on many flights, Recharge your batteries right from your seat. Be more productive with in-flight power adapters for you laptop and other mobile devices. Wi-Fi network

55. LCD screens displaying the flight route can be used to watch movies too. They provide us games & music for internment. In-flight Entertainment

56. Just because you're 30,000 feet in the air doesn't mean you can't shop. You can choose from 120 items, including perfumes, cosmetics, beverages, gifts, bijouterie, watches, and fashion accessories.

58. AVML Contains only plant-derived foods and dairy products. Meals are cooked Indian style.

59. Hindu (HNML) No beef/veal or pork is used in the preparation of Hindu meals. However lamb, fowl, fish and milk products are allowed.

60. BBML (Baby Meal): Vegetable and fruit based meals for baby will be available on flights

61. Low Salt (LSML) No salt is used in the preparation of these meals and highly salted ingredients are avoided.

63. Mission: To represent, lead and serve the airline industry. IATA - International Air Transport Association IATA was founded in Havana, Cuba, in April 1945. Leadership Chairman of IATA Board of Governors (2009-2010), Tony Tyler, CEO, Cathay Pacific Airways IATA Director General and CEO, Giovanni Bisignani Membership IATA membership: some 230 airlines, 125 countries. Flights by IATA members represent 93% of world’s international scheduled traffic (Available Seat Kilometers) IATA members total freight – 42.4 million tonnes in 2008, of which 28.2 million tones were international IATA members total passengers 2008 (scheduled) - 1.6 billion of which 709 million were international IATA Offices IATA has 74 offices in 68 countries covering 148 nations Head Office: Montreal, Canada Executive Office: Geneva, Switzerland Regional Offices in Amman, Beijing, Johannesburg, Miami, Moscow, Singapore, Washington Giovanni Bisignani joined the International Air Transport Association as Director General & CEO in June 2002. Since that time Mr. Bisignani has completely re-shaped and re-focused the organization to better serve its global membership of 230 airlines with a mission to represent, lead and serve the air transport industry. While securely managing

65. The Pacific Asia Travel Association (PATA) is an organization aiming to promote the sustainable development of tourism in the Asia-Pacific region Founded in 1951, the Pacific Asia Travel Association (PATA) continues to be the leading authority, advocate and catalyst for the responsible development of Asia Pacific’s travel and tourism industry. PATA's uniquely structured organization has helped unite the many facets of tourism in the region. PATA provides leadership and advocacy to the collective efforts of nearly 100 government, state and city tourism bodies, more than 55 airlines and cruise lines, and hundreds of travel industry companies. In addition, thousands of travel professionals belong to a global network of PATA chapters. Through PATA’s unique partnerships with and between its members, it continues to enhance the sustainable growth, value and quality of travel and tourism to, from and within Asia Pacific -- the world’s most dynamic region. PATA : the Pacific Asia Travel Association

66. ICAO : The International Civil Aviation Organization The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), an agency of the United nations, codifies the principles and techniques of international air navigation and fosters the planning and development of international air transport to ensure safe and orderly growth. Its headquarters are located in the quainter international of Montreal, Canada. The International Civil Aviation Organization, a UN Specialized Agency, is the global forum for civil aviation. ICAO works to achieve its vision of safe, secure and sustainable development of civil aviation through cooperation amongst its member States. ICAO's activities in the environment field are primarily focused on those problems that benefit most from a common co-ordinated approach, on a worldwide basis, namely aircraft noise and the impact of aircraft engine emissions. Most of this work is undertaken through the ICAO Council's Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection (CAEP), which consists of Members and Observers from States, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations representing aviation industry and environmental interests. ICAO maintains close relations with other UN policy-making bodies that have expressed an interest in civil aviation, notably with the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, to which it provides regular statements on ICAO's emission-related activities.ICAO has produced a number of publications and held some organized workshops in this field.

68. The Convention on International Civil Aviation , also known as the Chicago Convention , established the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), a specialized agency of the United Nations charged with coordinating and regulating international air travel. The Convention establishes rules of airspace, aircraft registration and safety, and details the rights of the signatories in relation to air travel. The Convention also exempts air fuels from tax. Convention on International Civil Aviation (also known as Chicago Convention), was signed on 7 December 1944 by 52 States. Pending ratification of the Convention by 26 States, the Provisional International Civil Aviation Organization (PICAO) was established. It functioned from 6 June 1945 until 4 April 1947. By 5 March 1947 the 26th ratification was received. ICAO came into being on 4 April 1947. In October of the same year, ICAO became a specialized agency of the United Nations linked to Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC). The Convention on International Civil Aviation set forth the purpose of ICAO:"WHEREAS the future development of international civil aviation can greatly help to create and preserve friendship and understanding among the nations and peoples of the world, yet its abuse can become a threat to the general security; and WHEREAS it is desirable to avoid friction and to promote that co-operation between nations and peoples upon which the peace of the world depends; THEREFORE, the undersigned governments having agreed on certain principles and arrangements in order that international civil aviation may be developed in a safe and orderly manner and that international air transport services may be established on the basis of equality of opportunity and operated soundly and economically; Have accordingly concluded this Convention to that end."

70. Import regulations:: Free import (irrespective of age): 1. 200 cigarettes or 25 cigars or 200 grammes of tobacco; 2. 1 litre of alcoholic beverages; 3. a reasonable quantity of perfume and 1 liter of Eau de Cologne; 4. non-commercial articles up to a value of EGP 100.-; 5. personal effects, including electric appliances such as a razor or a hair dryer; 6. provided registered in passport (or passport replacing document), in small units and for personal use: articles such as a camera, radio, recorder, bathing, diving or fishing equipment, a small generator set etc. In case such articles are not exported, customs taxes and duties will be levied. Prohibited: - narcotics, drugs, cotton; - all kinds of live, frozen or stuffed birds or any bird derived product. Export regulations:: Free export of the same articles as shown under "free import" which have been imported by passenger. Prohibited: - drugs and food; - gold and silver, purchased on the local market, unless in very small quantities and for personal use.

71. Import regulations:: Free import by passengers of 16 years or older: - 1/2 lb. of tobacco or 200 cigarettes or 50 cigars; - 1 bottle of alcoholic beverages; - 1 pint of perfume. Prohibited is the import of fruit, imitation firearms, children's ' toy pistols, etc. Meat and meat products or any product from domestic or wild poultry, which must be declared and destroyed. Export regulations:: Free export of a reasonable quantity of tobacco products and alcoholic beverages. Skin or game trophies require an export permit. Prohibited of export are gold and diamonds and skin or game trophies, which are not obtained from the authorized personnel of the Government of Kenya. Kenya

72. Import regulations:: Free import of: 1. 250 grammas of tobacco or 200 cigarettes or 50 cigars; 2. 1 bottle of alcoholic beverages; 3. 1 pint of perfume. Arms and Ammunition regulations:: It is advisable to obtain a permit from the police in advance as firearms will be lodged with customs, pending the issue of the permit. Wild Fauna and Flora:: For plants and plant products a phytosanitary certificate is required. For fruits an additional declaration that Xanthomonas citri (Hasse) Dowson does not occur in the country of origin is required. Export regulation :: Free export of a reasonable quantity of tobacco products and alcoholic beverages. Pets:: Health Certificate of competent veterinary surgeon is required. All live animals are subject to inspection on arrival and will be kept in quarantine for a certain period. Dogs and cats must have been vaccinated against rabies. Dogs: less than 3 years and 6 months at the latest prior to arrival. Cats: less than 1 year and 1 month at the latest prior to arrival.

73. Free import of: 1. 200 cigarettes and 50 cigars and 250 g of tobacco ; 2. 2 bottles (2 litres) of wine and 1 bottle (1 liter) of spirits or liquor 3. 50 ml. of perfume and 250 ml. of eau de toilette per person; 4. other goods (new, used or duty free) up to a value of ZAR 3,000.-. All goods other than the above, acquired abroad by residents of South Africa must be declared by them on arrival. All these goods will be subject to import duties. If goods are re-imported passenger must show the DA65 or NEP-form that was issued on departure. Jewellery which was taken abroad and then remodelled, processed, repaired or exchanged, must be accompanied by documentary proof of this transaction. The jewellery and all costs must be described on this document. Duty and VAT will be levied on the cost of repair or remodelling of jewellery. Tobacco products and alcoholic beverages limited to those over 18 years. South Africa Import regulations :

83. Day | 1 Welcome aboard for an exciting and comprehensive tour to Egypt - 'the land of the Nile'. Tonight enjoy the Sound and Light show. Today, embark on your exciting tour of Egypt. On arrival you will greeted by your friendly Tour Manager / local representative outside the baggage hall. Check into your conveniently located hotel (check in by 1400 hrs). Later this evening, enjoy the Sound and Light show at the pyramids of Giza. You can get a glimpse back in time to see, feel and imagine how it was when the powerful Egyptians ruled. Tonight, enjoy a sumptuous Indian dinner. Overnight at Hotel Movenpick Pyramid / Intercontinental Pyramids Park or similar in Cairo.

84. Sound And Light Show at Giza The performance of this spectacular sound and laser light show is a must to see while in Cairo . The voice of the great sphinx tells you the story of Pharaohs and their life's story and how the great pyramids where built.

97. After an American breakfast at the hotel, Proceed to Serengeti national park ,famous for tree climbing lion & other wild cat species .Lunch at local restaurant. drive to lake manyara national park enjoy the wild beauty .Over night at hotel.

100. After an American breakfast at the hotel visit Penguin Island, Beach is just down the road from Simons Town n on the False Bay coast, so not only is the water is a little warmer and the scenery stunning, but you'll find an interesting wildlife relationship in action: here it's the penguins who rule and the people who make way for their diminutive neighbours. enjoy the day at island ,dinner & over night at hotel.

106. FLIGHT SCHEDULE Dep. City Arrival City Dep. Time Arrival Time Airline Code BOM CAI 0450 1050 MS CAI NBO 1100 1700 MS NBO JRO 0600 0700 KQ JRO CPT 043O 2215 * KQ CPT JNB 1050 1250 SA JNB BOM 0935 0150 ** SA